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COLONEL STAUFFENBERG - he was one of the central figures of the German Resistance movement within the Wehrmacht. For his involvement in the movement he was shot shortly after the failed attempt known as Operation Valkyrie.
THE NAZI NEW ORDER
Nazi conquered Europe subjected to German DOMINATION
The Nazi Empire1. Nazis had conquered from France to the outskirts of
Moscow2. Neutral states = Spain, Portugal, Switzerland,
Sweden, Turkey3. German allies = Italy, Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary,
Finland4. Conquered lands were either A. annexed directly
B. administered by nazi military/civilian officials with collaborationists
NAZI TREAMENT OF CONQUERED PEOPLES
Treatment of conquered peoples -1. Norway, Denmark, Netherlands = lenient
treatment2. France = military administration3. Both northern and western territories were
exploited for goods and workers for the German war effort
4. Slavic areas = ruthless treatmentA. evacuate/eliminate Slavic peoplesB. colonize eastern lands with
Germans
NAZI ECONOMIC EXPLOITATION
Economic exploitation -1. Seize raw materials2. Seize machines and
industrial resources3. Seize food4. Forced labor of
conquered peoples within their own countries and by shipping them to Germany
FEMALE PRISONERS AT AUSCHWITZDOING FORCED LABOR IN A GRAVEL PIT
RESISTANCE MOVEMENTS German policies led to the
emergence of resistance movements
Governments in exile - the Free French in London led by Charles de Gaulle
Strongest resistance movement developed in Yugoslavia led by Josip Broz = ‘Tito’
In many countries communist
became the leaders of the underground resistance movements
Resistance to the nazis within Germany -
1. The White Rose movement
2. Any kind of resistance within Germany was ruthlessly crushed by the Gestapo
3. The Stauffenberg plot to assassinate Hitler in 1944 failed
SOPHIE SCHOLL – UNIVERSITY STUDENT EXECUTED FOR WHITE ROSE ACTIVITIES
THE HOLOCAUST
Before the war started the German policy was to ‘encourage’ Jews to emigrate The Final Solution = the Nazis decide to eliminate/murder all the Jews in Europe The SS and Heinrich Himmler was given responsibility for carrying out the final
solution Einsatzgruppen - ‘special strike forces’ 1. Nazi units first used to round up Jews in Poland and force them into ghettos in
certain Polish cities2. In 1941 they were turned into mobile killing units in Poland and Soviet Union3. Estimated that one million Jews were killed by these units4. The murders becomes too big to carry out in this way and new methods are
sought The Wansee Conference - Jan. 1942 The Holocaust = the nazi murder of European Jewry - 5 to 6 million were killed
2 out 3 of all Jews in Europe were
THE WANSEE CONFERENCEJAN. 1942
Nazi leaders get together and decide on the method to eliminate the Jews
Jews from all over Europe would be arrested and sent to Poland
Six camps were established in Poland = the most famous of these was Auschwitz
Jews were killed with Zyklon B in the gas chambers designed to resemble a shower
Bodies of murdered Jews were burned in crematoria
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