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Chapter 35 Chapter 35

• Characteristics of mammals

– What is a Mammal?

– Mouth parts - Brain parts

• Origins of Mammals

• Diversity of Mammals• Assignments/ Test alternatives

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Characteristics of MammalsCharacteristics of Mammals

1. Mammals have hair

2. Mammals cool off

3. Mammals have a diaphragm

4. Adaptations for getting and eating food

5. Mammals nurse their young

6. Mammals are very intelligent

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1. Mammals have HAIR1. Mammals have HAIR

• Thought to have evolved from scales• Provide insulation• Provide waterproofing• Other functions:

-Camouflage

-Mating behaviors

- predators Protections

- nails / claws

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2. How mammals cool off2. How mammals cool off

• Adaptations that aid in cooling

– panting

– sweat glands

– behaviors

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3. Mammals have a diaphragm3. Mammals have a diaphragm• Require a high level of energy for

heating/cooling, locomotion and brain activity

• Diaphragm ( sheet of muscle under lungs separating visceral cavity and pericardial cavity

• breathing volumes controls animal activity

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4. Adaptations for eating4. Adaptations for eating

• Teeth type to match food

• incisors ( cutting)

• molars ( crushing / grinding)

• canine ( tearing / ripping)

• Cud chewing ( re-chewing food)

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5. Mammals nurse their young5. Mammals nurse their young

• Guard their young

• feed their young (Mammary Glands)

• Fewer offspring required

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6. Mammals are intelligent6. Mammals are intelligent

• Highly complex nervous system

• Well develop brain

• larger cerebrum ( intelligence)

• larger cerebellum ( better muscle coordination )

• larger brain mass ( more of everything)

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Mammal Brain =22276-300Mammal Brain =22276-300

• multiple intelligence

• 1. intelligence of verbal language

• 2. intelligence of music,

• 3. intelligence of logic mathematics

• 4. intelligence relating to space

• 5. intelligence of the bodily- kinetic

• 6. intelligences of the personal mind

• 7.intelligences of personal surroundings.

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Brain partsBrain parts

Pituatary

Medulla

Cerebellum

Cerebrum

Thalamus

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Size of Brain facts:Size of Brain facts:• Brain weight Body weight Brain weight

• (gram) (as % of body weigh• Man 1500 2.1

• Bottlenose dolphin 1600 0.94• Dolphin 840 0.74• Asian elephant 7500 0.15• Killer whale 5620 0.094• Cow 500 0.1• Sperm whale 7820 0.021• Fin whale 6930 0.008• Mouse 0,4 3.2

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Brain parts ImagesBrain parts Images

• PET scan 48792

• left/right brain functions=48490

• Brain Tumors=48539

• gross picture showing electrobes=48495

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Mouth adaptationsMouth adaptations

• Rat =22213-14

• rabbit=22215-18

• cat= 22219-21

• seal=22224

• tiger=22225

• leopard=22226

• bear=22227-28

•Dog=22229-31•Horse=22232-33•antelope=22234•whale=22236-43•babooon=22248•chimpanzee=22256•human=22267-69

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Origin of MammalsOrigin of Mammals

• First true mammal appeared 200 Million years ago - Therapsids

• Extinction of dinosaur and change in climate opened up a new niche for mammals

• They became fast running grazers.

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Diversity of MammalaDiversity of Mammala

• Mammals are classified by their method of reproducing

• egg layers

• Pouched mammals

• placenta mammals

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Egg layersEgg layers

• Duck billed Platapus

• Ant eaters

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Pouched mammalsPouched mammals

• Embryo crawl out of uterus and move into a pouch where they attach to a nipple and continue to develop

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Opossum feedingOpossum feeding

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Placenta MammalsPlacenta Mammals

• Order Insectivora

• Order Chiroptera

• Order Edentata

• Order Lagomorpha

• Order Rodentia

• Order Primate

• Order Cetacea

•Order Carnivora

•Order Pinnipedia

•Order Proboscidea

•Order Perissadactyla

•Order Artiodactyla

•Order Sirenia

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Order InsectivoraOrder Insectivora

• Small mammals that feed on insects-

• Shrew is an example

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Order ChiropteraOrder Chiroptera

• Flying mammals

• Have skin flaps between its legs and arms

• Bats

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Order EdentataOrder Edentata

• Strong arms with claws for digging

• Anteaters, Armadillo and tree sloths

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Order LagomorphaOrder Lagomorpha

• Hopping mammals ( bones fused in hip area

• Plant /grain eaters

• Rabbits, Pikas

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Order RodentiaOrder Rodentia

• Continuously growing razor sharp teeth

• gnawing animals

• rats, mice, beavers, porcupines and chipmunks

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Order PrimateOrder Primate

• Keen intelligence

– lemur like

– monkey like

– human like

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Order CetaceaOrder Cetacea

• Have fins for limbs

• blowhole to breaths

• whales and dolphins

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Order CarnivoraOrder Carnivora

• Have long pointed canine and incisors

• dogs/cats

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Order PinnipediaOrder Pinnipedia

• Water dwelling

• fins for limbs that can also be used on lands for legs

• seals, sea lions and walruses

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Order ProboscideaOrder Proboscidea

• Have a long flexible trunk

• Include elephants

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Order PerissadactylaOrder Perissadactyla• Odd number

of toes

• toenails modified into hoof

• Molars for grinding.

Rhinoceroses, Tapirs, Horses, Asses & Zebras

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Order ArtiodactylaOrder Artiodactyla• Even toed mammals

• multiples stomach

• vegetarians

• Hippo, cows, and Tapir

buffalo, Cattle, Bison, Antelope, Sheep, Goats, Goat-Antelopes, Deer, Musk Deer, Camels & Llamas, Giraffe, Hippos, Pigs, (pigs & peccaries are omnivores)

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Order SireniaOrder Sirenia

• Large tail and front flippers

• snout points downward

• manatees, sea cows

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Assignment 1Assignment 1

• Create a five line poem

– line 1 name of animal

– line 2 describes what animal looks, feels, or sounds like

– line 3 three words that tells how it moves

– line 4 four words that tell a thought about the animal

– line 5 name of animal

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Assignment 2 - 100 wordsAssignment 2 - 100 words

• Write a paragraph speculating why there are fewer big mammals than small mammals. (100 words minimum)

Or

• Pick a mammal as a pet and describe what you would have to provide for it to exist. ( No Cat or dogs allowed)

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Alternative Test: 1 Alternative Test: 1

• Report over a mammal that includes;

– external/ internal structures

– Habitat

– Behaviors

– Any special adaptations

– Bibliography of sources ( at least 4)

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Alternative test: 2Alternative test: 2

• Class presentation• 15 minute oral presentations with visual

aids– external/ internal structures– Habitat– Behaviors– Any special adaptations– Bibliography of sources ( at least 4)

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Alternative Test: 3Alternative Test: 3

• Computer presentations that includes all the following information:

– external/ internal structures

– Habitat

– Behaviors

– Any special adaptations

– Bibliography of sources ( at least 4)