View
215
Download
0
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
< Back Next > Preview Main
Chapter 4 States of Matter
Preview
Section 1 Four States of Matter
Section 2 Changes of State
Concept Map
< Back Next > Preview Main
Section 1 Four States of MatterChapter 4
Bellringer
In your Science Journal, make a four-column table with the column headings “Solid,” “Liquid,” “Gas,” and “Plasma.”
Brainstorm to fill in the table with examples of each state of matter.
< Back Next > Preview Main
Section 1 Four States of MatterChapter 4
What You Will Learn
• All matter is made of particles that are in constant motion.
• Each state of matter depends on the motion of its particles.
• In solids, particles can only vibrate; in liquids, particles can collide with and move past one another; in gases, particles are free to move independently, colliding frequently.
• In plasmas, particles move independently and are broken apart.
< Back Next > Preview Main
Section 1 Four States of MatterChapter 4
Matter: Moving Particles
• The states of matter are the physical forms of a substance.
• Matter is made up of very tiny particles called atoms and molecules. These particles are in constant motion.
• The states of matter depend on the motion of particles
< Back Next > Preview Main
States of MatterChapter 4
< Back Next > Preview Main
Section 1 Four States of MatterChapter 4
Solids
• Solid is a state of matter in which the volume and shape of a substance are fixed.
• The particles of a solid are closely locked in position and can only vibrate.
< Back Next > Preview Main
Section 1 Four States of MatterChapter 4
Liquids
• Liquid is a state of matter that has a definite volume but not a definite shape.
• A liquid takes the shape of its container.
• The particles of a liquid are able to slide past each other. A liquid’s particles are more loosely connected than those of a solid.
< Back Next > Preview Main
Section 1 Four States of MatterChapter 4
Gases
• Gas is a state of matter that does not have a definite volume or shape.
• The particles of a gas move about freely and collide randomly with each other.
< Back Next > Preview Main
Section 1 Four States of MatterChapter 4
Plasmas
• Plasma is a state of matter that starts as a gas and then becomes ionized.
• Plasma consists of free-moving ions and electrons and can take on an electrical charge.
• More than 99% of the matter in the universe is plasma. On Earth, natural plasmas are found in lightning and fire.
< Back Next > Preview Main
States of Matter
Plasma
Chapter 4
< Back Next > Preview Main
Section 2 Changes of StateChapter 4
Bellringer
List four ways that water can change from one physical state to another physical state without changing into a different substance.
Write your answers in your Science Journal.
< Back Next > Preview Main
Section 2 Changes of StateChapter 4
What You Will Learn
• A change of state is a physical process in which a material changes form with no chemical reaction.
• Changes of state include melting, freezing, evaporation, condensation, and sublimation and involve either gain or loss of energy by a material’s particles.
• Every material has a characteristic melting point and freezing point.
< Back Next > Preview Main
Section 2 Changes of StateChapter 4
Energy and Changes of State
• A change of state is the change of a substance from one physical state to another.
• A change of state requires a loss or gain of energy by a substance’s particles.
< Back Next > Preview Main
States of MatterChapter 4
< Back Next > Preview Main
Section 2 Changes of StateChapter 4
Melting: Solid to Liquid
• Melting is the change of state in which a solid becomes a liquid by adding heat.
• The temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid is the melting point of the substance.
• For a solid to melt, particles must absorb energy.
< Back Next > Preview Main
States of Matter
Melting Point
Chapter 4
< Back Next > Preview Main
Section 2 Changes of StateChapter 4
Freezing: Liquid to Solid
• Freezing is the change of state from a liquid to a solid.
• The temperature at which a liquid changes into a solid is the liquid’s freezing point.
• For a liquid to freeze, energy must be removed from the liquid to slow the movement of the particles.
< Back Next > Preview Main
Section 2 Changes of StateChapter 4
Evaporation: Liquid to Gas
• Evaporation is the change of state from a liquid to a gas.
• Boiling is the change of a liquid to a vapor, or gas. The temperature at which this change happens is the boiling point.
• Water boils more easily if the atmospheric pressure is lower.
< Back Next > Preview Main
States of Matter
Boiling Point
Chapter 4
< Back Next > Preview Main
Section 2 Changes of StateChapter 4
Condensation: Gas to Liquid
• Condensation is the change of state from a gas to a liquid. Condensation and evaporation are the reverse of each other.
• The condensation point is the temperature at which a gas becomes a liquid.
• For condensation to occur, energy must be removed from the gas to slow the movement of the particles.
< Back Next > Preview Main
Section 2 Changes of StateChapter 4
Sublimation: Solid to Gas
• Sublimation is the change of state in which a solid changes directly to a gas.
• In sublimation, the particles must go from being very tightly packed to being spread far apart.
• For sublimation to occur, the solid must gain energy for the particles to overcome their attractions.
< Back Next > Preview Main
Section 2 Changes of StateChapter 4
Temperature and Changes of State
• When a substance is undergoing a change of state, its temperature does not change until the change of state is complete.
< Back Next > Preview Main
States of MatterChapter 4
< Back Next > Preview Main
Chapter 4 States of Matter
Use the terms below to complete the concept map on the next slide.
changes of state
melting
vaporization
liquid
condensation
states of matter
solid
Concept Map
< Back Next > Preview Main
States of Matter
Concept Map
Chapter 4
< Back Next > Preview Main
States of Matter
Concept Map
Chapter 4
Recommended