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Chasis / System cabinet A plastic enclosure that contains most
of the components of a computer (usually excluding the display, keyboard and mouse)
System Unit:
System Unit
Tower top All in oneDesktop
Information Technology Chapter 03
The central printed circuit board (PCB) in many modern computers that holds many of the crucial components of the system, providing connectors for other peripherals.
Mainboard / System board Communication medium for entire computer
Motherboard:
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Processor/Brain of computer A complete computation engine that is
fabricated on a single chip The portion of a computer system that
carries out the instructions of a computer program, to perform the basic arithmetical, logical, and input/output operations of the system.
Multi core processor: single chipcontaining two or more processors
Central Processing System (CPU):
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Dual core processors: Single chip containing two processors
Quad core processors: Single chip containing four separate processors
Multi core processors
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1. Arithmetic & Logic unit◦ Arithmetic operations and logical comparisons
2. Control unit◦ Controls and coordinates all activities of a
computer system by issuing necessary commands
1. Fetches instruction from main memory2. Interprets instruction to find what operation to
perform3. Controls execution of instruction
Main units of CPU:
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1. Fetch -get an instruction from Main Memory
2. Decode -translate it into computer commands
3. Execute -actually process the command4. Store -write the result to Main Memory
Machine cycle/Instruction cycle:
CPU /
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Set of all instructions that a cpu can perform1. Arithmetic instructions2. Logical instructions3. Data transfer instructions4. Control transfer instructions
Used to change the sequence of instructions of a program
Instruction set:
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Electronic component that generates electric signals at fast speed
It controls all the functions of computer using clock ticks
The power of a CPU is determined by the speed with which it processes data. The more instructions in a second, faster will be the CPU.
Processor speed is measured in MHz (million instruction/sec) and GHz (billion instruction/sec)
System Clock:
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Processor register is a small amount of storage available as part of a CPU
Used to store information being processed Register size How much information it can
store (one/ two/ four/ eight bytes) CU manages registers for:
◦ Input instruction or data◦ Store instruction or data◦ Transfer instruction or data◦ Perform ALU operations at high speed
Registers:
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Information Technology Chapter 03
A component designed to lower the temperature of an electronic device by dissipating heat into the surrounding air.
All modern CPUs require a heat sink. Some also require a fan.
A heat sink without a fan is called a passive heat sink; a heat sink with a fan is called an active heat sink.
Heat sinks are generally made of an aluminum alloy and often have fins.
Heat sinks/ Heat pipes:
Information Technology Chapter 03
Data and instructions to be executed are stored in memory
It stores:◦ Operating system and other system software to
control the use of computer system◦ Application programs to perform specific tasks◦ Data to be processed by application programs
Memory:
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Generates output images to a display A special circuit board that controls what is
shown on a computer monitor and calculates 3D images and graphics.
Amount of memory located on card must be enough to support the desired numbers of colours and resolution
Its capacity is 32 MB today
Types of expension cards: Video Card
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Enhances the sound generating capabilities of a computer
Takes input from microphone converts it into machine language
Sends audio output to speakers
Sound Card
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Network interface controller / network adapter/ LAN adapter
This provides a base for a full network protocol stack, allowing communication among small groups of computers on the same LAN and large-scale network communications through routable protocols, connects a computer to a computer network.
NIC- Network Interface Card
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A kind of television tuner that allows television signals to be received by a computer
TV tuner Card
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A modem (modulator-demodulator) is a device that modulates an analog carrier signal to encode digital information, and also demodulates such a carrier signal to decode the transmitted information.
The goal is to produce a signal that can be transmitted easily and decoded to reproduce the original digital data
Modem Card
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Used to add memory, disk drives, sound, fax, modem and other capabilities to a mobile computer like laptop
Pc Cards
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In computer hardware, a port serves as an interface between the computer and other computers or peripheral devices.
A port is a specialized outlet on a piece of equipment to which a plug or cable connects.
Ports:
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Ports has different connectors. The various connectors on the computer
allow it to communicate with the many different devices and peripherals attached.
Connectors are called input/output ports (i/o ports) or communication ports.
Connectors
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A standard-sized area for adding hardware to a computer. Most drive bays are fixed to the inside of a case, but some can be removed.
A simple way to add, remove, and share hardware devices
External/ Exposed drive bay:◦ Used to access the drive from outside the system
Internal / Hidden drive bay: ◦ It is hidden inside the system unit
e.g for hard disk
Bays / Drive bay/ Device Bay:
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