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Unified Project Management Methodology (UPMM) APPENDICES APPENDICES

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Page 1: 017  appendices

Unified Project Management Methodology (UPMM) APPENDICES

APPENDICES

Page 2: 017  appendices

Unified Project Management Methodology (UPMM) APPENDICES

APPENDICES

APPENDICES A: Projects Failure Reasons And Recommendations

APPENDICES B: Ladies Medical Colleges Project (Case Study)

APPENDICES C: Questionnaire

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Unified Project Management Methodology (UPMM) APPENDICES

Failure Reasons Recommendations Category

Contract duration is too short caused by:

- Unrealistic timeframe from client

- Poor or lack of planning (Estimating

and scheduling)

- Early involvement of all stakeholders

- Establish a comprehensive planning process

- Promoting a win-win culture between project

stakeholders

Project R

elated

Disputes between stakeholders caused by:

- Poor or lack of proper procurement

procedures

- Lack of stakeholders involvement

- Unrealistic terms and conditions

- Outdated contractual agreements

- A win – lose culture between

stakeholders

- Ineffective delay penalties

- Establish a comprehensive project

procurement process

- Involve stakeholders as early as possible

- Establish a clear project governance system

- Dynamic contractual agreements matching

real-time business environment

- Promoting a win-win culture between project

stakeholders

- Clear and agreed contractual terms and

conditions

Project R

elated

Inadequate definition of customer acceptance

criteria for final deliverable caused by:

- lack or poor customer acceptance

criteria for deliverables

- Poor scoping

- Poor requirement gathering

- Not involving customers and users at

early project planning stages

- Not involving customers and users in

decision making process during project

lifecycle

- Assuring customer and user agreement to

customer acceptance criteria at initial stages of

the project and during project lifecycle

- Establish a comprehensive scoping process

- Establish a comprehensive requirement

gathering process

- Involving customers and users in planning

process

- Including customers and users in project

decision making process (be part of project

board)

Project R

elated

APPENDICES A: Projects Failure Reasons And Recommendations:

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Unified Project Management Methodology (UPMM) APPENDICES

Incorrect type of contracts (Turnkey,

construction only,…) caused by:

- Budget limitations

- Poor planning

- Lack of identification of different

solutions

- Inappropriate contractors

- Poor understanding of business

requirements

- Poor understanding of desired business

outcomes and benefits by project

stakeholders

- Establish a comprehensive procurement

process

- Establish a comprehensive planning process

- Establishing a process of exploring current and

available solutions in marketplace

- Establish a comprehensive supplier

management process

- Involving customers and users in planning and

decision making

- Establish a comprehensive scoping process

- Educating project stakeholders that projects

exist to serve business objectives rather than

project outputs

Project R

elated

Type of project bidding and award

(negotiation, lowest bidder) caused by:

- Focusing on financial aspects only

- Inexperienced tendering committees

- Lack of formal bid management process

- Understanding business value and the weight

of financial factor in the bidding process

- Appointing experienced and knowledgeable

committee members

- Establishing a comprehensive bid management

process

Project R

elated

Late or delay in payments by owner caused

by:

- Poorly managed project cash flow

- Poor invoicing process

- Poor sign-off process due to high

bureaucracy

- Lack of accountability

- Establish a comprehensive financial

management process

- Establish and communicate a comprehensive

procurement process

- Establish governance system to enforce

accountability

Ow

ner Related

Delay to hand-over work site to the

contractor by the owner caused by:

- Poor planning

- Poor prioritization

- Poor site preparation

- Establish planning process

- Clear identify the work dependencies

- Site preparation shall be a stage of project

management

Ow

ner Related

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Unified Project Management Methodology (UPMM) APPENDICES

Change orders by owner during construction

caused by:

- Poor understanding business

requirements

- Poor scoping

- Poor planning

- Lack of change control

- Unmanaged scope creep

- Establish Clear Business Case

- Establish Scoping Process

- Establish Planning process

- Establish enforced change control process

- No changes without formal authorization

Ow

ner Related

Poor communication and coordination by

owner and other parties

- Establish Communication Strategy

- Clear understanding of stakeholders

Ow

ner

Related

Delayed project works caused by:

- Late in revising and approving design

documents by owner

- Delay in approving shop drawings and

sample materials

- Poor communication and coordination

by owner and other parties

- Slowness in decision making process by

owner

- Suspension of work by owner

- Enforcement of management controls

- Establish planning process

- Enforce contractual terms on owner

- Defined and agreed authorization process

- Establish communication strategy

Ow

ner Related

Conflicts between joint-ownership of the

project caused by:

- Unclear roles and responsibilities

- Lack agreed understating between joint-

ownership

- Early user involvement during project

initiation

- Clear understanding of stakeholders

responsibilities

- Clear delegation between accountability and

responsibility

- Defined Role descriptions

Ow

ner Related

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Dis-encouragement for contractors to

improve project constraints (Time, Scope

and Cost) caused by:

- Unavailability of incentives for

contractor for finishing ahead of

schedule, less cost and better scope

- Lack of understanding of the

improvement advantage

- Establish a win-win environment between

project stakeholders

- Encourage ownership of activities between

stakeholders

- Establish an ongoing awareness about

continual improvement

Ow

ner Related

Difficulties in financing project by contractor

caused by:

- Project scope larger than to be handled

by the contractor

- Failing to acquire finance from banks

due to lack of guarantees

- No or limited advanced payments from

project owner

- Poor financial management

- Establish a strong transparent contractor

evaluation process

- Establish procurement process

- Establish contract management process

- Owners shall establish a realistic cash flow

policies

- Establish Financial management

Contractor R

elated

Conflicts in sub-contractors schedule in

execution of project caused by:

- Poor scheduling by both main and sub-

contractor

- Poor planning by both main and sub-

contractors

- Poor prioritization by both main and

sub-contractors

- Lack of communication between main

and sub-contractors

- Lack of coordination between main and

sub-contractor

- Establish planning process

- Enforce adoption of project management

methodologies by contractors and sub-

contractors

- Ensuring Prioritization is made based on need

and not financial compensation

- Establish a requirement gathering process

- Establish Communication Strategy

- Enforce transparency between stakeholders

Contractor R

elated

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Unified Project Management Methodology (UPMM) APPENDICES

Rework due to errors during construction

caused by:

- Poor planning

- Poor specification within product

descriptions

- Incompetent workforce

- Low quality material

- Rushing work due to unrealistic

scheduling

- Rushing work for faster payments

- Poor quality control

- Lack of accountability

- Establish planning process

- Establish project scoping process

- Ensure project staff at all levels regularly

undertake training to increase competence

- Establish a quality process

- Ensure all project roles have defined role

descriptions and these are agreed between

relevant parties

Contractor R

elated

Conflicts between contractor and

stakeholders caused by:

- Poor site management and supervision

by contractor

- Poor communication and coordination

by contractor with stakeholders

- Ineffective planning and scheduling of

project by contractor

- Improper construction methods

implemented by contractor

- Delays in sub-contractors work

- Inadequate contractors work

- Frequent change of sub-contractors

because of their inefficient work

- Poor qualification of the contractors

technical staff

- Control project through management by

exception

- Establish Communication Strategy

- Clear understanding of stakeholders

- Establish planning process

- Establish project scoping process

- Establish a strong transparent contractor

evaluation process

- Establish procurement process

- Ensure project staff at all levels regularly

undertake training to increase competence

Contractor R

elated

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Unified Project Management Methodology (UPMM) APPENDICES

Late site mobilization caused by:

- Incompetent contractor

- Government related reasons (labor visa,

work permits, ..)

- Limited access to worksite due reasons

out of contractor control

- No site mobilization process and

procedures

- Poor planning (specific mobilization

plan)

- Poor machinery management

(allocation and reallocation of

machinery)

- Establish a strong transparent contractor

evaluation process

- Establish procurement process

- Clear understanding of stakeholders

- Establish Communication Strategy

- Establish planning process

- Establish project scoping process

- Ensure project staff at all levels regularly

undertake training to increase competence

Contractor R

elated

Delayed project work caused by:

- Delayed inspection and testing by

consultant

- Late in reviewing and approving

construction documents by consultant

- Conflicts between consultant and

design engineer

- Inadequate experience of consultant

- Enforcement of management controls

- Establish planning process

- Enforce contractual terms on consultant

- Defined and agreed authorization process

- Ensure project staff at all levels regularly

undertake training to increase competence

Consultant R

elated

Delay in approving major changes in the

scope of work by consultant caused by:

- Poor construction documents

- Inflexibility (rigidity) of consultant

- Poor communication and coordination

between consultant and stakeholders

- Inadequate experience of consultant

- Establish planning process

- Establish Communication Strategy

- Establish a strong transparent contractor

evaluation process

- Establish procurement process

- Ensure project staff at all levels regularly

undertake training to increase competence

Consultant R

elated

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Unified Project Management Methodology (UPMM) APPENDICES

Mistakes and discrepancies in design

documents caused by:

- Delays in producing design

construction documents

- Unclear and inadequate details in

drawings

- Complexity of project design

- Insufficient data collection and survey

before design

- Misunderstanding of owners

requirements by design engineer

- Inadequate design-team experience

- Using outdated engineering design

software

- Incompatible design technologies

- Establish planning process

- Enforcement of management controls

- Establish project scoping process

- Clear identify the work dependencies

- Establish a requirement gathering process

- Ensure project staff at all levels regularly

undertake training to increase competence

- Use of latest technology

- Establish standardization and Technology

compatibility

Design R

elated

Delay in material delivery caused by:

- Shortage of construction materials in

market

- Changes in material types and

specifications during construction

- Damage of stored material while they

are needed urgently

- Delay in manufacturing special building

materials

- Late procurement of materials

- Late in selection of finishing materials

due to availability of many types in

market

- Establish planning (Resource and Material

Planning)

- Establish Change control

- Establish a requirement gathering process

- Ensuring adequate Storage facilities

Material R

elated

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Delay to project work caused by:

- Equipment breakdowns

- Shortage of equipment

- Low level of equipment-operators skill

- Low productivity and efficiency of

equipment

- Lack of high-technology mechanical

equipment

- Establishing a standard requirement and

specifications and maintenance procedures for

work equipment

- Establish Planning

- Ensure project staff at all levels regularly

undertake training to increase competence

Equipm

ent Related

Delay to project work caused by:

- Shortage of labors

- Unqualified workforce

- Wage base selection of labor

- Nationality of labors

- Low productivity level of labors

- Personal conflicts among labors

- Accidents during construction

- Need for proper estimation and coordination

for the work force needed by MOL and other

government agencies

- Enforce a standard wage policy based on skills

and qualifications

- Ensure project staff at all levels regularly

undertake training to increase competence

- Educate contractors about average labor

productivity output

- Establish a strong HR process within project

team

- Establishing occupational health and safety

policies and procedures

Labor R

elated

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Unified Project Management Methodology (UPMM) APPENDICES

Project work could be delayed by external

factors outside the control of project such as:

- Effects of subsurface conditions (e.g.,

soil, high water table, etc.)

- Delay in obtaining permits from

municipality

- Environmental effect on construction

activities (temperature, rain,

sandstorms,..)

- Lack or shortage of utilities in site (such

as, water, electricity, telephone, etc.)

- Effect of social and cultural factors

- Traffic control and restriction

- Changes in government regulations and

laws

- Ensure environmental factors are considered at

early stages of planning

- Owners must be accountable for pre-project

regulatory and environmental requirements.

- Ensure utility factors are considered at early

stages of planning

- Consider site access and security policies

during planning

- Establish security management process

- Establish an ongoing awareness of any

potential changes to government regulations

and laws and communicate these to all project

stakeholders

Extern

al

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Unified Project Management Methodology (UPMM) APPENDICES

APPENDICES B: Ladies Medical Colleges Project

(Case Study)

لمملكة العربية السعودية باموقع منطقة القصيم

تق��ع منطق��ة القص��يم في ش��مال المنطق��ة الوس��طى من المملك��ة العربي��ة2، ودائ�( شرق44ْ -َ 54ْ و41َ -�30ول )ط�السعودية ، بين خط�ي رض���ري ع�ا

2 ويح���������ْ ( شم27َ -15ْ و24َ -25) د المنطقة من الشمال منطقة������������اًال حائ��ل ومن الجن��وب والش��رق منطق��ة الري��اض ومن الغ��رب منطق��ة المدين��ة

متها اإلدارية مدينة بريدة وهي من أكبر وأهم الم��دن في�����������المنورة وعاصالمنطقة الوسطي شمال مدينة الرياض.

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القصيم لجامعة العام الموقع

بمن بريدة مدينة من الغرب إلى الجامعة مقر /�������يقع المدينة بريدة طريق على المليدة طقةعن �������المن ويبعد حوال ����������ورة بعد ���ك 20ي �����ها وعلى مطار 4م شمال كم

وتح.�������القص األراض ������يم به جه �������يط من والم�������زارع الفض������اء الشم ���������ي ال�������ةج ��������والغ من أما الجن ����������رب وي ����������هة أرامكو شركة مس����تودعات فتق������ع قع���������وب

الج معس ��������على الطريق من اآلخر من �������������انب وم��طار الوط����ني الحرس طقة��������كريم. �����������القص

مستودعات شركةأرامكو

مزارع

مطار أقليم

ي

معسكرالحرسالوطن

ي

الجامعة

الكتلةالعمرانية لمدينة

إلىعنيزة

إلى المدينةالمنورة

إلىالزلفى

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القصيم لجامعة العام الموقع

ال موقع مساحة حوالي ���������تبلغ يعادل 780جامعة ما أي 2م 7.800.000هكتار

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Unified Project Management Methodology (UPMM) APPENDICES

نشاء محمع الكليات الصحية للطالبات بجامعة القصيمإ : اسم المشروع

عناصر المشروع :

كلية العلوم الطبية التطبيقية ............... طالبة-كلية طب األسنان ............ طالبة -كلية الصيدلة ..................... طالبة -كلية التمريض .............. طالبات -

\إسم اإلستشاري : مكتب رمز لإلستشارات الهندسية

....................ريالة : قيمة المشروع حسب خطاب الترسي

مدة المشروع :................

إسم المقاول:.......................................

الموقع العام لمجمع الكليات الصحية للطالبات

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كلية الصيدلة ............... طالبة

لكل م�����������نها .2م�������ن ثالثة ادوار بمساحة ........... مكلية الصيدلة يتكون مبنى

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كلية العلوم الطبية التطبقية ............... طالبة

لك��ل2م���������ن ثالث��ة ادوار بمس��احة ........... مكلية العلوم الطبية التطبقيDDة يتكون مبنى م�����������نها .

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كلية التمريض ............... طالبة

لكل م�����������نها .2م�������ن ثالثة ادوار بمساحة ........... مكلية التمريض يتكون مبنى

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كلية طب األسنان ............... طالبة

لكل م�����������نها .2م�������ن ثالثة ادوار بمساحة ........... مكلية طب األسنان يتكون مبنى

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APPENDICES C: Questionnaire

أ ساليب جمع و تحليل المعلومات

أساليب جمع المعلوماتDATA GATHERING METHODS

 

مالحظة التغييرات الماديةOBSERVING PHYSICAL TRACES

و هي تعتمد على المالحظة المنظمة للبيئة المادية للعثور على آثار استخدام المكان سواء كانت هذه اآلثار متعمدة أو غير متعمدة. و من خالل هذه المالحظات يمكن تفسير كافة التغيرات التي تطرأ على المكان نتيجة

اًالستخدام و ما هي القرارات التي اتخذها المصمم و كيفية استخدام األفرادللمكان و كيف يقابل التصميم احتياجاتهم و ثقافتهم و متطلباتهم

معرفة كيف يستخدم األفراد المكان و يغيرون فيه          أهدافها:

بسيطة – غير مؤثرة على استخدام المكان أو األفراد – غير          مميزاتها: مكلفة – ًال تتأثر بوجود الباحث

دياجرامات توضيحية – رسومات و اسكتشات – صور و          أدواتها: ساليدز – حصر أعداد و كميات

نتائج اًالستخدام – تعديالت – تعبيرات        اهتماماتها:

مراقبة استخدام الزوار لكراسي اًالنتظار بأحد المستشفيات             مثال:

OBSERVING ENVIRONMENTAL مالحظة السلوكيات البيئية

BEHAVIOR

و هي تعتمد على المراقبة المنظمة لألفراد أو الجماعات أثناء استخدامهم للمكان و ما يفعلونه و كيف تتفاعل األنشطة الفراغية و كيف يؤثرون على

بعضهم البعض و كذلك كيف يساعد المكان أو يمنع سلوكيات معينة داخله والتأثيرات الجانبية لتصميم المكان على العالقات بين األفراد و المجموعات

معرفة كيف يتصرف األفراد داخل المكان          أهدافها:

مباشرة – ديناميكية متغيرة – تتأثر بوجود الباحث          مميزاتها:

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مراقبات منتظمة – تدوين مالحظات – خرائط سلوكية – صور          أدواتها: و أفالم

الفاعل – الفعل – مع من – العالقات بين األفراد – الجو        اهتماماتها:المحيط – البيئة

سلوكيات األفراد أثناء استخدام أحد الفراغات             مثال:

أجراء مقابالت شخصيةFOCUSED INTERVIEWS

و تعتمد على إلقاء أسئلة بطريقة منظمة لمعرفة أفكار و أحاسيس و أسبابأفعال و معلومات و توقعات مستخدمي المكان و األفراد

معرفة كيف يفكر األفراد داخل المكان فيما يفعلونه و ما          أهدافها:حولهم

متعمقة – معرفة األسباب          مميزاتها:

أسئلة المقابلة          أدواتها:

تعريف الموقف – المشاعر – األفكار – النوايا        اهتماماتها:

سلوكيات أسباب إحداث األطفال لتلفيات بالمدارس             مثال:

استمارات االستبيانSTANDARDIZED QUESTIONNAIRES

و تستخدم ًالستكشاف أسباب متكررة بين مجموعة كبيرة من األفراد عن طريق مقارنة إجاباتهم على مجموعة من األسئلة المدونة في استمارة

استبيان. و يمكن إرسال استمارة اًالستبيان بالبريد أو عن طريق التليفون أوشخصيا عن طريق أشخاص مدربين

معرفة اًالتجاهات العامة و الفكر الجماعي          أهدافها:

شاملة – توضح التفكير العام          مميزاتها:

استمارة اًالستبيان – خرائط – رسومات – صور – العاب          أدواتها:

تعريف البيئة المادية – السلوكيات – ردود األفعال –        اهتماماتها:التغييرات المتعمدة

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دراسة تهجير سكان أحد األحياء إلى حي جديد و تأثير ذلك             مثال:على انتمائهم و شخصيتهم

ARCHIVES  المخطوطات

يتم اللجوء إلى المخطوطات عند عمل دراسة تاريخية لتطور مفهوم معين أو الوقوف على منشأ ظاهرة بعينها. و تشمل المخطوطات الرسومات و

اًالسكتشات و الكتب القديمة و الجرائد و المجالت و الوثائق الحكومية والملفات اإلدارية

استخدام المعلومات المتاحة لصالح التقييم          أهدافها:

استغالل مصادر المعلومات المتاحة          مميزاتها:

ملفات تحليلية          أدواتها:

الكلمات المكررة – بداية و تطور األحداث        اهتماماتها:

ANALYSIS OF DATA أساليب تحليل المعلومات

QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS  تحليل كمي

يعتمد التحليل الكمي للمعلومات على األخذ في اًالعتبار عند تصميم خطة البحث الطريقة التي سوف يتم التعامل بها مع المعلومات. و التحليل الكمي

يبدأ من التحليل الكمي البسيط لألعداد و النسب المئوية إلى التحليلباستخدام علم اإلحصاء

QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS  تحليل كيفي

يعتمد التحليل الكيفي على اكتشاف أنماط محددة لردود األفعال و اًالستخدام و يعتمد اكتشاف تلك األنماط على تدريب الباحث على اكتشاف تلك األنماط و

متابعتها أثناء البحث.

إعداد خطط األبحاث

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تتكون خطط أبحاث تقييم المشروعات من األجزاء األساسية التالية

PROBLEM STATEMENTتحديد مشكلة أو نقطة البحث

RESEARCH APPROACHتحديد اتجاه و طريقة البحث للوصول إلى المعلومات

AND METHOD

DATA GATHERING TECHNIQUES تحديد أسلوب جمع المعلومات

ANALYSIS OF DATAتحديد أسلوب تحليل المعلومات

نوع النتائج المتوقعة و فائدتها للمخطط و المصمم و متخذي القرارUSEFULNESS OF RESULTS

ويتم استعراض نتائج أبحاث تقييم المشروعات على النحو التالي

PROBLEM STATEMENTالتعريف بمشكلة أو نقطة البحث

RESEARCHشرح اتجاه و طريقة البحث و كيفية الوصول الى المعلومات

APPROACH AND METHOD

DATA GATHERING TECHNIQUESشرح أسلوب جمع المعلومات و استعراضها

ANALYSIS OF DATA شرح أسلوب تحليل المعلومات و تصنيفها

CONCLUSIONSنتائج و توصيات البحث للمخطط و المصمم و متخذي القرار

AND RESULTS