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Text-to-911: Requirements &
OptionsHenning Schulzrinne
FCC
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Goals
What have we learned so far?possibilities & options
What are requirements?
What are the trade-offs?Long-term goalsShort-term achievable
Not an official FCC policy statement reflects comments, ex-partes, EAAC, …
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The big picture
Internet(WiFi, 3G/4G)
RTT, SMS, IM
SMS
location PSAP + capability
cellular
voice
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General hard requirements
Work everywhereeven without 3G/4G coverageend-to-end compatible (standards-based)
All mobile devices smart phones & feature phoneswith and without a data plan
Basic automated location capability sufficient for identifying PSAP
Path to NG911 transition should be invisible to users
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Desirable & likely feasible
Short code 911 for SMS
Support for IP-based (“app”) solutions in addition to SMScan support RTT and IM-mode when PSAP is capable
of receiving such
System automatically chooses best option for userbased on PSAP capabilities
NG911 as soon as possible
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Hard constraints
Can’t upgrade all PSAPs no moneyno FCC authority over PSAPshave to support fall back modes (see next)
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Acronyms and concepts
IMS (Internet Multimedia Subsystem)4G approach to carrying multimedia callsSIP-based (like NENA i3)
MMES (Multimedia Emergency Services) IMS extensiondetails TBD
ESInet (Emergency Services IP network) the (private) IP network that connects PSAPs in a
regioncontains call handling and call routing equipment
Acronyms and concepts
OTT (over-the-top)communication services that use Internet (IP)
services for voice or video rather than “native” services directly supported by
cellular provider currently, voice & SMS/MMS
examples: Google Voice, Skype, Vonage, Netflix, iMessage, AOL IM, …
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9PSAP text handling options: direct
Option Advantage Disadvantage
NG911 • Direct communication
• RTT
• Cost of NG911• Time to deploy (8+
years/95%)
Pre-NG911 (text only IP)
• Direct communication
• CAD integration
• PSAP upgrade
Web-based • Direct communication
• Cheap
• No integration with CAD• Requires IP connectivity
TTY • Direct communication
• Every PSAP has one• No personnel costs
• Reliability untested• TTY training and usage• Who do you call when
things go wrong?
TTY with human operator fallback
• as above• may avoid
catastrophic failures
• as above
10PSAP text handling options: assisted
Option Advantages Disadvantages
Telematics voice with direct routing
• Trained staff• Works for every
PSAP
• Not direct – conversation delay
• Staffing cost• Provider?
TRS voice • Providers may be available (?)
• Leverage infrastructure
• Indirect• Answer delay• Staff not emergency-trained
Redirect to text PSAP
• Trained call taker • Dispatch and handling delay
• Finding willing PSAPs?
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PSAP classes
Who can use the system?
Options presented: everybody “soft” registration
“are you sure” message for non-registered users e.g., TRS/VRS users get access to 911 app for smartphones
“hard” registration error message for non-registered users
Affects system cost (if telematics or relay operator) funding possibilities broader goals (text as fallback, Vtech scenarios) per-call cost
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Key questions
What transition mechanisms arepreferableacceptable for a transition period?
How long should the transition period be?Any suggestions on mechanisms to encourage &
accelerate the transition to better mechanisms?
Identify trade-offs and solutions, not just requirements
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