(12) Ulllted States Patent (10) Patent N0.: US 8,090,550

US008090550B2

(12) Ulllted States Patent (10) Patent N0.: US 8,090,550 B2 Azancot et al. (45) Date of Patent: Jan. 3, 2012

(54) EFFICIENCY MONITOR FOR INDUCTIVE (58) Field of Classi?cation Search .................. .. 702/62, POWER TRANSMISSION 702/150; 324/239, 329, 334, 335, 336; 323/224,

323/225, 235, 238, 247, 259, 262; 363/16, 363/24, 25, 131; 320/108, 109, 114; 235/380;

(75) Inventors: Yossi Azancot, Jerusalem (IL); Amir 307/104, 116; 318/16, 480, 538 Ben-Shalom, Modiin (IL); Oola See application ?le for complete search history. GreenWald, Mevasseret Zion (IL); Arik Rofe, Jerusalem (IL) (56) References Cited

73 A _ P t Ltd IL US. PATENT DOCUMENTS ( ) sslgnee' owerma ’ '( ) 3,771,085 A 11/1973 Hojo etal.

3,938,018 A 2/1976 Dahl * ~ . ~ ~ ~ - 4,160,193 A 7/1979 Richmond

( ) Not1ce. Subject‘ to any d1scla1mer, the term ofthis 4,431,948 A 2/1984 Elder et a1‘ patent 1s extended or adjusted under 35 4 754 180 A 6/1988 Kiedrowski U-S-C- 154(1)) by 197 days- 4,977,515 A 12/1990 Rudden etal.

5,221,877 A 6/1993 Falk

_ (Continued) (21) App1.No.. 12/563,558 FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS

(22) Filedl SeP- 21, 2009 EP 0160990 A2 11/1985

(Continued) (65) Prior Publication Data

OTHER PUBLICATIONS US 2010/0070219 A1 Mar. 18, 2010

S.Y.R. Hui, et al., A New Generation of Universal Contactless Battery _ _ Charging Platform for Portable Consumer Electronic Equipment,

Related U-s- Apphcatlon Data IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 20, No. 3, May 2005.

ont1nuat1ono app 1cat1on o. , ontmue (63) c ' ' f 1' ' N PCT/IL2008/000401 c ' d

?led on Mar. 23, 2008. Primary Examiner * Carol Tsai

(60) Provisional application No. 60/907,132, ?led on Mar. (74) Attorney, Agenl, 01’ F if"! * BFOOkS Kushman PC 22, 2007, provisional application No. 60/935,847, ?led on Sep. 4, 2007, provisional application No. (57) ABSTRACT 61/096,976, ?led 011 Dec- 18, 2007, Provisiona1 An e?iciency monitor for monitoring the ef?ciency of poWer aPPhPZIUOH NO- 91/906,106, ?led 011 Dec- 19, 2007, transmission by an inductive poWer outlet. The ef?ciency PrOVlslOna1 apphcfmon NO- 91/906,488, ?led on Jan monitor includes an input poWer monitor, for measuring the 16, 2008: PrOVlslOna1 211313110311011 No- 61/006,721’ input poWer delivered to the primary coil, and an output ?led 011 Jan- 29, 2008- poWer monitor, for measuring the output poWer received by

the secondary coil. The input and output poWers are used by (51) Int Cl a processor to determine an index of poWer-loss. A circuit

' ' breaker may be used to disconnect the inductive poWer outlet GoIR 21/00 (200601) in case of excessive poWer loss.

(52) US. Cl. ........ .. 702/62; 702/150; 323/224; 320/108; 235/380; 307/104; 307/116

Power Supply

240

210

11 Claims, 20 Drawing Sheets

210

Receiver

260 A

[Sc 290

Transmitter

280 7777777 "ll 77777 W" T [40

Sigtal Generator

US 8,090,550 B2 Page 2

US. PATENT DOCUMENTS 2006/0028176 A1 2/2006 Tang etal. 5,278,771 A M994 Nyenya 2006/0043927 A1 3/2006 Beartetal.

2006/0052144 A1 3/2006 Sell et al. 5,367,242 A 11/1994 Hulman 5455466 A “M995 P k t l 2006/0061325 A1 3/2006 Tangetal. 5,486,394 A M996 S2“ $1‘: a' 2006/0071632 A1 4/2006 Ghabraetal. 5,528,113 A M996 Btoug l 2006/0091222 A1 5/2006 Leungetal.

’ ’ °.YS.eta~ 2006/0093132 A1 5/2006 Desormiere etal. 5,550,452 A 8/1996 shrrar etal. 5 600 225 A M997 G t 2006/0202665 A1 9/2006 Hsu 5,713,939 A M998 Nod‘) d. 31 2007/0023559 A1 2/2007 Scapillato etal.

’ r e unga let ~ 2007/0057763 A1 3/2007 Blattneretal. 5,734,254 A 3/1998 Stephens - - 2007/0076459 A1 4/2007 Llmpkln 5,762,250 A 6/1998 Carlton etal. 5821728 A “M998 Sh .d 2007/0136593 A1 6/2007 Plavcanetal.

’ r c Wm 2007/0165371 A1 7/2007 Brandenburg 5,821,731 A 10/1998 Kukletal. - 2007/0182367 A1 8/2007 Partovl 5,850,416 A 12/1998 Myer .......................... .. 375/221 - 5907 285 A M999 T l 2007/0279002 A1 12/2007 Partovl

’ ’ 0mm” 2008/0001922 A1 1/2008 Johnson etal. 5,929,598 A 7/1999 Nakamaetal. 2008/0030985 A1 2/2008 Jeon etal. 5,949,214 A 9/1999 Broussard et a1. - 6042 005 A 30000 B .1 t l 2008/0049988 A1 2/2008 Baslleetal.

’ ’ “lee a' 2008/0079388 A1 4/2008 SarnoWsky etal. 6,211,649 B1 4/2001 Matsuda 2008/0132293 A1 6/2008 Gundlach etal. 6,230,029 B1 5/2001 Hahnetal. 2008/0157715 A1 7/2008 Rosenboomet a1. 6,396,935 B1 5/2002 Makkonen - 6 436 299 B1 80002 B l 2008/0223926 A1 9/2008 Mllleretal.

’ ’ 999991199 2008/0258680 A1 10/2008 Frerking etal. 6,441,589 B1 8/2002 Frerklng et al. 2008/0265835 A1 10/2008 Reed etal. 6,484,260 B1 11/2002 Scott etal. - . 2009/0026959 A1 1/2009 L1n etal. 6,532,298 B1 3/2003 Cambler et al. 2009/0040807 A1 2/2009 Doumae etal. 6,586,909 B1 7/2003 Trepka - . 2009/0047768 A1 2/2009 Jaln 6,624,616 B1 9/2003 Frerklng et al. 2009/0047769 A1 2/2009 Bhatetal. 6,644,557 B1 11/2003 Jacobs 2009/0075704 A1 3/2009 Wang 6,673,250 B2 1/2004 Kuennen et al. - 2009/0079387 A1 3/2009 J1n etal. 6,690,169 B2 2/2004 Candy ......................... .. 324/329 - 2009/0084705 A1 4/2009 Justlss 6,721,540 B1 4/2004 Hayakawa 2009/0097221 A1 4/2009 Sayedetal. 6,731,071 B2 5/2004 Baarrnan 2009/0102416 A1 4/2009 Burley 6,766,040 B1 7/2004 Catalano et al. 2009/0134972 A1 5/2009 Wu, Jr. et al. 6,825,620 B2 11/2004 Kuennen et al. . 2009/0146608 A1 6/2009 Lee 6,888,438 B2 5/2005 Hu1 etal. . 2009/0153098 A1 6/2009 Toya etal. 6,894,457 B2 5/2005 Germaglan et a1. 13519275 S 40006 Sh 2009/0153297 A1 6/2009 Gardner

’ @929 2009/0174263 A1 7/2009 Baarrnan etal. 7,043,060 B2 5/2006 Qulntana 2009/0203355 A1 8/2009 Clark 7,126,450 B2 10/2006 Baarrnan etal. 2009/0212639 A1 8/2009 Johnson 7,132,918 B2 11/2006 Baarrnan etal. . 2009/0226050 A1 9/2009 Hughes 7,164,255 B2 1/2007 Hu1 - 2009/0243791 A1 10/2009 Partln etal. 7,180,248 B2 2/2007 Kuennen et al. - . 2009/0251102 A1 10/2009 Hu1 7,180,265 B2 2/2007 Naskalletal. - . 2009/0273891 A1 11/2009 Pelker 7,224,086 B2 5/2007 Germag‘an etal' 2009/0278494 A1 11/2009 Randall 7 233 319 B2 6/2007 Johnson et al.

’ ’ 2009/0322158 A1* 12/2009 Stevensetal. .............. .. 307/104 P553352 5 10/2007 Brandenburg 2010/0039066 A1 2/2010 Yuan etal 7,385,357 B2 6/2008 Kuennen et al. '

7,392,068 B2 6/2008 Dayan er 91- FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS 7,405,535 B2 7/2008 Frerklng et al. 7,462,951 B1 12/2008 Baarrnan EP 0160990 B1 1/1991 D586,809 s 2/2009 Jones etal. EP 0558316 A1 1/1993 7,518,267 B2 4/2009 Baarrnan EP 1990734 A1 11/2008 7,522,878 B2 4/2009 Baarrnan GB 2399466 A 9/2004 7,576,514 B2 8/2009 Hui GB 2399466 B 11/2005 D599,735 s 9/2009 Amideietal. W0 9602879 A1 2/1996 D599,736 s 9/2009 Ferberetal. W0 0215320 A1 2/2002 D599,737 s 9/2009 Amideietal. W0 0201557 A1 3/2002 D599,738 s 9/2009 Amideietal. WO 2008030985 A2 3/2003 7,605,496 B2 10/2009 Stevens et al. ................ .. 307/17 WO 2006015143 A2 2/2006 D603,603 s 11/2009 Laine etal. WO 2008086080 A2 7/2008 7,612,528 B2 11/2009 Baarrnan etal. WO 2008093334 A2 7/2008 D607,879 s 1/2010 Ferberetal. WO 2008114268 A2 9/2008 D611’407 S 3/2010 Webb WO 2009040807 A2 4/2009 D611,408 s 3/2010 Ferberetal. WO 2009047768 A2 4/2009 7,791,312 B2 9/2010 Kook .......................... .. 320/108 WO 2009047769 A2 4/2009

2002/0057584 A1 5/2002 Brockmann WO 2009049657 A1 4/2009 2002/0158512 A1 10/2002 Mizutanietal. WO 2009108958 A1 9/2009 2003/0210106 A1 11/2003 Cheng etal. WO 2010/025156 A1 3/2010 2004/0023633 A1 2/2004 Gordon WO 2010/025157 A1 3/2010 2004/0195767 A1 10/2004 Randall OTHER PUBLICATIONS 2004/0203537 A1 10/2004 Yoshidaetal. _ _ _ _

2004/0242264 A1 0/2004 Cho XLlu, et a1.,AnAnalys1s ofaDouble-layer Electromagnetlc Shleld 2004/0261802 A1 12/2004 Grif?n et a1, foraUniversal Contactless Battery Charging Platform, IEEE 2006. 2005/0007067 A1 1/2005 Baarrnan et a1, XLiu, Equivalent Circuit Modeling of a Multilayer PlanarWinding 2005/0083020 A1 4/2005 Baarrnan Array Structure forUseinaUniversalContactless Battery Charging 2005/0130593 A1 6/2005 Michalak Platform, 2006 IEEE. 2005/0169506 A1 8/2005 Fenrich et al. S.C. Tang, et al., Evaluation of the Shielding Effects on Printed 2005/0192062 A1 9/2005 Mickle et al. Circuit-BoardTransformers Using Ferrite Plates andCopper Sheets, 2005/0233768 A1 10/2005 Guo etal. 2002IEEE.

US 8,090,550 B2 Page 3

YR Xu, et al., Extended Theory on the Inductance Calculation of Planar Spiral Windings Including the Effect of Double-layer Elec tromagnetic Shield, 2007 IEEE . Xun Liu, et al., Optimal Design of a Hybrid Winding Structure for Planar Contactless Battery Charging Platform, 2007 IEEE. Xun Liu, et al., Simulation Study and Experimental Veri?cation of a Universal Contactless Battery Charging Platform With Localized Charging Features, 2007 IEEE.

International Search Report and Written Opinion as ?led in PCT/ IL2008/00l282, as mailed on Mar. 3, 2009. International Search Report and Written Opinion as ?led in PCT/ IL2008001347, as mailed on Feb. 17, 2009. International Search Report and Written Opinion as ?led in PCT/ IL2008/00l348, as mailed on Oct. 12, 2008.

* cited by examiner

US. Patent Jan. 3, 2012 Sheet 1 0f 20 US 8,090,550 B2

240

Power Supply

230

Driver

_/

Ts Transmitter

k

S1 gnal Generator

Secondary Coil

Load

US. Patent Jan. 3, 2012 Sheet 4 0f 20 US 8,090,550 B2

........................ .7

Frequency CLHTQH'E Divider Monitoy

I

/ in, =Fd/n is» 2166

Correlator

\2164 2168 \ Sent

Micyocontmller

US. Patent Jan. 3, 2012 Sheet 5 0f 20 US 8,090,550 B2

2242 110(1) 4 F

- /22 0 \ l >

2246\ 2248 \ Fr,‘ \ V10) L1

Clock . SC Drlver —>

I/ 2244 F2 Fraquency Current A}

Divider _ Monitor

/ Fl, =Fd/n Sp\ 2166 ‘ 2162

Correlator

\2164

Soat s \\ ' C Microcontroller

21% SE V

Fig. 2d

US. Patent Jan. 3, 2012 Sheet 6 0f 20 US 8,090,550 B2

- . - - - fl ------- ' “ I

> , ----------------- " ' TransmissiOn

- “X / \§_-_-_--'7'—‘~€‘: {

K3212 I

I Power Source , R?celver

/ 3240

3200

Fig. 3

US. Patent Jan. 3, 2012 Sheet 7 0f 20 US 8,090,550 B2

Provide Input Signal \ Step (21)

Provide Bit-rate Signal

\ Step (b)

Modulate the Bit-rate Signal With the Input Signal to create a Modulated Signal

\ Step (c)

Connect an ancillary load to a secondary coil intermittently according to said Modulated Signal

\ Step ((1)

V

Monitor the primary current drawn by a primary coil to produce a Primary Current Signal

\ Step (e)

Cross-correlate the Primary Current Si gnal with said Bit~rate Signal to generate an Output Signal

\ Step (1)

Fig. 4

US. Patent Jan. 3, 2012 Sheet 8 0f 20 US 8,090,550 B2

4300 4240

Power Supply

4230

0

0 9 0 2

M 4/

_ | x | | a | | a s | | | u n u | | | | n u n I | u I n u u | u ; | | i u n u u | | | | n u u | | in“ .2 | n \ u | a | n | | I u ..| m ............................... :1 ......... _ u _ 2 _ m n m m n“ m M m

_ _ D1 1 1“ _ _ n n l‘ \4 4. n n

_ _ w . _

_ _ M _ r _

_ _ T. H _ € _ n n I W r w n W I n

_ _ O n 0 w _ 0 O _

. _ $ 01H" H _ Pun _ _ n e P n * _ t n _

n _ m A m 0 u u u 0 n n n r P M w " LmlM “

_ _ P n * _ u _

_ “ Tl. H _ O _

n _ w n n n n , H n 0 n

_ |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| i.‘ l | \ l 0 . . | \ i | n ‘I

_ u _

_ ? _

n w u

_ w _ M

n u n 0

n l‘ P w n P

- w -

n m n y

_ _

_ I uh a y H _ mm H W x mm w H mm

_ n .n m m C H n 0 C

_ r

n u _ s

_ H n

_ m _ _ d _

US. Patent Jan. 3, 2012 Sheet 9 0120 US 8,090,550 B2

5290

Output Monitor 4— 51% V60 5042 5100 :1

\. I 1 w

l l \ l

/ 5160 *PW 5140 13"‘ 5640 ‘Y t 5220

Processor ‘ Input Monitor / Pi" \ 5162 i 5122 ‘\

Power Supply Circuit-breaker 5300 \5240 \5280 \

5210

Fig. 6a

US. Patent Jan. 3, 2012 Sheet 10 0120 US 8,090,550 B2

5290

5294 Attention! !

A power drain has been detected.

5642

l w

/ 5160 *PW 5140 TU”’< 5640 \Y ‘ 5220

Processor 4 Input Monitor / Pi" \ 5162 l 5122 ‘\

Power Supply Circuit-breakor 5300 \s240 \5280 \

5210

Fig. 6b

US. Patent Jan. 3, 2012 Sheet 11 0120 US 8,090,550 B2

Measure the input power delivered to a primary coil

\ Step (a)

V

Measure the output power received by an electric device

Step (b)

‘

Communicate the input power Pin to a processor

\ Step (c)

Communicate the output power Pout to the processor

\ Step ((1)

Determine an index of power-loss

Calculate the ef?ciency Ca1°‘%1ateth‘? efficiency \ quotient Q by differential A by Step (e)

determining the ratio of _ determmmg the _ difference between Pout Pout t0 Pm

I and Pin

& i Disconnect the primary

coil from the power supply if the ef?ciency quotient Q is below a

Disconnect the primary coil from the power

supply if the ef?ciency differential A is above a

threshold value, thereby threshold value, thereby preventing power leakage preventing power leakage

Step (f1) \ Step (f2)

US. Patent Jan. 3, 2012 Sheet 12 0f 20 US 8,090,550 B2

6642

6300

6362

6360

Fig. 8a

US. Patent Jan. 3, 2012 Sheet 13 0f 20 US 8,090,550 B2

6290 6642

Fig. 8b

US. Patent Jan. 3, 2012 Sheet 14 0f 20 US 8,090,550 B2

7300 7360 j

\_m_ User Interface

\

7362

\‘—'~ Processor

A 7210

7160 ,/ \“ Sensing Power

‘ Unit Outlet

US. Patent Jan. 3, 2012 Sheet 15 0f 20 US 8,090,550 B2

7362

- Processor

7210

SC Power Outlet

Fig. 10

US. Patent Jan. 3, 2012 Sheet 16 0f 20 US 8,090,550 B2

Ts ‘ Cross-Correlator < Clock

T f .

K \ 42 8544 85

.\ ~\s500 8160

Sc

4208 K 8210 \

microcontrollcr 4 swlijchting : 50w?‘ \ f m \ upp y ~

\ \ \ QL 8234 8232 8240

Location Signal

Fig. 11

US. Patent Jan. 3, 2012 Sheet 17 0f 20 US 8,090,550 B2

9640

9360

o

9290

Fig. 12a