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Now Looking for Players… By: Margery (Midge) Hines
Now Looking for Players… By: Margery (Midge) Hines
Now Looking for Players… By: Margery (Midge) Hines
Now Looking for Players… By: Margery (Midge) Hines
Measuring Similarity
𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑠
𝑔𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑠
𝑢1 𝑢2 𝑢3 𝑢4 …
𝑢1
𝑢2
𝑢3
𝑢4
⋮
1
𝑚32
𝑚42
𝑚12
𝑚21
𝑚41
1
1
𝑚23
1
𝑚31
𝑚13 𝑚14
𝑚42 𝑚43
𝑚34
Rank to find top user matches!
𝑢1 𝑢2 𝑢3 𝑢4 …
𝑔1
𝑔2
𝑔3
𝑔4
⋮
𝑝11
𝑝32
𝑝42
𝑝12
𝑝21
𝑝41
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
𝑝23
𝑝42
𝑢1 𝑢2 𝑢3 𝑢4 …
𝑔1
𝑔2
𝑔3
𝑔4
⋮
𝑟11
𝑟32
𝑟 42
𝑟12
𝑟21
𝑟 41
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
𝑟23
𝑟 42
Compute Cosine
Similarity
Compute Cosine
Similarity
ValidationUser Similarity
Distribution Profile Types
Obscure Gamers
AAA Gamers
Broad Gamers
ValidationUser Similarity
Distribution Profile Types
Obscure Gamers
AAA Gamers
Broad Gamers
ValidationUser Similarity
Distribution Profile Types
Obscure Gamers
AAA Gamers
Broad Gamers
Margery (Midge) Hines
PhD Electrical Engineering from Northeastern University
Dissertation: Autonomous landmine detection using GPR for humanitarian demining
Extra Slides
Improved Matching System: User Playtime Scores
• Score each user’s game by relative playtime compared to the set of people who own that game using deciles
Improved Matching System: Results
• On average all similarity scores are lower• Random Pairing < Friend Pairing < Algorithm Pairing
Similarity Matrix
Future ImprovementsAdditional User Matching Features • Number and/or type of steam achievements for each game
• Match based on features using SVD after filtering database for specific game of choice• Before matching filter by location (low ping, time-zones)Site Enhancement• Include video game recommendations • Add Steam open-id support
Play Style
SkillLevel
Similarity Metric Visualization𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑠
𝐴 ¿𝑂𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑀𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑥 𝐵 ¿ 𝐴 h𝑤𝑖𝑡 𝑆𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑑𝑅𝑜𝑤𝑠 𝐶 ¿𝐵 h𝑤𝑖𝑡 𝑅𝑜𝑤𝑠𝑅𝑎𝑛𝑘𝑒𝑑
0 1
Note: The strong similarity in the diagonal of A and first column of B and C is due to users match with themselves
Alternative Method for Feature Matching: SVD 𝑢1 𝑢2 𝑢3 𝑢4 …
𝑔1
𝑔2
𝑔3
𝑔4
⋮
𝑠11
𝑠32
𝑠42
𝑠12
𝑠21
𝑠41
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
𝑠23
𝑠42
Compute SVD
𝑓 1 𝑓 2 …
𝑢1
𝑢2
𝑢3
𝑢4
⋮
𝑢11
𝑢32
𝑢12
𝑢21
𝑢41
𝑢31
𝑢22
𝑢42
𝑢13
𝑢33
𝑢43
𝑢23
𝑓 1 𝑓 2 …
𝑓 1
𝑓 2
⋮
𝑤11
0
0
0
0
0
0
𝑔1 𝑔2 𝑔3 …
𝑓 1
𝑓 2
⋮
𝑔11
𝑔32
𝑔12
𝑔21
𝑔31
𝑔22
𝑔13
𝑔33
𝑔23
𝑢1 𝑢2 𝑢3 𝑢4 …
𝑢1
𝑢2
𝑢3
𝑢4
⋮
1
𝑚32
𝑚42
𝑚12
𝑚21
𝑚41
1
1
𝑚23
1
𝑚31
𝑚13 𝑚14
𝑚42 𝑚43
𝑚34
Match User’s
Features
𝑤22
𝑤33
Validation
So why not SVD?
• Feature matching doesn’t guarantee that matched users will own or play the same games
𝑢𝑖 (𝑃 𝑗)=¿𝑜𝑓 h𝑟𝑠𝑜𝑛𝑔 𝑗
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙¿𝑜𝑓 h𝑟𝑠 ¿
User’s Game Preference
Distribution of User’s Maximum Game Preferences
Some users spend all playtime on
Steam on Dota 2
Few users spend all playtime on Steam
on Portal
User 1: Looking For PlayersBest Match:
70% Compatibility 69% Compatibility
Suggestion: You might enjoy Borderlands !
Worst Match: 0.01% Compatibility
Actual Friend of User 1!
Example Comparison of User Match Result
Video Game Recommendations
Steam’s Current Game Recommendations: Personal Experience
Games Steam Recommends Me
My Playtime by Title
Users’ Playtime for “Tiny and Big: Grandpa’s Leftovers”
• Compared to my other games, my playtime of this game seems small
• Compared to other people who own this game my playtime is small (lowest decile)
Implying User Scores Based on Playtime
• Score each user’s game by relative playtime compared to the set of people who own that game using deciles
Game Recommendations Using SVD 𝑢1 𝑢2 𝑢3 𝑢4 …
𝑔1
𝑔2
𝑔3
𝑔4
⋮
𝑠11
𝑠32
𝑠42
𝑠12
𝑠21
𝑠41
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
𝑠23
𝑠42
Compute SVD
𝑓 1 𝑓 2 …
𝑢1
𝑢2
𝑢3
𝑢4
⋮
𝑢11
𝑢32
𝑢12
𝑢21
𝑢41
𝑢31
𝑢22
𝑢42
𝑢13
𝑢33
𝑢43
𝑢23
𝑔1 𝑔2 𝑔3 …
𝑓 1
𝑓 2
⋮
𝑔11
𝑔32
𝑔12
𝑔21
𝑔31
𝑔22
𝑔13
𝑔33
𝑔23
𝑓 1 𝑓 2 …
𝑓 1
𝑓 2
⋮
𝑤11
0
0
0
0
0
0𝑤22
𝑤33
Train SVD with 80% of Data
Test SVD with 20% of Data𝑢1 𝑢2 𝑢3 …
𝑔1
𝑔2
⋮
𝑠11 𝑠12
𝑠21 ?
?
𝑠23Predict SVD
𝑢1 𝑢2 𝑢3 …
𝑔1
𝑔2
⋮
�̂�11 �̂�12
�̂�21 ?
?
�̂�23Calculate
RMSE
RMSE = 2.7NRMSE = 0.31Netflix’s NRMSE = 0.21
𝑅𝑀𝑆𝐸=√ 1𝑛∑𝑖 𝑗❑
( �̂�𝑖𝑗−𝑠𝑖𝑗 )2
More Exploratory Analysis!
Independent Game Development is on the Rise!
Only 31% of Steam games are rated on Metacritic
124 games have been purchased but never been played!
Not all games are played; Not all games are rated
Strictly Single Player
Multiplayer
The playtime on only 6 games is equal to the total playtime on all others
Multiplayer games tend to have greater playtime than strictly single-player games
Steam Games by Genre
• MMOs account for few games on Steam, but have high playtime per title
• Over half of Steam’s game are Indie, but Indie games have very little playtime per title
Steam Games by Genre
• Sports games have the highest average cost, and MMOs have the lowest (note subscriptions not included)
• MMOs and Action games have the best “bang-for-the-buck” in terms of hours of playtime/dollar
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