162 166 (iii)

And…

• H needed oil– Forced

• Romania• Hungary• Bulgaria

– to support them

Meanwhile

• I invaded Greece, but was defeated

• G invaded Yugoslavia and G

• G+I were fighting in North Africa to take Suez canal

The phoney war ended in spring 1940

• By 1940 it was obvious that F & UK surrender wasn’t going to be easy

• In April, G invaded Denmark and Norway–British force

failed to help norwegians

1940-1943 North AfricaDesert warfare

• I advanced into Egypt

• Uk pushed them back to Libya

Rommel, Desert Fox

Terrible conditions

• Heat by day

• Lack of water

• Freeze at night

• Flies and diseases

• Open landscape

The Russian Front

H Plans• Destruction of communism

• Use slav peoples as slave labour– They were inferior

Operation Barbarossa. June 1941

• 3 attacks

• Stalin did not believe H could break the pact

• USSR was not ready

Lamenting the death. Searching for friends and relatives murdered by the Germans at

Kerch, the Crimea

Hitler’s Gamble

• Russian’s unprepared and weak

• Equipment outdated

• Many people against communism

• Time enough till winter

What went wrong?

• Distance and supply– 1500 km to Moscow

• Roads in bad conditions

• Scorched earth policy (política de tierra quemada)

• People against nazis– Due to brutality

Winter campaign

• Barbarossa was delayed due to Balkans

• G were unprepared

• G couldn’t reach targets– Leningrad– Moscow– Stalingrad

The rise of Japan 1930-1942

The war in the Far East didn’t begin at the same time as the war in Europe

• The war in Asia was caused by Japanese growth

• Japan had taken control of Korea in 1905 and Manchuria in 1931

• Many japanese people admired the strength and power of dictators like Hitler and Mussolini in Europe

• The army took more power, building up large and modern naval forces

A treaty was signed with Hitler in 1936

Anti-Comintern pact

• By 1941 Japan had taken control of large parts of eastern China

• To maintain their power and economic advantages the japanese needed supplies of coal, rubber, tin, oil and other raw materials

Japan planned a surprise attack on the USA

• The USA, worried by japanese expansion, had banned trade with Japan

Japanese expansion in 1940