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Maximizing Asset Value with IOR / EOR
India Drilling & Exploration Conference (IDEC) –
201323-24 May 2013, Mumbai
ONGC a Wealth Creator
2Most valuable Indian PSU
IOR / EOR ??
IOR
EOR
…….includes all methods for supplementing natural reservoir forces and energy
• Pressure Maintenance, • Recycling of produced fluids• Secondary recovery in its original sense i.e. fluid injection
/stimulation/artificial lift within an economic limit.
…. defined as oil recovery by the injection of materials normally not present in reservoir.
• does exclude water-flooding and is intended to exclude all pressure maintenance processes.
Source : SPE Petroleum Reservoir Management Catalogue
3# 21 Energy Company in the World
IOR / EOR … Views from Literature
Quote :My definition for EOR is recovery of the oil left after a waterflood for any oil.
IOR is good Reservoir Engineering, horizontal wells, infill drilling etc. plus EOR.Unquote
Dr Farouq Ali, during a Webinar on 17 May 2012
IOR / EOR …. experience in ONGC
5A FORTUNE Global 500 Company
IOR-EOR ….
Sustained oil production of ~20 MMt in Majors
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An
nu
al O
il M
Mt
Contribution of IOR/EOR scheme in Major Fields vis a vis ONGC Production
Contribution of IOR/EOR Programme
Case with natural decline
Targeted 15 major fields thru structured IOR/EOR schemes
• Acreage reduction
• Water Injection
Redistribution
• A/L Optimization
• Hi-tech drilling
6Most valuable Indian PSU
Next Campaign
• IOR for Major & Medium sized fields of Onshore
• Revamp/enhancement of surface facilities factored
0.0
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Ann
ual O
il, M
Mt
Production Profile IOR-2012 : OnshoreIOR-2012 Base
Rolling Dev Campaign in Offshore Majors
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1976
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Cum
. P
rod
uctio
n,M
Mt
Oil,M
Mt
Ph-I Ph-II
Base
Ph-III
• Integrated development
• Tapping Bypassed oil
• Improved Reservoir
characterization
7# 21 Energy Company in the World
Increasing Asset Value … IOR Examples
Offshore Carbonate Reservoir
020
4060
80100120
140160
180200
Base IOR (FR) IOR (RFR) IOR Ph- II
Np
, M
Mt
05
1015
202530
3540
4550
RF
, %
Cum. Oil Production, MMt RF, %
Offshore Major
0
1020
3040
50
6070
8090
100
Ph
as
e-
I+II
Ph
ase-
III
Fie
ld g
row
th
Par
t-I
Par
t-II
Red
ev
Np
, M
Mt
0
510
1520
25
3035
4045
50
RF
, %
Cum. Oil Production, MMt RF, %
8# 21 Energy Company in the World
EOR Efforts
Commercial Scale• Miscible Gas Injection
– Bold Reservoir Management decision to halt production to achieve MMP
• ISC Thermal Process– Largest ISC implementation in Heavy Oil belt - A game changer
• Polymer flood– Possibility of achieving + 36% RF as against 15% from water flood
• MEOR (now a Patented Technology)– Putting life to stripper wells thru huff-n-puff mode– Ready with MEOR in flood mode
Proven EOR Pilots• WAG in multi-layered reservoir• ASP in WON Future Vision of EOR
• Entry of ISC Process in Light Oil, CSS • Field Scale WAG• Low salinity / Low IFT water flood• Solution search for EOR in Offshore
9# 21 Energy Company in the World
Increasing Asset Value … EOR Examples
Miscible G.Inj. EOROct’1996
0.00
0.70
1.40
2.10
2.80
3.50
4.20
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Oil Production Performance of GS-12(Miscible Pool)
Oil Rate(m3/d) Act. Cum(m3/d)
Performance of Balol FieldPerformance of Balol Field
Miscible Gas Injection– Multi-layered reservoir– Depth 2000m– Sandstone with
heterogeneity– Temp ~ 120°C
Thermal Process– High viscosity (100 – 2000 cp)– Multi-layered reservoir– Moderate depth ~1200m– Sandstone with good K, Phi– Water drive
10# 21 Energy Company in the World
EOR Projects for Tomorrow
EOR technology : Some proven processes already in operation, several evolved to trial stage, and many more still in R&D phase
• LOSAL : Change in rock fluid interaction and multi cation exchange, releasing entrapped oil from rock surface
• Increased displacement efficiency of 10%.• Works better in presence of non swelling clays
• Viscoelastic surfactants : a new class of chemicals used to loosen grip of oil on rock by reducing interfacial tension
• Tight formations, high salinities • For reservoir temp. upto 100°C
• An Alkaline Surfactant Foam (ASF) flood with AS pre-flush : designed to recover all the oil present in core after water flooding
• Needs more studies to optimize the process
11# 21 Energy Company in the World
EOR Projects for Tomorrow
EOR technology : Some proven processes already in operation, several evolved to trial stage, and many more still in R&D phase
• Improving efficiency of cyclic steam by thermo-reversible gel-forming systems(GFS)
• Gel blocks high permeable channels and increases conformance of thermal steam treatment
• Heterogenetic combination flooding system of Preformed Particle Gel (PPG)• PPG’s 3D network and polymer chains lead to increased visco-elasticity
and sweep volume to improve recovery
• Colloidal Dispersion Gels (CDGs): CDGs lightly cross-linked polyacrylamide gels formed in-situ; Salinity independent and alternative to high salinity polymer flood projects requiring high polymer concentration
• Nanoparticles to increase viscosity of injection fluid and reduce mobility contrast• Can serve for IFT reduction, foam stabilization, and alteration of wettability
12# 21 Energy Company in the World
Concluding Thoughts …..
• No unique solution for every Field/Reservoir• Technology and Price Dependent• Infrastructure revamping coupled with high tech drilling/
completion will aid in improving Asset Value• Role of EOR is of prime importance for mature fields• New and emerging EOR technologies hold promise
Maximizing Asset Value with IOR/EOR – Is a Moving WIN Post (Continuous Exercise) – Thrust on Major fields to have global impact
40 % 50 %20 % 30 %
13A FORTUNE Global 500 Company
Recovery Mechanisms
Primary Recovery
Natural FlowArtificial Lift
Pump – Gas Lift etc.
Secondary Recovery
Tertiary Recovery
Water FloodPressure Maintenance
Water / Gas : Reinjection
Thermal
Miscible, SolventOthers
MEOR, CO2 ..
Chemical
Co
nven
tion
al R
ecovery
En
han
cedR
ecovery
14ONGC a Wealth Creator
IOR / EOR … Views from Literature
Of the two, the term EOR has clearer definition.
EOR refers to Reservoir Processes that recover oil not produced by Secondary Processes.
• Primary recovery uses natural energy to produce oil/gas• Secondary recovery uses injectants to re-pressurize the reservoir
and to displace oil to producers (WI, GI)• EOR Processes Target what is left
• Focuses on Rock/Oil/Injection system and interplay of Capillary and Viscous Forces
IOR refers to any practice to increase oil recovery that may include EOR processes, as well as practices to increase sweep such as infill drilling, horizontal wells etc.
Source : Guest Editorial, JPT 2003
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