COLONEL STAUFFENBERG - he was one of the central figures of the German Resistance movement within the Wehrmacht. For his involvement in the movement he was shot shortly after the failed attempt known as Operation Valkyrie.

THE NAZI NEW ORDER

Nazi conquered Europe subjected to German DOMINATION

The Nazi Empire1. Nazis had conquered from France to the outskirts of

Moscow2. Neutral states = Spain, Portugal, Switzerland,

Sweden, Turkey3. German allies = Italy, Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary,

Finland4. Conquered lands were either A. annexed directly

B. administered by nazi military/civilian officials with collaborationists

NAZI TREAMENT OF CONQUERED PEOPLES

Treatment of conquered peoples -1. Norway, Denmark, Netherlands = lenient

treatment2. France = military administration3. Both northern and western territories were

exploited for goods and workers for the German war effort

4. Slavic areas = ruthless treatmentA. evacuate/eliminate Slavic peoplesB. colonize eastern lands with

Germans

NAZI ECONOMIC EXPLOITATION

Economic exploitation -1. Seize raw materials2. Seize machines and

industrial resources3. Seize food4. Forced labor of

conquered peoples within their own countries and by shipping them to Germany

FEMALE PRISONERS AT AUSCHWITZDOING FORCED LABOR IN A GRAVEL PIT

RESISTANCE MOVEMENTS German policies led to the

emergence of resistance movements

Governments in exile - the Free French in London led by Charles de Gaulle

Strongest resistance movement developed in Yugoslavia led by Josip Broz = ‘Tito’

  In many countries communist

became the leaders of the underground resistance movements

 

Resistance to the nazis within Germany -

1. The White Rose movement

2. Any kind of resistance within Germany was ruthlessly crushed by the Gestapo

3. The Stauffenberg plot to assassinate Hitler in 1944 failed

SOPHIE SCHOLL – UNIVERSITY STUDENT EXECUTED FOR WHITE ROSE ACTIVITIES

THE HOLOCAUST

Before the war started the German policy was to ‘encourage’ Jews to emigrate  The Final Solution = the Nazis decide to eliminate/murder all the Jews in Europe  The SS and Heinrich Himmler was given responsibility for carrying out the final

solution   Einsatzgruppen - ‘special strike forces’ 1. Nazi units first used to round up Jews in Poland and force them into ghettos in

certain Polish cities2. In 1941 they were turned into mobile killing units in Poland and Soviet Union3. Estimated that one million Jews were killed by these units4. The murders becomes too big to carry out in this way and new methods are

sought  The Wansee Conference - Jan. 1942  The Holocaust = the nazi murder of European Jewry - 5 to 6 million were killed

2 out 3 of all Jews in Europe were

THE WANSEE CONFERENCEJAN. 1942

Nazi leaders get together and decide on the method to eliminate the Jews

Jews from all over Europe would be arrested and sent to Poland

Six camps were established in Poland = the most famous of these was Auschwitz

Jews were killed with Zyklon B in the gas chambers designed to resemble a shower

Bodies of murdered Jews were burned in crematoria

ARBEIT MACH FREI = WORK SHALL FREE YOU -> THE MOTTO OVER THE GATES OF

AUSCHWITZ

NAZI MURDER

Deliberate murder through shooting, starvation, or overwork 9 to 10 million others -

1. Gypsies2. Slavic peoples3. Homosexuals4. Prisoners of war5. Mentally/physically disabled