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2015 5 29

!  !  !  ! 

- -

- 1 -

- 2 -

- 3 -

1. 

2. 

3. 

[Bq] = [dps] = [s-1]

[Ci] = 3.7×1010[Bq] (226Ra 1g)

N

N N

λ[s-1]

N

0tdN N N N e

dtλλ −− = → =�� �

1 ln2 0.6932

Te Tλ

λ λ− = → = =

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- -

•  •  •  • 

1

1GM

=2

102 104

GM 108 1010

GM

1nN n n N Nn

ττ

= + ⇒ =−

�� �

GM

n p

pn

+

1/10 10 1000 1000

10000

105m/s)

1 n n-1/2

Li

TLD OSL IP

GM 10 100

ZnS(Ag), CsI(Tl)

βNaI(Tl), BGO

LiI(Eu) n,α

-

AgPO3 B2O3 Ag0, Ag++)

TLD( Thermo Luminescence Dosimeter)

OSL( Optically Stimulated Luminescence) TLD

IP( Imaging Plate)F

Fe2+ Ce4+

N2O,C2H2

AgBr

E hν=

:

12 2 2 2 2 22

0 0 0

2 42 2

0 02 4

22 2

0 0 2

20

(1 / )

1 3 ( 1)1 12 8 2!

1 32 81 ( )2

E mc m c m c v c m c

v v n nm c m c nx

c c

vm v m v

c

m v v c

−= − = − −

" # −= + + + ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ − = + + + ⋅ ⋅ ⋅% &

' (

= + + ⋅ ⋅ ⋅

= <<

�

([J] [eV]

1eV=1.6×10-19J

α Xβ X

Ep E ×100 [%]

β

N=N0exp(-µmR)N0: N: R

µm

β

µm µm=17Emax-1.43

N/N0=10-4 R RmaxRmax=0.542Emax-0.133

e, m v B F=evB

r mv2/r ( = evB ( )r = mv/eB

β B

α

Si

α

Si(Li) 137Cs β

21.96 (1 cos )1 1.96 (1 cos )r

EEE

θθ

−=

+ −

E-1.02MeV

E-1.02 MeV ( )

E-0.51 MeV ( )

E-1.02 MeV

21

2

E MeV ( )

2 20 0

0.2561 (1 cos180 ) (1 cos180 )

E E MeVE Em c m c

= = =+ − ° − °

Ge 2011 3 16

Ge 2011 3 30

GM

TLD OSL IP

:

α•  ) • • • • • 

• • • •  X