#1 1607 Jamestown was founded: 1 st successful attempt at colonization

#1

1607

Jamestown was

founded: 1st successful attempt at

colonization

#2

1787

Constitution written

#3 Unalienabl

e Rights

Natural Rights: you

are born with them and they cannot be

taken away from you!

#4

Bering Strait Land

Bridge

Native American Indians

migrated to the Americas from Asia by crossing this

bridge.

#5

Fundamental Orders of Connecticu

t

One of the earliest forms of

representative

government in America.

#6

Thomas Paine

Wrote Common Sense to convince

colonists a break from Britain was necessary.

#7

Thomas Jefferson

Wrote DOI, 1st Secretary of

State, 2nd Vice President, 3rd

President, bought

Louisiana Purchase.

#8

Declaration of

Independence

Written in 1776 by Thomas

Jefferson, listed colonial

grievances against King George III.

#9

Benjamin Franklin

Helped convince

France to be our ally in the

American Revolution &

believed in the 1st amendment.

#10

3/5 Compromise

Solution for counting

slaves in the population for

taxes and representation.

#11

Mercantilism

It is the trading policy

Britain put into place for the

colonists. American Colonies

Mother Country

Raw Materials

Manufactured Goods

Britain’s goal was to control colonial trade

& to make money for

Britain.

#12

Proclamation of 1763

Order passed by King George

III said colonists could no longer settle

West of the Appalachian Mountains.

Britain claimed was for protecting

colonists from Native Americans. Many ignored law because they felt it was Britain’s

attempt to control them.

#13

Mayflower Compact

* Written in 1620 it set forth ideas of self government in the colonies saw the Compact as a way to bind themselves to agreed upon laws. * Was written aboard the Mayflower before the pilgrims landed at Plymouth and established a permanent settlement.* Became a basis for ideas in the US Constitution written in 1787.

#14

Triangular Trade

• A trading route with 3 stops.• The colonists would send rum

and iron to Africa where it would be traded for slaves and gold.

• The slaves would then be transported to the West Indies where they were traded for molasses and sugar.– Slaves were then sold at auction or

transported to the colonies to be sold there. These slaves were mostly used on plantations in the South.

• The molasses and sugar was then taken back to New England where it would be turned into rum and the pattern would start over again.

The Middle Passage was the 2nd leg of the trip (from Africa to

the West Indies. Slaves were subjected to

horrible conditions & many died.

#15

13 Colonies

Religion Economic Political

Massachusetts

New Hampshire

Rhode Island

Connecticut

Maryland

Pennsylvania

New York

New Jersey

Virginia

N. Carolina

S. Carolina

Georgia

Delaware

Reasons for the founding

of the Colonies

The 13 Colonies were located

along the Atlantic Ocean.

New England

Middle Southern

Fur

Trade

Lumbar

Fishing

Whaling

Shipping

“Bread-

basket Colonies”

(wheat, grain, iron, and dairy)

Plantation Agriculture

(cotton, rice,

tobacco, indigo and

sugar cane)

Economies of the

13 Colonies

#16

Road to Revolution (acts, taxes & policies)

SUGAR ACT 1763

• 11stst taxation without taxation without representationrepresentation!!

• Taxed imported sugar, molasses, Taxed imported sugar, molasses, and provided harsh punishments and provided harsh punishments for smuggling to avoid paying it.for smuggling to avoid paying it.

• CAUSES:CAUSES:– Britain needed money to pay debts Britain needed money to pay debts

from the French & Indian War.from the French & Indian War.

• EFFECTS:EFFECTS:– Colonists said Britain couldn’t tax Colonists said Britain couldn’t tax

them since they had no them since they had no representation in Parliament.representation in Parliament.• NO taxation without representation!!!NO taxation without representation!!!

– Upset merchants since it affected Upset merchants since it affected them the most.them the most.

TEAACT1773

• Gave British East India Co. control Gave British East India Co. control of tea trade and forced colonists to of tea trade and forced colonists to buy only this kind of tea. buy only this kind of tea.

• Before the new law, most tea was Before the new law, most tea was smuggled to get around paying smuggled to get around paying taxes and now everyone would have taxes and now everyone would have to pay.to pay.

• CAUSES:CAUSES:– Britain wanted money and to show Britain wanted money and to show

control over colonies.control over colonies.

• EFFECTS:EFFECTS:– Committees of Correspondence (Sam Committees of Correspondence (Sam

Adams forms groups to discuss Adams forms groups to discuss problem with Britain so no one forgets).problem with Britain so no one forgets).

– Boston Tea PartyBoston Tea Party

STAMPACT1765

• Taxed all paper, documents, Taxed all paper, documents, newspapers, books, playing newspapers, books, playing cards, wills, deeds to property… cards, wills, deeds to property… everything made from paper.everything made from paper.

• Required stamp on all Required stamp on all documents to prove tax was documents to prove tax was paid. paid. – Paid for with silver coins which Paid for with silver coins which

were rare and very hard for were rare and very hard for colonists to get.colonists to get.

– Taxed Taxed allall colonists since it wasn’t colonists since it wasn’t a tariff.a tariff.

Quartering Act

1765

• NOT A TAXNOT A TAX!!!! Required !!!! Required colonists to house troops in colonists to house troops in their homes and give them their homes and give them supplies.supplies.

• CAUSES:CAUSES:– Britain wanted troops to Britain wanted troops to keep keep

peace & enforce the Proclamation peace & enforce the Proclamation of 1763of 1763 but couldn’t pay because but couldn’t pay because of debts from the French & Indian of debts from the French & Indian War.War.

• EFFECTS:EFFECTS:– Outraged colonists that they had Outraged colonists that they had

to house and support troops they to house and support troops they did not want in their homes.did not want in their homes.

IntolerableAct

(Coercive Act)1774

• TO MAKE AN EXAMPLE out of TO MAKE AN EXAMPLE out of Massachusetts and warn other Massachusetts and warn other colonies.colonies.

• Closed the Port of Boston until Closed the Port of Boston until colonists paid for destroyed tea.colonists paid for destroyed tea.

• Got rid of many Committees of Got rid of many Committees of Correspondence.Correspondence.

• Let British officials accused of Let British officials accused of crimes stand trial in Britain.crimes stand trial in Britain.

• Let them house troops in colonies Let them house troops in colonies whenever and wherever they whenever and wherever they wanted to. wanted to.

• CAUSES: CAUSES: Boston Tea PartyBoston Tea Party• EFFECTS: EFFECTS: First Continental CongressFirst Continental Congress

#17

American Revolution

Date Battle Victor Significance

April

1775

Lexington/

Concord

L – British

C - America

1st battle

‘shot heard round the

world’

June

1775

Bunker

Hill

Britain Moral victory for US

Sept

1777

Saratoga America Turning point – France now

an ally

1781 Yorktown America Britain surrenders

4 Major Battles of the American Revolution

#18

Anti-Federalists

•Against ratification

•Wanted stronger states & more rights for people

•Insisted the BOR be added to the constitution (said it didn’t do enough to protect peoples rights)

#19

Marbury

v. Madison

(Judicial Review)

Significance:

• Allowed the Supreme Court to decide if a law passed by Congress is Unconstitutional

– Unconstitutional: if a law is made that says something that goes against something the constitution says, it is considered “unconstitutional.

• The Constitution is THE SUPREME LAW OF THE LAND so it must come before ANY OTHER LAWS!!!

• This power is called the principle of Judicial Review (the judges can review!)

#20

President George

Washington

Washington wanted the US to follow a foreign policy based on the principle of non-involvement in European affairs (avoid entangling alliances).

Trade was fine, but he wanted us to not get involved with anything happening across the ocean or we might get pulled into their problems.

Warned against creating political parties.

He felt that political parties would do nothing but split the people into factions (groups) against each other instead of everyone working for the good of the United States.

Warned against taxing the American people too heavily. He felt the people would not soon forget what Britain had done to the colonies with taxes and that we should be careful not to repeat the same mistakes.

Washington set many precedents

as President!

#21

Alexander Hamilton

1.Federalist – wrote many Federalist Papers

2.Believed the US should be Urban

3.Wanted strong Federal Government

4.1st Secretary of State

1.Wanted to create a National Bank

2.Pay off war debts (by using tariff revenues)

3.Raise money for the government by charging taxes.

#22

Creation of Political Parties

• Thomas Jefferson & the Democratic-Republicans-

– Believed in a LIMITED national government.

- Believed in a STRICT CONSTRUCTION (interpretation) of the Constitution.

• Thought the Constitution stated THE ONLY THINGS the government could do.

• According to the Democratic Republicans, the Constitution could not be “added to” on an as needed basis. If it was listed in the Constitution, the government had the power to do it but if it wasn’t, too bad.

• Alexander Hamilton & the Federalists-– Believed in a strong national

government – Believed in LOOSE

CONSTRUCTION (interpretation) of the Constitution.

• Thought the Constitution was just a base-line of powers given to the government.

• The government, according to federalists, could do more if it was necessary to run the government effectively.

• They also believed in the Elastic Clause

#23

Amending the

Constitution

2/3 Vote needed to propose an amendment.

3/4 Vote needed to ratify an amendment.

#24

War of 1812

Causes of the war with Britain

1. British support the Native Americans who are trying to oppose white settlement on their lands in the west.

2. British sailors kidnapped our merchants and ships and MADE them enter the British Navy!! (Impressment)

3. British interfere with American shipping and trade.

4. War blocked British goods from being imported

5. Many Americans called War Hawks wanted to kick Britain out of Canada so we could have that land

Effects of the war with Britain

1. Renewed patriotism and love for the USA!! (Star Spangled Banner!)

2. Weakened the Native American resistance once Britain was kicked out of the west.

3. Increase in American manufacturing because we started refusing to buy British goods and they were harder to get.

4. New Tariffs (protection of American industry by taxing imported goods)

5. Creation of canals and new roads to move troops and supplies during war and trade during peace time.

#25

Louisiana Purchase

Louisiana Purchase: 1803

• Purchased from France.

• Included most of the land in the central part of the US.

• Doubled the size of the nation!

• Gave the US complete access to the Mississippi River for trade

• Gave us control of the Port of New Orleans – allowed us to send stuff down the

Mississippi & right out to sea for trade -or-

– bring imported goods into the port from the sea and send it right up the Mississippi so that our people could have quick access to the goods!

• Western settlers who shipped goods through the Port of New Orleans benefitted MOST from this purchase!

#26

Great Compromise

• Virginia Plan:

– Big states wanted to be represented based on population.

• New Jersey Plan:

– Small states (like Delaware and Maryland) wanted one house legislature where every state had equal representation.

• Great Compromise Solved:

– bicameral (2 house) legislature

– In one house states are represented according to population (House of Representatives) This was modeled after the Virginia Plan.

– In the other, all states would have equal representation (Senate). This was modeled after the New Jersey Plan.