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Chapter 35 Chapter 35
• Characteristics of mammals
– What is a Mammal?
– Mouth parts - Brain parts
• Origins of Mammals
• Diversity of Mammals• Assignments/ Test alternatives
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Characteristics of MammalsCharacteristics of Mammals
1. Mammals have hair
2. Mammals cool off
3. Mammals have a diaphragm
4. Adaptations for getting and eating food
5. Mammals nurse their young
6. Mammals are very intelligent
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1. Mammals have HAIR1. Mammals have HAIR
• Thought to have evolved from scales• Provide insulation• Provide waterproofing• Other functions:
-Camouflage
-Mating behaviors
- predators Protections
- nails / claws
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2. How mammals cool off2. How mammals cool off
• Adaptations that aid in cooling
– panting
– sweat glands
– behaviors
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3. Mammals have a diaphragm3. Mammals have a diaphragm• Require a high level of energy for
heating/cooling, locomotion and brain activity
• Diaphragm ( sheet of muscle under lungs separating visceral cavity and pericardial cavity
• breathing volumes controls animal activity
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4. Adaptations for eating4. Adaptations for eating
• Teeth type to match food
• incisors ( cutting)
• molars ( crushing / grinding)
• canine ( tearing / ripping)
• Cud chewing ( re-chewing food)
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5. Mammals nurse their young5. Mammals nurse their young
• Guard their young
• feed their young (Mammary Glands)
• Fewer offspring required
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6. Mammals are intelligent6. Mammals are intelligent
• Highly complex nervous system
• Well develop brain
• larger cerebrum ( intelligence)
• larger cerebellum ( better muscle coordination )
• larger brain mass ( more of everything)
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Mammal Brain =22276-300Mammal Brain =22276-300
• multiple intelligence
• 1. intelligence of verbal language
• 2. intelligence of music,
• 3. intelligence of logic mathematics
• 4. intelligence relating to space
• 5. intelligence of the bodily- kinetic
• 6. intelligences of the personal mind
• 7.intelligences of personal surroundings.
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Brain partsBrain parts
Pituatary
Medulla
Cerebellum
Cerebrum
Thalamus
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Size of Brain facts:Size of Brain facts:• Brain weight Body weight Brain weight
• (gram) (as % of body weigh• Man 1500 2.1
• Bottlenose dolphin 1600 0.94• Dolphin 840 0.74• Asian elephant 7500 0.15• Killer whale 5620 0.094• Cow 500 0.1• Sperm whale 7820 0.021• Fin whale 6930 0.008• Mouse 0,4 3.2
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Brain parts ImagesBrain parts Images
• PET scan 48792
• left/right brain functions=48490
• Brain Tumors=48539
• gross picture showing electrobes=48495
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Mouth adaptationsMouth adaptations
• Rat =22213-14
• rabbit=22215-18
• cat= 22219-21
• seal=22224
• tiger=22225
• leopard=22226
• bear=22227-28
•Dog=22229-31•Horse=22232-33•antelope=22234•whale=22236-43•babooon=22248•chimpanzee=22256•human=22267-69
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Origin of MammalsOrigin of Mammals
• First true mammal appeared 200 Million years ago - Therapsids
• Extinction of dinosaur and change in climate opened up a new niche for mammals
• They became fast running grazers.
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Diversity of MammalaDiversity of Mammala
• Mammals are classified by their method of reproducing
• egg layers
• Pouched mammals
• placenta mammals
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Egg layersEgg layers
• Duck billed Platapus
• Ant eaters
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Pouched mammalsPouched mammals
• Embryo crawl out of uterus and move into a pouch where they attach to a nipple and continue to develop
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Opossum feedingOpossum feeding
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Placenta MammalsPlacenta Mammals
• Order Insectivora
• Order Chiroptera
• Order Edentata
• Order Lagomorpha
• Order Rodentia
• Order Primate
• Order Cetacea
•Order Carnivora
•Order Pinnipedia
•Order Proboscidea
•Order Perissadactyla
•Order Artiodactyla
•Order Sirenia
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Order InsectivoraOrder Insectivora
• Small mammals that feed on insects-
• Shrew is an example
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Order ChiropteraOrder Chiroptera
• Flying mammals
• Have skin flaps between its legs and arms
• Bats
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Order EdentataOrder Edentata
• Strong arms with claws for digging
• Anteaters, Armadillo and tree sloths
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Order LagomorphaOrder Lagomorpha
• Hopping mammals ( bones fused in hip area
• Plant /grain eaters
• Rabbits, Pikas
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Order RodentiaOrder Rodentia
• Continuously growing razor sharp teeth
• gnawing animals
• rats, mice, beavers, porcupines and chipmunks
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Order PrimateOrder Primate
• Keen intelligence
– lemur like
– monkey like
– human like
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Order CetaceaOrder Cetacea
• Have fins for limbs
• blowhole to breaths
• whales and dolphins
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Order CarnivoraOrder Carnivora
• Have long pointed canine and incisors
• dogs/cats
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Order PinnipediaOrder Pinnipedia
• Water dwelling
• fins for limbs that can also be used on lands for legs
• seals, sea lions and walruses
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Order ProboscideaOrder Proboscidea
• Have a long flexible trunk
• Include elephants
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Order PerissadactylaOrder Perissadactyla• Odd number
of toes
• toenails modified into hoof
• Molars for grinding.
Rhinoceroses, Tapirs, Horses, Asses & Zebras
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Order ArtiodactylaOrder Artiodactyla• Even toed mammals
• multiples stomach
• vegetarians
• Hippo, cows, and Tapir
buffalo, Cattle, Bison, Antelope, Sheep, Goats, Goat-Antelopes, Deer, Musk Deer, Camels & Llamas, Giraffe, Hippos, Pigs, (pigs & peccaries are omnivores)
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Order SireniaOrder Sirenia
• Large tail and front flippers
• snout points downward
• manatees, sea cows
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Assignment 1Assignment 1
• Create a five line poem
– line 1 name of animal
– line 2 describes what animal looks, feels, or sounds like
– line 3 three words that tells how it moves
– line 4 four words that tell a thought about the animal
– line 5 name of animal
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Assignment 2 - 100 wordsAssignment 2 - 100 words
• Write a paragraph speculating why there are fewer big mammals than small mammals. (100 words minimum)
Or
• Pick a mammal as a pet and describe what you would have to provide for it to exist. ( No Cat or dogs allowed)
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Alternative Test: 1 Alternative Test: 1
• Report over a mammal that includes;
– external/ internal structures
– Habitat
– Behaviors
– Any special adaptations
– Bibliography of sources ( at least 4)
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Alternative test: 2Alternative test: 2
• Class presentation• 15 minute oral presentations with visual
aids– external/ internal structures– Habitat– Behaviors– Any special adaptations– Bibliography of sources ( at least 4)
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Alternative Test: 3Alternative Test: 3
• Computer presentations that includes all the following information:
– external/ internal structures
– Habitat
– Behaviors
– Any special adaptations
– Bibliography of sources ( at least 4)
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