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Unified Project Management Methodology (UPMM) APPENDICES

APPENDICES

Unified Project Management Methodology (UPMM) APPENDICES

APPENDICES

APPENDICES A: Projects Failure Reasons And Recommendations

APPENDICES B: Ladies Medical Colleges Project (Case Study)

APPENDICES C: Questionnaire

Unified Project Management Methodology (UPMM) APPENDICES

Failure Reasons Recommendations Category

Contract duration is too short caused by:

- Unrealistic timeframe from client

- Poor or lack of planning (Estimating

and scheduling)

- Early involvement of all stakeholders

- Establish a comprehensive planning process

- Promoting a win-win culture between project

stakeholders

Project Related

Disputes between stakeholders caused by:

- Poor or lack of proper procurement

procedures

- Lack of stakeholders involvement

- Unrealistic terms and conditions

- Outdated contractual agreements

- A win – lose culture between

stakeholders

- Ineffective delay penalties

- Establish a comprehensive project

procurement process

- Involve stakeholders as early as possible

- Establish a clear project governance system

- Dynamic contractual agreements matching

real-time business environment

- Promoting a win-win culture between project

stakeholders

- Clear and agreed contractual terms and

conditions

Project Related

Inadequate definition of customer acceptance

criteria for final deliverable caused by:

- lack or poor customer acceptance

criteria for deliverables

- Poor scoping

- Poor requirement gathering

- Not involving customers and users at

early project planning stages

- Not involving customers and users in

decision making process during project

lifecycle

- Assuring customer and user agreement to

customer acceptance criteria at initial stages of

the project and during project lifecycle

- Establish a comprehensive scoping process

- Establish a comprehensive requirement

gathering process

- Involving customers and users in planning

process

- Including customers and users in project

decision making process (be part of project

board)

Project Related

APPENDICES A: Projects Failure Reasons And Recommendations:

Unified Project Management Methodology (UPMM) APPENDICES

Incorrect type of contracts (Turnkey,

construction only,…) caused by:

- Budget limitations

- Poor planning

- Lack of identification of different

solutions

- Inappropriate contractors

- Poor understanding of business

requirements

- Poor understanding of desired business

outcomes and benefits by project

stakeholders

- Establish a comprehensive procurement

process

- Establish a comprehensive planning process

- Establishing a process of exploring current and

available solutions in marketplace

- Establish a comprehensive supplier

management process

- Involving customers and users in planning and

decision making

- Establish a comprehensive scoping process

- Educating project stakeholders that projects

exist to serve business objectives rather than

project outputs

Project Related

Type of project bidding and award

(negotiation, lowest bidder) caused by:

- Focusing on financial aspects only

- Inexperienced tendering committees

- Lack of formal bid management process

- Understanding business value and the weight

of financial factor in the bidding process

- Appointing experienced and knowledgeable

committee members

- Establishing a comprehensive bid management

process

Project Related

Late or delay in payments by owner caused

by:

- Poorly managed project cash flow

- Poor invoicing process

- Poor sign-off process due to high

bureaucracy

- Lack of accountability

- Establish a comprehensive financial

management process

- Establish and communicate a comprehensive

procurement process

- Establish governance system to enforce

accountability

Ow

ner Related

Delay to hand-over work site to the

contractor by the owner caused by:

- Poor planning

- Poor prioritization

- Poor site preparation

- Establish planning process

- Clear identify the work dependencies

- Site preparation shall be a stage of project

management

Ow

ner Related

Unified Project Management Methodology (UPMM) APPENDICES

Change orders by owner during construction

caused by:

- Poor understanding business

requirements

- Poor scoping

- Poor planning

- Lack of change control

- Unmanaged scope creep

- Establish Clear Business Case

- Establish Scoping Process

- Establish Planning process

- Establish enforced change control process

- No changes without formal authorization

Ow

ner Related

Poor communication and coordination by

owner and other parties

- Establish Communication Strategy

- Clear understanding of stakeholders

Ow

ner

Related

Delayed project works caused by:

- Late in revising and approving design

documents by owner

- Delay in approving shop drawings and

sample materials

- Poor communication and coordination

by owner and other parties

- Slowness in decision making process by

owner

- Suspension of work by owner

- Enforcement of management controls

- Establish planning process

- Enforce contractual terms on owner

- Defined and agreed authorization process

- Establish communication strategy

Ow

ner Related

Conflicts between joint-ownership of the

project caused by:

- Unclear roles and responsibilities

- Lack agreed understating between joint-

ownership

- Early user involvement during project

initiation

- Clear understanding of stakeholders

responsibilities

- Clear delegation between accountability and

responsibility

- Defined Role descriptions

Ow

ner Related

Unified Project Management Methodology (UPMM) APPENDICES

Dis-encouragement for contractors to

improve project constraints (Time, Scope

and Cost) caused by:

- Unavailability of incentives for

contractor for finishing ahead of

schedule, less cost and better scope

- Lack of understanding of the

improvement advantage

- Establish a win-win environment between

project stakeholders

- Encourage ownership of activities between

stakeholders

- Establish an ongoing awareness about

continual improvement

Ow

ner Related

Difficulties in financing project by contractor

caused by:

- Project scope larger than to be handled

by the contractor

- Failing to acquire finance from banks

due to lack of guarantees

- No or limited advanced payments from

project owner

- Poor financial management

- Establish a strong transparent contractor

evaluation process

- Establish procurement process

- Establish contract management process

- Owners shall establish a realistic cash flow

policies

- Establish Financial management

Contractor R

elated

Conflicts in sub-contractors schedule in

execution of project caused by:

- Poor scheduling by both main and sub-

contractor

- Poor planning by both main and sub-

contractors

- Poor prioritization by both main and

sub-contractors

- Lack of communication between main

and sub-contractors

- Lack of coordination between main and

sub-contractor

- Establish planning process

- Enforce adoption of project management

methodologies by contractors and sub-

contractors

- Ensuring Prioritization is made based on need

and not financial compensation

- Establish a requirement gathering process

- Establish Communication Strategy

- Enforce transparency between stakeholders

Contractor R

elated

Unified Project Management Methodology (UPMM) APPENDICES

Rework due to errors during construction

caused by:

- Poor planning

- Poor specification within product

descriptions

- Incompetent workforce

- Low quality material

- Rushing work due to unrealistic

scheduling

- Rushing work for faster payments

- Poor quality control

- Lack of accountability

- Establish planning process

- Establish project scoping process

- Ensure project staff at all levels regularly

undertake training to increase competence

- Establish a quality process

- Ensure all project roles have defined role

descriptions and these are agreed between

relevant parties

Contractor R

elated

Conflicts between contractor and

stakeholders caused by:

- Poor site management and supervision

by contractor

- Poor communication and coordination

by contractor with stakeholders

- Ineffective planning and scheduling of

project by contractor

- Improper construction methods

implemented by contractor

- Delays in sub-contractors work

- Inadequate contractors work

- Frequent change of sub-contractors

because of their inefficient work

- Poor qualification of the contractors

technical staff

- Control project through management by

exception

- Establish Communication Strategy

- Clear understanding of stakeholders

- Establish planning process

- Establish project scoping process

- Establish a strong transparent contractor

evaluation process

- Establish procurement process

- Ensure project staff at all levels regularly

undertake training to increase competence

Contractor R

elated

Unified Project Management Methodology (UPMM) APPENDICES

Late site mobilization caused by:

- Incompetent contractor

- Government related reasons (labor visa,

work permits, ..)

- Limited access to worksite due reasons

out of contractor control

- No site mobilization process and

procedures

- Poor planning (specific mobilization

plan)

- Poor machinery management

(allocation and reallocation of

machinery)

- Establish a strong transparent contractor

evaluation process

- Establish procurement process

- Clear understanding of stakeholders

- Establish Communication Strategy

- Establish planning process

- Establish project scoping process

- Ensure project staff at all levels regularly

undertake training to increase competence

Contractor R

elated

Delayed project work caused by:

- Delayed inspection and testing by

consultant

- Late in reviewing and approving

construction documents by consultant

- Conflicts between consultant and

design engineer

- Inadequate experience of consultant

- Enforcement of management controls

- Establish planning process

- Enforce contractual terms on consultant

- Defined and agreed authorization process

- Ensure project staff at all levels regularly

undertake training to increase competence

Consultant R

elated

Delay in approving major changes in the

scope of work by consultant caused by:

- Poor construction documents

- Inflexibility (rigidity) of consultant

- Poor communication and coordination

between consultant and stakeholders

- Inadequate experience of consultant

- Establish planning process

- Establish Communication Strategy

- Establish a strong transparent contractor

evaluation process

- Establish procurement process

- Ensure project staff at all levels regularly

undertake training to increase competence

Consultant R

elated

Unified Project Management Methodology (UPMM) APPENDICES

Mistakes and discrepancies in design

documents caused by:

- Delays in producing design

construction documents

- Unclear and inadequate details in

drawings

- Complexity of project design

- Insufficient data collection and survey

before design

- Misunderstanding of owners

requirements by design engineer

- Inadequate design-team experience

- Using outdated engineering design

software

- Incompatible design technologies

- Establish planning process

- Enforcement of management controls

- Establish project scoping process

- Clear identify the work dependencies

- Establish a requirement gathering process

- Ensure project staff at all levels regularly

undertake training to increase competence

- Use of latest technology

- Establish standardization and Technology

compatibility

Design R

elated

Delay in material delivery caused by:

- Shortage of construction materials in

market

- Changes in material types and

specifications during construction

- Damage of stored material while they

are needed urgently

- Delay in manufacturing special building

materials

- Late procurement of materials

- Late in selection of finishing materials

due to availability of many types in

market

- Establish planning (Resource and Material

Planning)

- Establish Change control

- Establish a requirement gathering process

- Ensuring adequate Storage facilities

Material R

elated

Unified Project Management Methodology (UPMM) APPENDICES

Delay to project work caused by:

- Equipment breakdowns

- Shortage of equipment

- Low level of equipment-operators skill

- Low productivity and efficiency of

equipment

- Lack of high-technology mechanical

equipment

- Establishing a standard requirement and

specifications and maintenance procedures for

work equipment

- Establish Planning

- Ensure project staff at all levels regularly

undertake training to increase competence

Equipment R

elated

Delay to project work caused by:

- Shortage of labors

- Unqualified workforce

- Wage base selection of labor

- Nationality of labors

- Low productivity level of labors

- Personal conflicts among labors

- Accidents during construction

- Need for proper estimation and coordination

for the work force needed by MOL and other

government agencies

- Enforce a standard wage policy based on skills

and qualifications

- Ensure project staff at all levels regularly

undertake training to increase competence

- Educate contractors about average labor

productivity output

- Establish a strong HR process within project

team

- Establishing occupational health and safety

policies and procedures

Labor Related

Unified Project Management Methodology (UPMM) APPENDICES

Project work could be delayed by external

factors outside the control of project such as:

- Effects of subsurface conditions (e.g.,

soil, high water table, etc.)

- Delay in obtaining permits from

municipality

- Environmental effect on construction

activities (temperature, rain,

sandstorms,..)

- Lack or shortage of utilities in site (such

as, water, electricity, telephone, etc.)

- Effect of social and cultural factors

- Traffic control and restriction

- Changes in government regulations and

laws

- Ensure environmental factors are considered at

early stages of planning

- Owners must be accountable for pre-project

regulatory and environmental requirements.

- Ensure utility factors are considered at early

stages of planning

- Consider site access and security policies

during planning

- Establish security management process

- Establish an ongoing awareness of any

potential changes to government regulations

and laws and communicate these to all project

stakeholders

External

Unified Project Management Methodology (UPMM) APPENDICES

APPENDICES B: Ladies Medical Colleges Project

(Case Study)

لمملكة العربية السعودية باموقع منطقة القصيم تق��ع منطق��ة القص��يم في ش��مال المنطق��ة الوس��طى من المملك��ة العربي��ة

رض���ري ع�اً، ودائ�( شرق44ْ -َ 54ْ و41َ -�30ول )ط�السعودية ، بين خط�ي د المنطقة من الشمال منطقة������������االً ويح���������ْ ( شم27َ -15ْ و24َ -25)

حائ��ل ومن الجن��وب والش��رق منطق��ة الري��اض ومن الغ��رب منطق��ة المدين��ة متها اإلدارية مدينة بريدة وهي من أكبر وأهم الم��دن في�����������المنورة وعاص

المنطقة الوسطي شمال مدينة الرياض.

Unified Project Management Methodology (UPMM) APPENDICES

القصيم لجامعة العام الموقع

بمن بريدة مدينة من الغرب إلى الجامعة مقر /�������يقع المدينة بريدة طريق على المليدة طقةعن �������المن ويبعد حوال ����������ورة بعد ���ك 20ي �����ها وعلى مطار 4م شمال كم

وتح.�������القص األراض ������يم به جه �������يط من والم�������زارع الفض������اء الشم ���������ي ال�������ةج ��������والغ من أما الجن ����������رب وي ����������هة أرامكو شركة مس����تودعات فتق������ع قع���������وب

الج معس ��������على الطريق من اآلخر من �������������انب وم��طار الوط����ني الحرس طقة��������كريم. �����������القص

مستودعات شركةأرامكو

مزارع

مطار أقليم

ي

معسكرالحرسالوطن

ي

الجامعة

الكتلةالعمرانية لمدينة

إلىعنيزة

إلى المدينةالمنورة

إلىالزلفى

Unified Project Management Methodology (UPMM) APPENDICES

القصيم لجامعة العام الموقع

ال موقع مساحة حوالي ���������تبلغ يعادل 780جامعة ما أي 2م 7.800.000هكتار

Unified Project Management Methodology (UPMM) APPENDICES

نشاء محمع الكليات الصحية للطالبات بجامعة القصيمإ : اسم المشروع

عناصر المشروع :

كلية العلوم الطبية التطبيقية ............... طالبة-كلية طب األسنان ............ طالبة -كلية الصيدلة ..................... طالبة -كلية التمريض .............. طالبات -

\إسم اإلستشاري : مكتب رمز لإلستشارات الهندسية

....................ريالة : قيمة المشروع حسب خطاب الترسي

مدة المشروع :................

إسم المقاول:.......................................

الموقع العام لمجمع الكليات الصحية للطالبات

Unified Project Management Methodology (UPMM) APPENDICES

كلية الصيدلة ............... طالبة

لكل م�����������نها .2م�������ن ثالثة ادوار بمساحة ........... مكلية الصيدلة يتكون مبنى

Unified Project Management Methodology (UPMM) APPENDICES

كلية العلوم الطبية التطبقية ............... طالبة

لك��ل2م���������ن ثالث��ة ادوار بمس��احة ........... مكلية العلوم الطبية التطبقيDDة يتكون مبنى م�����������نها .

Unified Project Management Methodology (UPMM) APPENDICES

Unified Project Management Methodology (UPMM) APPENDICES

Unified Project Management Methodology (UPMM) APPENDICES

كلية التمريض ............... طالبة

لكل م�����������نها .2م�������ن ثالثة ادوار بمساحة ........... مكلية التمريض يتكون مبنى

Unified Project Management Methodology (UPMM) APPENDICES

كلية طب األسنان ............... طالبة

لكل م�����������نها .2م�������ن ثالثة ادوار بمساحة ........... مكلية طب األسنان يتكون مبنى

Unified Project Management Methodology (UPMM) APPENDICES

Unified Project Management Methodology (UPMM) APPENDICES

Unified Project Management Methodology (UPMM) APPENDICES

APPENDICES C: Questionnaire

أ ساليب جمع و تحليل المعلومات

أساليب جمع المعلوماتDATA GATHERING METHODS

 

مالحظة التغييرات الماديةOBSERVING PHYSICAL TRACES

و هي تعتمد على المالحظة المنظمة للبيئة المادية للعثور على آثار استخدام المكان سواء كانت هذه اآلثار متعمدة أو غير متعمدة. و من خالل هذه المالحظات يمكن تفسير كافة التغيرات التي تطرأ على المكان نتيجة

االستخدام و ما هي القرارات التي اتخذها المصمم و كيفية استخدام األفرادللمكان و كيف يقابل التصميم احتياجاتهم و ثقافتهم و متطلباتهم

معرفة كيف يستخدم األفراد المكان و يغيرون فيه          أهدافها:

بسيطة – غير مؤثرة على استخدام المكان أو األفراد – غير          مميزاتها: مكلفة – ال تتأثر بوجود الباحث

دياجرامات توضيحية – رسومات و اسكتشات – صور و          أدواتها: ساليدز – حصر أعداد و كميات

نتائج االستخدام – تعديالت – تعبيرات        اهتماماتها:

مراقبة استخدام الزوار لكراسي االنتظار بأحد المستشفيات             مثال:

OBSERVING ENVIRONMENTAL مالحظة السلوكيات البيئية BEHAVIOR

و هي تعتمد على المراقبة المنظمة لألفراد أو الجماعات أثناء استخدامهم للمكان و ما يفعلونه و كيف تتفاعل األنشطة الفراغية و كيف يؤثرون على

بعضهم البعض و كذلك كيف يساعد المكان أو يمنع سلوكيات معينة داخله والتأثيرات الجانبية لتصميم المكان على العالقات بين األفراد و المجموعات

معرفة كيف يتصرف األفراد داخل المكان          أهدافها:

مباشرة – ديناميكية متغيرة – تتأثر بوجود الباحث          مميزاتها:

Unified Project Management Methodology (UPMM) APPENDICES

مراقبات منتظمة – تدوين مالحظات – خرائط سلوكية – صور          أدواتها: و أفالم

الفاعل – الفعل – مع من – العالقات بين األفراد – الجو        اهتماماتها:المحيط – البيئة

سلوكيات األفراد أثناء استخدام أحد الفراغات             مثال:

أجراء مقابالت شخصيةFOCUSED INTERVIEWS

و تعتمد على إلقاء أسئلة بطريقة منظمة لمعرفة أفكار و أحاسيس و أسبابأفعال و معلومات و توقعات مستخدمي المكان و األفراد

معرفة كيف يفكر األفراد داخل المكان فيما يفعلونه و ما          أهدافها:حولهم

متعمقة – معرفة األسباب          مميزاتها:

أسئلة المقابلة          أدواتها:

تعريف الموقف – المشاعر – األفكار – النوايا        اهتماماتها:

سلوكيات أسباب إحداث األطفال لتلفيات بالمدارس             مثال:

استمارات االستبيانSTANDARDIZED QUESTIONNAIRES

و تستخدم الستكشاف أسباب متكررة بين مجموعة كبيرة من األفراد عن طريق مقارنة إجاباتهم على مجموعة من األسئلة المدونة في استمارة

استبيان. و يمكن إرسال استمارة االستبيان بالبريد أو عن طريق التليفون أوشخصيا عن طريق أشخاص مدربين

معرفة االتجاهات العامة و الفكر الجماعي          أهدافها:

شاملة – توضح التفكير العام          مميزاتها:

استمارة االستبيان – خرائط – رسومات – صور – العاب          أدواتها:

تعريف البيئة المادية – السلوكيات – ردود األفعال –        اهتماماتها:التغييرات المتعمدة

Unified Project Management Methodology (UPMM) APPENDICES

دراسة تهجير سكان أحد األحياء إلى حي جديد و تأثير ذلك             مثال:على انتمائهم و شخصيتهم

ARCHIVES  المخطوطات

يتم اللجوء إلى المخطوطات عند عمل دراسة تاريخية لتطور مفهوم معين أو الوقوف على منشأ ظاهرة بعينها. و تشمل المخطوطات الرسومات و

االسكتشات و الكتب القديمة و الجرائد و المجالت و الوثائق الحكومية والملفات اإلدارية

استخدام المعلومات المتاحة لصالح التقييم          أهدافها:

استغالل مصادر المعلومات المتاحة          مميزاتها:

ملفات تحليلية          أدواتها:

الكلمات المكررة – بداية و تطور األحداث        اهتماماتها:

ANALYSIS OF DATA أساليب تحليل المعلومات

QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS  تحليل كمي

يعتمد التحليل الكمي للمعلومات على األخذ في االعتبار عند تصميم خطة البحث الطريقة التي سوف يتم التعامل بها مع المعلومات. و التحليل الكمي

يبدأ من التحليل الكمي البسيط لألعداد و النسب المئوية إلى التحليلباستخدام علم اإلحصاء

QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS  تحليل كيفي

يعتمد التحليل الكيفي على اكتشاف أنماط محددة لردود األفعال و االستخدام و يعتمد اكتشاف تلك األنماط على تدريب الباحث على اكتشاف تلك األنماط و

متابعتها أثناء البحث.

إعداد خطط األبحاث

Unified Project Management Methodology (UPMM) APPENDICES

تتكون خطط أبحاث تقييم المشروعات من األجزاء األساسية التالية

PROBLEM STATEMENTتحديد مشكلة أو نقطة البحث

RESEARCH APPROACHتحديد اتجاه و طريقة البحث للوصول إلى المعلومات AND METHOD

DATA GATHERING TECHNIQUES تحديد أسلوب جمع المعلومات

ANALYSIS OF DATAتحديد أسلوب تحليل المعلومات

نوع النتائج المتوقعة و فائدتها للمخطط و المصمم و متخذي القرارUSEFULNESS OF RESULTS

ويتم استعراض نتائج أبحاث تقييم المشروعات على النحو التالي

PROBLEM STATEMENTالتعريف بمشكلة أو نقطة البحث

RESEARCHشرح اتجاه و طريقة البحث و كيفية الوصول الى المعلومات APPROACH AND METHOD

DATA GATHERING TECHNIQUESشرح أسلوب جمع المعلومات و استعراضها

ANALYSIS OF DATA شرح أسلوب تحليل المعلومات و تصنيفها

CONCLUSIONSنتائج و توصيات البحث للمخطط و المصمم و متخذي القرار AND RESULTS

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