1 The Future of Freedom Fareed Zakaria. 2 The Future of Freedom Fareed Zakaria Fareed Zakaria Jacket...

The Future of FreedomThe Future of Freedom

Fareed ZakariaFareed Zakaria

Fareed Zakaria

Jacket painting: Eugene Delacroix, 1830Liberty Leading the PeopleThe Louve

Zakaria was born in India, has a B.A. Zakaria was born in India, has a B.A. from Yale (in history) and a Ph.D. from from Yale (in history) and a Ph.D. from Harvard (in international relations). In Harvard (in international relations). In 1992, at the age of 28, Zakaria 1992, at the age of 28, Zakaria became managing editor of Foreign became managing editor of Foreign Affairs, the leading journal of Affairs, the leading journal of international politics and economics—international politics and economics—a position he held through 2000.a position he held through 2000.

Describing him as "the most Describing him as "the most influential foreign policy adviser of influential foreign policy adviser of his generation," Esquire named his generation," Esquire named him "one of the 21 most important him "one of the 21 most important people of the 21st Century."people of the 21st Century."

Chapter 1Chapter 1

The Democratic AgeThe Democratic Age

Explain the conceptExplain the concept

Illiberal DemocracyIlliberal Democracy

Explain the themeExplain the theme

At Home At Home

and Abroadand Abroad

The rise of democracyThe rise of democracy

In 1900 not a single nation In 1900 not a single nation had a democracy?had a democracy?

Today 119 nations are Today 119 nations are DemocraciesDemocracies

= 62% of world’s nations= 62% of world’s nations

Every adult citizen may voteEvery adult citizen may vote

Monarchy Monarchy Fascism Fascism

Communism Communism Socialism Socialism TheocracyTheocracyDemocracyDemocracy

DemocracyDemocracy

RepublicRepublic

DemocracyDemocracy

CapitalismCapitalism

Mass PhenomenonMass Phenomenon

ConsumptionConsumptionSavingsSavings

InvestingInvesting

CultureCulture

High CultureHigh Culture

Pop CulturePop Culture

1920’s Information1920’s InformationRadio, TV, News, FilmsRadio, TV, News, Films

TodayTodayThe InternetThe Internet

9.11.01

Tension:Tension:

Democracy v. State Democracy v. State authorityauthority

DemocracyDemocracy

Classical LiberalismClassical LiberalismFreedomsFreedoms

Checks on GovernmentChecks on Government

DemocracyDemocracy

PeruPeruPalestinePalestineVenezuelaVenezuela

Middle East?Middle East?

Saudi ArabiaSaudi Arabia

What IF - Democracy?What IF - Democracy?

U.S. U.S.

DemocraticDemocraticOr Or

Undemocratic?Undemocratic?

U. S. Supreme CourtU. S. Supreme Court9 judges appointed for life9 judges appointed for life

U.S. Senate - 100 SenatorsU.S. Senate - 100 SenatorsCA-30 million - 2 SenatorsCA-30 million - 2 SenatorsAZ - 3 million - 2 SenatorsAZ - 3 million - 2 Senators

Chapter 2Chapter 2

A Brief History ofA Brief History ofHuman LibertyHuman Liberty

A.D. 324A.D. 324

ConstantinopleConstantinople

IstanbulIstanbul

Theme:Theme:The Church - 1st source of libertyThe Church - 1st source of liberty

From liberty derived democracyFrom liberty derived democracy

Athens fourth century B.C.Athens fourth century B.C.

SocratesSocratesExecution was democraticExecution was democratic

But not liberalBut not liberal

Rome Rome Limited governmentLimited government

Rule of LawRule of Lawsenate, republic, senate, republic,

constitutionconstitution

The ChurchThe Church

Successor to RomeSuccessor to RomeDogma, intoleranceDogma, intolerance

Institutional Challenge to the Institutional Challenge to the State State

The papacy had power, The papacy had power, legitimacy, money, and armies.legitimacy, money, and armies.

The ReformationThe ReformationLuther 10.31.1517 95 thesesLuther 10.31.1517 95 theses Printing presses Printing presses

150 years 1/2 Europe Protestant 150 years 1/2 Europe Protestant Henry VIII EnglandHenry VIII England

1648 Peace of Westphalia - Princes 1648 Peace of Westphalia - Princes might choose their own state religionsmight choose their own state religions

The Enlightened StateThe Enlightened StateLiberty depended on the rulerLiberty depended on the ruler

1688 England Glorious Revolution 1688 England Glorious Revolution King, Commons, LordsKing, Commons, Lords

1789 French Revolution1789 French RevolutionThe extension of central powersThe extension of central powers

MontesquieuMontesquieuThe “oracle” of libertyThe “oracle” of liberty

1776 The American Revolution1776 The American Revolution

CapitalismCapitalism

Economics based on market Economics based on market competition- means of competition- means of

production, distribution, and production, distribution, and exchange are privately owned exchange are privately owned and directed by individuals or and directed by individuals or

corporationscorporations

Capitalism Capitalism Rise in Western Europe Rise in Western Europe

Spread to EnglandSpread to England

DemandedDemandedFree trade, free markets, Free trade, free markets,

individual rights, individual rights, and freedom of religionand freedom of religion

The American RevolutionThe American RevolutionA new England w/o the KingA new England w/o the KingAn explosion of capitalismAn explosion of capitalism

A Middle ClassA Middle Class1870 Black vote1870 Black vote

1920 Women vote1920 Women vote

Chapter 3Chapter 3

8.19.918.19.91YeltsinYeltsin

The popular autocratThe popular autocrat

Elections &Elections &AuthoritarianismAuthoritarianism

==Illiberal DemocracyIlliberal Democracy

Stable Democracies Stable Democracies ==

Popular consentPopular consentRule of LawRule of Law

The Question The Question Of Of

IraqIraq

GorbachevGorbachev

Glasnost Glasnost political opennesspolitical openness

Perestroika Perestroika economic restructuringeconomic restructuring

ChinaChina

It does not matter if the cat It does not matter if the cat is black or whiteis black or white

as long as it catches the as long as it catches the mousemouse

Clinton RossiterClinton Rossiter

Democracy and PoliticsDemocracy and Politics

Politics and PartiesPolitics and Parties

End part 1End part 1

1 The Future of Freedom Fareed Zakaria. 2 The Future of Freedom Fareed Zakaria Fareed Zakaria Jacket...

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