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1
Promoting Off-the-Job Safety:
It Makes $ense!
[Insert your company name or logo hereand delete this text.]
February 2006
2
Off-the-Job Injuries:
What’s the national
situation?
3
Sources Injury Facts® 2005-2006
EditionBureau of Labor
StatisticsNational Highway
Traffic Safety Administration
Most current data available – 2004, 2003, or 2002 – depending on the source
4
What does “off-the-job” mean?Not on the job Includes –
People employed (full- or part-time) but not at work
Excludes – Children Persons keeping house full time Retired Unemployed Other persons not in the labor force
5
“Off-the-job” or “non-work” injuries?Off-the-job includes the part of
Motor-vehicleHome and Communityinvolving workers away from work
Non-work includes all ofMotor-vehicleHome and Community
6
Off-the-Job Challenge
141 million workers at risk44,100 worker OTJ deaths6.8 million worker OTJ disabling
injuries$193.6 billion in OTJ costs to society
Source: Injury Facts, 2005-2006 Ed.
7
OTJ Compared to On the Job
8
OTJ Compared to On the Job
On-The-Job141 million
workers at risk4,952 on-the-job
deaths3.7 million
disabling injuries$142.2 billion in
costs to society
Off-the-Job141 million
workers at risk44,100 worker OTJ
deaths6.8 million worker
OTJ disabling injuries
$193.6 billion in OTJ costs to society
Source: Injury Facts, 2005-2006 Ed.
9
Off vs On the Job Deaths – 9:1
44,100
4,9520
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
Deaths
On-the-JobOff-the-Job
Source: Injury Facts, 2005-2006 Ed.
10
Off vs On the Job Injuries – 1.8:1
3,700,000
6,800,000
0
1,000,000
2,000,000
3,000,000
4,000,000
5,000,000
6,000,000
7,000,000
8,000,000
Disabling Injuries
On-the-JobOff-the-Job
Source: Injury Facts, 2005-2006 Ed.
11
Off vs On the Job Costs – 1.4:1
$142.2
$193.6
$0
$50
$100
$150
$200
Costs
(Billions)
On-the-JobOff-the-Job
Source: Injury Facts, 2005-2006 Ed.
12
OTJ Compared toAll Unintentional Injuries
13
Unintentional Injuries111,000 deaths2.8 million hospitalized10.9 million outpatient department
visits23.2 million disabling injuries40.2 million emergency department
visits99.9 million physicians’ office visits
Source: National Safety Council and National Center for Health Statistics
14
Unintentional InjuriesEach year 1 in 12
people are affected by an episode of injury
Source: National Center for Health Statistics
15
Costs of Injuries
$574.8 billion$5,100 per household$2,000 per personPaid…
directly out of pocket, andhigher prices for goods and services,
andhigher taxes
Source: Injury Facts, 2005-2006 Ed.
16
Unintentional Injuries
#1 cause of death for people 1 to 40 years old
#5 cause of death for all ages
Source: Injury Facts, 2005-2006 Ed.
17
Leading Causes of Death, 2002
Heart disease 696,947Cancer 557,271Stroke 162,672Chronic lower respiratory disease 124,816Unintentional injuries 106,742
Source: National Center for Health Statistics
18
Average Age at Death andRemaining Lifetime
77 7180 76
50
10 159 11
31
0102030405060708090
HeartDisease
Cancer Stroke CLRD* U-I
Years
AverageRemainingLifetimeAverage Ageat Death
Source: NSC estimates based on 2002 NCHS data. * Chronic Lower Respiratory Disease
19
What the previous graph means
People who die from unintentional injuries are, on average, 20 to 30 years younger than people who die from other leading causes of death.
They are still working.They are still raising families.Would have lived, on average,
another 31 years.
20
Unintentional-Injury Deathsby Venue, U.S., 2004
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
Highway Home/Community Workplace
Nonworkers
Workers
Source: Injury Facts, 2005-2006 Ed.
21
Nonfatal Injuriesby Venue, U.S., 2004
0
5,000,000
10,000,000
15,000,000
20,000,000
Highway Home/Community Workplace
Nonworkers
Workers
Source: Injury Facts, 2005-2006 Ed.
22
Unintentional Injury Costsby Venue, U.S., 2004
$0
$50
$100
$150
$200
$250
Highway Home/Community Workplace
Billions
Nonworkers
Workers
Source: Injury Facts, 2005-2006 Ed.
23
The Off-the-Job Challenge
What are the priority safety issues?
24
Highway Venue
25
294 Million People at Risk
46,200 people killed in crashes 2.4 million disabling injuries$240.6 billion in costs to society
Source: Injury Facts, 2005-2006 Ed.
26
Motor-Vehicle Deaths
56% are Workers2,100
23,900
20,200 ON-the-jobOFF-the-jobOthers
Source: Injury Facts, 2005-2006 Ed.
27
Highway Safety Issues
Driver skills, attitudes & behaviors>60% of crashes
Alcohol16,700 alcohol-related deaths
Occupant protection>16,000 deaths of unrestrained
occupants
Note that there is some duplication among these categories.
28
Highway Safety Issues
Driver skills, attitudes & behaviorsAlcoholLack of occupant protectionLarge trucks –5,000 deaths
4,000 are occupants of other vehicles
Pedestrians – 5,900 deaths
29
Fatal Crashes per Million Vehicle-Miles
0
3
6
9
12
15
18
16 17 18 19 20- 25-30- 35- 40- 45- 50-55- 60- 65- 70-75- 80-85+
Age of Driver
Highway Safety Issues
Source: NHTSA Research Note. Crash Data and Rates for Age-Sex Groups of Drivers, 1996. January 1998.
Young Drivers
Elderly Drivers
30
Home & Community Venue
31
Home & Community Venue
62,100 deaths17,200,000 disabling injuries$212.4 billion107 million households
Source: Injury Facts, 2005-2006 Ed., and US Census Bureau
32
Home & Community Deaths
33% are Workers
41,900
20,200
WorkersNon-workers
Source: Injury Facts, 2005-2006 Ed.
33
Home & Community Deaths
0
4,000
8,000
12,000
16,000
20,000
Falls Poisoning Choking* Drowning Fire
Age 65+Age 15-64Age 0-14
*Inhalation or ingestion of food or object.Source: Injury Facts, 2005-2006 Ed.
34
Risk Factors – Falls
Age – young, oldCoordinationResistance to injury
Environmental conditionsHard surfacesSlippery surfaces, footwearUnstable walking/working surfacesUnguarded heights
35
Risk Factors – Poisoning
Accessibility of substancesOverdose or improper use of
medicationsTaking with alcoholUse of illegal drugs
36
Risk Factors – Drowning
Falling into waterUnable to swimHypothermiaExhaustionWater speed and depth
37
Risk Factors – Choking
Alcohol useDenturesProblems chewing/swallowingSmall parts, food pieces
38
Risk Factors – Fires
Lack of working smoke detectorsImproper use of smoking materialsUnattended cookingFaulty heating equipmentAge – young, old
39
Risk Factors – Burns
Domestic hot waterHot objects, steamFlammable fabricsAlcohol use
40
Where the Nation Is Today
41
Venue Trends
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004
Workplace
Death Rate Indexes (1992=100)Workplace death rate* down 17%.
Source: Injury Facts, 2005-2006 Ed. *Deaths per 100,000 workers.
42
Venue Trends
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004
HighwayWorkplace
Death Rate Indexes (1992=100) Highway death rate* down 14%.
Source: Injury Facts, 2005-2006 Ed. *Deaths per 100,000,000 VMT.
43
Venue Trends
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004
Home &CommunityHighway
Workplace
Death Rate Indexes (1992=100)Home & Community death rate* up 26%.
Source: Injury Facts, 2005-2006 Ed. *Deaths per 100,000 population.
44
Where the Nation Is Today
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004
Home &CommunityHighway
Workplace
Total
Death Rate Indexes (1992=100) Total U-I death rate* up 11%.
Source: Injury Facts, 2005-2006 Ed. * Deaths per 100,000 population.
45
Off-the-Job Injuries:What’s the situation in [insert your company
name]?
46
Insert new slides here to present data on OTJ injuries
in your own company.
Follow the examples of slides used for national data earlier in the presentation
or make up new slides.
47
Lost workday case incidence rate - On the job injury
# LWD cases x 200,000LWDCI Rate =
# Employees hours worked
LWD cases – workplace injuries resulting in lost or restricted work activity in one yearEmployee hours worked - total number of hours worked by all employees in one year200,000 – equivalent of 100 full-time employees working 40 hours/week, 50 weeks/year
48
Lost workday case incidence rate – OTJ injury
# LWD-OTJ cases x 200,000LWDCI-OTJ Rate =
# Employees x 3,744
LWD-OTJ cases – off-the-job injuries resulting in lost or restricted work activity in one year200,000 – equivalent of 100 full-time employees working 40 hours/week, 50 weeks/year3,744 – nonwork exposure hours per year per employee
49
Who Should Care?
50
Employer Costs per Employee
Occupational injuries – $1,896Off-the-job injuries – $756Total on- and off-the-job – $2,65229% is off-the-job costs
Source: Miller, T.R. (1997). JSR, 28(1), 1-13.Adjusted to 2005 dollars.
51
Employer Costs, cont’d.
IncludesMedical paymentsWage replacementOther administrative & legal costsTax paymentsMV 3rd party liabilityDisruption and lost productionWage premiums for risky work
52
Affect on Workers’and Their Families
53
All Accidental Deaths: 44% are Workers
Workers
Highway(Non-Work)
Home & Communit
y
Workplace(Hwy + non-Hwy)
Source: National Safety Council estimates.
54
All Accidental Deaths: 59% are Workers or Their Family Members
Workers:
Highway(Non-Work)
Home & Communit
y
Workplace(Hwy + non-Hwy)
Workers’ spouses& children:
Source: National Safety Council estimates.
55
Who Should Care?
56
Help workers stay as safeoff-the-job as they are
on-the-job!
Corporate America Should Care!
57
Help our workers stay as safe
off-the-job as they areon-the-job!
[insert your company name] Should Care!
Technical notes, definitions, & references(Delete this slide; not part of the presentation)
Definitions (See also the Glossary in Injury Facts®.)
Disabling injury – an injury causing death, permanent disability, or any degree of temporary total disability beyond the day of the injury. Disabling injuries are not reported on a national basis, so the totals shown are approximations based on ratios of disabling injuries to deaths developed by the National Safety Council.
Non-workers – children, persons keeping house full time, retirees, the unemployed, and other persons not in the labor force.
Non-work injuries – injuries that are not “on-the-job (occupational) injuries”. Such injuries may involve workers or non-workers. Off-the-job injury – an unintentional non-work-related injury to individuals employed on a full-time or part-time basis. This category excludes children, persons keeping house full time, retirees, the unemployed, and other persons not in the labor force.
On the job (occupational) injury – an unintentional injury resulting from a work-related accident or from a single instantaneous exposure in the work environment.
Societal costs – total cost of unintentional injury in the United States, including wage and productivity losses, medical expenses, administrative expenses, motor-vehicle damage, employer costs, and fire losses. These costs may be borne by the injured worker and his/her family, the worker’s employer, insurance companies, or government (taxpayers).
Workers – all persons gainfully employed, including owners, managers, other paid employees, the self-employed, and unpaid family workers but excluding private household workers.
Technical notes
Slide 18. The height of the blue bars represents the average age at which people die from each cause. The height of the green bars represents the average additional years of life remaining for a person who lives to the age represented by the blue bar.
Slides 34-39. These lists of risk factors are not comprehensive. These are the most common risk factors mentioned in the literature.
Slides 41-44 show the trends in death rates for total unintentional-injuries and the three venues using index numbers. The indexes are based on 1992 rates because that was the year that the Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries was adopted for the Work venue final count. The index number for a given year is found by dividing the rate for that year by the rate for 1992 and multiplying by 100. The Motor Vehicle rate is deaths per 100 million vehicle-miles. The Work rate is deaths per 100,000 workers. The Home and Community rate and Total U-I rate are deaths per 100,000 population. Indexes less than 100 indicate improvement since 1992. Historical death rates may be found in Injury Facts®.
Slides 47-48 show the formulas used to calculate comparable on-the-job and off-the-job injury incidence rates. You may either keep these slides in the presentation to show how the rates are calculated, or remove them (delete or hide) if you think they may not be appropriate for your audience.
References
National Safety Council. (2006). Injury Facts, 2005-2006 Edition. Itasca, IL: Author.
Miller, T.R. (1997). Estimating the costs of injury to U.S. employers. Journal of Safety Research, 28(1), 1-13.
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