1 The Union in Peril CP Chapter 10. 2 Politics of Slavery North and South Each has their own...

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The Union in PerilCP Chapter

10

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Politics of SlaveryNorth and South

Each has their own economy Each has their own society

Essentially 2 countries in one

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Wilmot Proviso

1846 Dem Congressman David Wilmot suggests:

All territory gained from Mexico be prohibited from Slavery.

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Wilmot Proviso

NorthFavored since

south voted down internal improvements

Southslaves were

property & it was protected by Const.

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Wilmot Proviso Arguments

1. Antislavery Northerners cited NW Ordinance of 1787 which forbade slavery to north of Ohio River as proof framers did not want to expand slavery

2. Southerners (John C. Calhoun) argued that all lands acquired should become slave-holding

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Wilmot Proviso Arguments…

3. Moderates suggest extending 36*30’ line into Western Territory (Polk)

4. Others suggest “Popular Sovereignty” Settlers of land decide through local

governments

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California•Requests admission as Free State…

•President Taylor supports this

Southerners – oppose it

Southern Congressmen try to block

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Compromise of 1850

Henry Clay steps in and attempts to present compromise in May 1850.

Similar to Missouri Compromise

There were 5 points to Clay’s Proposal

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Compromise of 1850

California admitted as a free state.

Rest of Territory split in half between Utah & N. Mexico

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In Utah & N. MexicoThe people would decide slavery.

Popular sovereignty

Compromise of 1850

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Compromise of 1850

Texas would give up its claim to part of New Mexico and US gov’t would pay $10 million in war debt.

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Slavery would still exist

Prohibit slave trade in D.C.

Compromise of 1850

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New fugitive slave law enacted.

Requires all citizens to assist in capture and return of slaves.

Compromise of 1850

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Henry Clay

Throws Congress into 8 month debate“GREAT DEBATE”

Both North & South argue that it is too lenient on Opposite side

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Clay defended resolutions…

Feared alternative would be disunion

Possibly War

Senate rejects Compromise of 1850.

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How it was achieved

Taylor dies and VP Millard Fillmore steps in

Stephen Douglas steps in for Clay as Speaker of House

Introduces them one at a time…

Compromise Passed after 8 months

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VIOLENCE, PROTEST, & RESISTENCE

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Fugitive Slave Act

Not entitled to trialStatement from slave owner was all that

was needed$10 for returning slaves$1000 fine & 6 months in jail for aiding

slave

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Underground railroad

This was created as an network of people that helped aid slaves.

Harriet Tubman the most famous conductor

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Harriet Beecher Stowe Convinced people slavery was

not just a political issue.It was morally wrong.

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

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Repeal Missouri CompromiseTerritories have the right to “popular

sovereignty.”Divide into 2 statesKansas – slaveNebraska - free

Kansas-Nebraska Act

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“Bleeding Kansas”

A.Sack of Lawrence

Founded by antislavery

Proslavery jury labeled them traitors

Proslavery posse burned Lawrence

B.Pottawatomie Massacre

John Brown, abolitionist pulled 5 proslavery men out of bed and cut-off

their hands and stabbed them with a broadsword.

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Political PartiesWhig party ends over slavery.Democratic Party also weakKnow-Nothings formed but

will split over SLAVERY

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The American party formed promoting nativism.

A.k.a. the Know-Nothing Party.Eventually split over slavery.

Political Parties introduced

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Political Parties Introduced

Free-Soil Party favored not extending slavery into new territory

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Political Parties continued…

Republican party grows out of Northern Whigs, antislavery Democrats, & Free-Soilers.

Drew support from a wide range of areas.

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Leading up to Secession

Dred Scot decisionDred Scot vs Sanford

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Lecompton Constitution: Written by proslavery even though

they were outnumbered 10-1 in Kansas.

Leading up to Secession

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Lincoln-Douglas Debates

Lincoln challenges Douglas to 7 debates

Douglas – believed in pop. sovereignty

Lincoln – slavery was wrong

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Freeport Doctrine

2nd Debate “Could Settlers exclude slavery before a

territory became a state?” “Slavery cannot exist a day or an hour

anywhere, unless it is supported by the local police regulations.

Douglas wins the seat in Senate.

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attempted to take an arsenal at Harpers Ferry for slave uprising

Threat put down by US Marines.Brown was hanged for high treason.

John Brown

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1860 ElectionRepublican Lincoln

won the election

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Party Stand on Slavery

Rank in Popular

Vote

Rank in Electoral College

Lincoln Republican Condemnation 1 1

Douglas Northern Democrat

Backward system

4 3

Breckin-ridge

Southern Democrat

Supported 2 4Bell Constitutional

UnionNo stand 3 2

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SecessionSouth Carolina left the Union in

December 1860.

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Mississippi, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas, & Alabama, followed.

Southern States follow S.C.

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North Carolina, Virginia, Arkansas, & Tennessee leave

Lincoln called for 75,000 volunteers.

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Confederate States of America

Government of the southern states.

Jefferson Davis of Mississippi was President

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Border States

Maryland, Kentucky, Missouri, & Delaware

Important to Lincoln.

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THE END