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Presented by: Dr. Muazzam Hussain, OXFAM America Date presented: 5/26/2010
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Welcome
SRI Presentation
by
SRI National Network Bangladesh
contact person
Dr. Muazzam HussainMay 26, 2010
With Thanks
Dr. Muzzam Hussain extends thanks and gratitude to OXFAM, on behalf of
SRI NNB and BRF for:
• Moral support
• Resource support
System of Rice Intensification (SRI)
• Understanding SRI
• Implementation of SRI
• Benefits of SRI
• Challenges in SRI
• Climate Change Impact on Rice Cultivation
• SRI and Adaptation to Climate Change
• SRI in Bangladesh
Understanding SRI
It is all about a plant
Understanding SRI
But no magic
Why deal with plant
• Higher yield
Yield Concerns
• Healthy plant
Healthy Plant
SKIT
(to be provided)• Good Seed• Good Knowledge• Good Information• Good Technology
SWALTS
(to be facilitated)• Living Soil• Sufficient Water• Dynamic Air• Plenty of Light• Appropriate Time• Suitable Space
No alternative to• Good Seed• Good Knowledge• Good Information• Good Technology
Living Soil
• Balanced ingredients
• Functioning organisms
• Mechanics of aeration
Soil is a living factory of nutrients
Sufficient Water
• Just as much needed for the plant
• Adequate mix of minerals
Water is a backward support for nutrients
Dynamic Air
• Mechanism for provision of air
– Pores in the soil
– Manipulation of soil for aeration
Air is a forward support for nutrients
Plenty of Light
• Positioning for least interrupted light
– Appropriate distance
– Physical environment (no big tree / shed)
Light is ignition and generation of nutrients
Appropriate Time• Period of cultivation• Season for cultivation• Dating sawing and
harvesting• Time of transplantation
Time and timing is risk management of yield
Suitable Space
• Weather
• Climate
• Environment
• Physical area
• Appropriation of space
Space is the ruler of vegetation
Implementation of SRI
• Group Approach
• Farmers School Approach
• Scheme Approach
Implementation of SRI
• Small portion of area in farmers field
• Demonstration plot
• Season-long experimental observation
Implementation of SRI
• More than one season
• Seed-to-seed period of learning
Implementation of SRI
• Learning oriented
• Yield optimization
• Appreciating the complexity of rice cultivation
• Local knowledge
Implementation of SRI
Partnership between implementing Agency and the farmer in the period between initiation and graduation of a SRI Program
Salient Features of SRI Practice
• Increases yield
• Reduces external inputs
• Environment-friendly
Benefits of SRI
• Reduction of irrigated water quantity by 30% to 40%
• Reduction in seed quantity by >75%
• Reduction in damage by rodents
• Keeps up threshold of damage by pests
• Most number of tillers productive
• Decrease in external inputs
Benefits of SRI
• Less probability of damage due to flood
• Stems of SRI rice plant are thicker – more resistant to storm damage
• Roots of SRI rice plant are deeper – more drought-resistant
Benefits of SRI
• Yield increased by 20% to 200%
• Sustained optimum yield rate
• Increase yield of indigenous variety
• Earlier maturity (by 7-20 days)
• Higher straw yield
• Resource-efficient production
Benefits of SRI
• Maximum use of local resources
• New land area becomes feasible for rice cultivation
• Active soil aeration
• Healthy soil
• Hand weeding with push-weeder is easier
Challenges in SRI
• Momentary challenges– Difficulty in transplanting young seedlings– Frequency of irrigation– Increase in weeding (frequency)
• Persistent challenges– Weed control– Irrigation pump management– Power / fuel
Flooding
• Timing
• Early maturity
• Indigenous varieties feasible
• Faster recovery / establishment
Drought
• Thicker stems and deeper roots
• Healthy soil
• Water retention in soil is higher
Cyclone
• Timing
• Thicker stems - more flexible, less lodging
• Indigenous varieties favorable
Other Hazards -- Biotic
• Pest infestation
• Soil nutritional depletion
• Disease infestation
Other Abiotic - Physical
• Water stagnation
• Prolonged period of inundation
• Salinity
• Lowering of underground water level
• Variance on time of rainfall
• Variance in amount of rainfall
Other Abiotic - Climatic
• Cold spells
• Hot spells
• Fog
• Global warming – higher temperatures
• Greenhouse gases
• Hailstorms
• Tornados
Other Abiotic - Modernization
• ‘Green Revolution’ orientation
• Homogeneity of crops - vulnerability
• Genetic uniformity - vulnerability
• Monoculture - vulnerability
SRI in Bangladesh
• Farmers has accepted
• Invariably practicing
• Scientists and policy-makers unanimously called for joint effort in SRI research
• Expansion of SRI / dissemination
• Strengthening SRI National Network
Food for Thoughts
• Rice plant is not really aquatic – it can survive in standing water, but does not thrive
• With SRI, rice can be grown in land usually not accepted as suitable for rice cultivation
• SRI as a principle of combination of practices is being extended to management of other crops – sugar cane, wheat, etc.
Food for Thoughts
• Can be difficult to convince farmers in first season – need to see results for themselves
• SRI calls for change in age-old traditions in rice cultivation – change is generally hard for people to accept and engage in
• But SRI benefits are multiple, visible, and quick – so this gives incentives for change
Food for Thoughts
• More research is required– to better understand– to innovate
» for household income
» build resilience of farmers
» capacity of farmer to cope with odds
• Not just ‘research’ but simple demonstrations to show results
Way Forward
• More research and demonstrations
• Farmers capacity-building
• Rights approach
• Policy advocacy
• Gender perspective
• Joint efforts
• Core funding for SRI NNB is needed
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