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1. Introduction to SODIS2. Brief on Kibera Project3. Ideas on Scaling-up
Expanding access through• community groups• scaling up
Catherine Mwango, KWAHOMartin Wegelin, Eawag/Sandec
SODIS Application
CleanPET Bottles
Fill Bottlespartly to 3/4
Aerate the Waterthrough Shaking
Fill Bottlescompletely
Expose Bottlesto Sunlight
Exposure on Roofsare adequate
Expose the Bottlesfor 6 Hours
Drink the Waterfrom the Bottles
How does SODIS work ?
• plastic bottles are filled with contaminated waterand exposed to sunlight for 6 hours
• sunlight disinfects the water through two effects:
- radiation in the UV-A spectrum- increase of water temperature
• water temperature can riseto 50 0C and more
• Faecal coliforms are reduced by 3 - 4 log (99.9 % reduction)
• Informal settlement• 7 km SW of Nairobi City Centre• 700,000 inhabitants• 235 hectares
Kibera Slum, Nairobi
SODIS ProjectKibera Slum, NairobiLocal Partner: KWAHO(Kenya Water for Health Organisation)Project Target: 20‘000 householdsProject Duration: 1 year (2004/05)
Results• 11 SODIS promoters trained• 19‘500 household in SODIS trained• 16‘760 households SODIS users• 3 schools, 2‘400 students trained • 78‘000 bottles in use• all water analysis free of E.coli
Year (Duration)
Slum villages
Target households
Households trained on SODIS
Regular SODIS Households
March 2004- Apr 2005(12 months)
Kibera Makina
20,0000 19,500 16,760
June 2005 – July 2006(12 months)
Kibera Mashimoni
30,000 30,135 25,524
Aug 2005 – Aug 2006 (12 months)
Mukuru 10,000 9,834 8,226
Aug-Oct 2006 (3 months)
Kibera Mashimoni
5,000 4,723 3,428
3 years: total 65’000 64’192 53’938 households84% acceptance
SODIS Project Kibera Slum, NairobiProject Phases and Targets
SODIS Project Kibera Slum, NairobiWater Quality Analysis (E.coli)
78
32
4
6
8
13
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
none up to 10 between11 & 50
between51 & 100
between101 & 200
between201 & 300
between301 & 500
more than501
CFU/100ml
Num
ber o
f sam
p
Raw Water inHouseholds
51 samples
0 0
2
11
2
3
7
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
none up to 10 between11 & 50
between51 & 100
between101 & 200
between201 & 300
between301 & 500
more than501
CFU/100ml
Num
ber
of s
amp
Water fromWater Kiosks
16 samples
0 0 0
28
2 2 21
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
none up to 10 between 11 & 50
between 51 & 100
between 101 & 200
between 201 & 300
between 301 & 500
more than501
CFU/100ml
Num
ber o
f sam
p
SODISWater
35 samples
Water Sample
> 50E.Coli/100 ml
% of totalSamples
Household 33 65Water Kiosk 4 25
SODIS 3 9
Comparison
SODIS non-user SODIS user Total
No diarrhoea incidence
raw water consumption: 7no raw water consumption: 40
raw water consumption: 3no raw water consumption: 287
raw.: 10no raw.: 327
Frequency 47 290 337% within SODIS variable
30.3% 84.1% 67.4%
Diarrhoea incidence
raw water consumption: 86no raw water consumption: 22
raw water consumption: 17no raw water consumption: 38
raw.: 103no raw.: 60
Frequency 108 55 163
% within SODIS variable
69.7% 15.9% 32.6%
Totalraw water consumption: 93
no raw water consumption: 62raw water consumption: 20
no raw water consumption: 325raw.: 113
no raw.: 387
Frequency 155 345 500
% within SODIS variable
100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Substantial reductionof the diarrhoea rate
SODIS Project Kibera Slum, NairobiHealth Impact Study
Monitoring:• 500 households
(selected at random in anarea with 20’000 households)
• 717 children(below 5 years)
SODIS: a self-promoting technology ? No !
the problem:how can the SODIS idea reach the people ?
Promotion and Implementation
the reality:people need information for which they cannot paythe approach:promotion of SODIS through non-profit organisations(NGOs, Aid Agencies, Governments)
SODIS is a “zero cost technology”
this is along-termprocess
SODIS promotion requires• awareness building on health issues• change of habits in water handling
Successful Partnership
Ministry of Healthstrong will for cooperation
Women‘s organisationtrust in the communities
Teachers and studentsenthusiasm about SODIS
People’s interestin water treatment
SODIS Worldwide Used• in more than 20 countries• by more than 2 million people
- new strategies
• Meeting the MDG requires
- new technologies
The Millennium Development Goal (MDG)
• half the number of people not having access to safe water by 2015
• means to provide safe water to approx.1 million additional people every week
household centred approaches
appropriate water treatment
Scaling-up for increased inputs We need- additional partners- additional projects- additional funds
NGOsGovernment
SlumsVillages
$
The Need
Safe
Wat
er
Our Input
safe waterfor 1 millionmore peopleeach week
We need- additional …. ?or new ……..Need for a paradigm-shift
Scaling-up for increased inputs We need new approaches, strategies and policies
• HWTS as business
• HWTS as common practice
MarketingProducts
involve private sector
• HWTS as a life styleinvolve personalities as Ambassadors
Lady Di1961-97
ownership from user upto Government level
Sustainable Household Water Management
needs to• create awareness on health aspects• achieve behaviour changes
Education (software)
• reliable and affordable provision ofequipment and/or consumables
Supply (hardware)
Asante Sana Thank you very much!
Catherine Mwango, Executive DirectorKENYA WATER FOR HEALTH ORGANISATION (KWAHO)
kwaho@wananchi.com, www.kwaho.org
Martin Wegelin, Programme OfficerSWISS FEDERAL INSTITUTE OF AQUATIC SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY (Eawag)wegelin@eawag.ch, www.sodis.ch
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