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PPM –
PPB –
PPT –
Parts per million (1 in per 1,000,000 , 10-6 )
Parts per billion (1 part in 1,000,000,000 , 10-9 )
Parts per trillion (1 in 1,000,000,000,000 , 10-12 )
1m
1m
1m
1 cube would be
considered 1 PPM
1 inch in 16 miles 1 minute in two years 1 cent in $10,000 1 ounce of salt in 31 tons of potato
chips 1 bad apple in 2,000 barrels of apples
1 inch in 16,000 miles 1 second in 32 years 1 cent in $10,000,000 1 pinch of salt in 10 tons of potato
chips 1 lob in 1,200,000 tennis matches 1 bad apple in 2,000,000 barrels of
apples
1 postage stamp in the area of the city of Dallas
1 inch in 16 million miles (more than 600 times around the earth)
1 second in 320 centuries 1 flea on 360 million elephants 1 grain of sugar in an Olympic sized pool 1 bad apple in 2 billion barrels
Pollution refers to the occurrence of unwanted change in the environment introduction of harmful or toxic materials into the
surroundings Contamination
similar to that of pollution implies making something unfit for a particular
use through the introduction of toxic materials
Physical hazards = occur naturally in our environment Earthquakes, volcanoes, fires,
floods, droughts We can’t prevent them, but
we can prepare for them We increase our vulnerability
by deforesting slopes (landslides), channelizing rivers (flooding), etc.
We can reduce risk by better environmental choices
Chemical = synthetic chemicals such as pesticides, disinfectants, pharmaceuticals Harmful natural chemicals
also exist
Biological = result from ecological interactions Viruses, bacteria, and other
pathogens Infectious (communicable,
or transmissible) disease = other species parasitize humans, fulfilling their ecological roles
We can’t avoid risk, but we can reduce the likelihood of infection
Cultural = result from the place we live, our socioeconomic status, our occupation, our behavioral choices Smoking, drug use, diet and
nutrition, crime, mode of transportation
Environmental health = assesses environmental factors that influence human health and quality of life (Natural and human-caused )
Despite our technology, disease kills most of us
Disease has a genetic and environmental basis Cancer, heart
disease, respiratory disorders
Poverty and poor hygiene can foster illnesses
Tuberculosis, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), and the West Nile virus
Our mobility spreads diseases
Diseases are evolving resistance to antibiotics
Climate change will expand the range of diseases
To predict and prevent diseases, experts deal with complicated interrelationships
Infectious disease Spread by interactions between
individuals and through food, water, air or soil.
Can travel globally via airplanes New diseases emerging and
previous ones reemerging Some infectious diseases can be
controlled by manipulating the environment
If you really knew me…
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