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Pathology as a Career
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PATHOLOGY: A Career in Medicine
Pathology is the study of the nature of disease - its causes, development and consequences
Career Opportunities:• Diagnostician• Teacher• Scientific Researcher
The Pathologist in Patient Care
Identifies diseases in cells, tissues& fluids of the body
Analyzes gross and microscopic structural changes in tissues caused by disease
Examines cells to aid in disease detection
Provides and interprets laboratory information to help solve diagnostic problems and monitor effects of therapy
Anatomic Pathology:Surgical Pathology
Analysis of Biopsies and Surgical Specimens
Surgically Removed Tissue
Frozen Section/Gross and Microscopic
Evaluation
Diagnosis and Prognostic Information
Patient: 46 year-old man Heavy smoker Complains of:
WeaknessChronic coughChest pain
•Physical and Lab Findings:
Elevated Blood PressureElevated Serum Calcium
A Case Study in Lung Cancer
A Case Study in Lung Cancer
CT imaging reveals mass in right lung
Patient taken to surgery
Mass biopsied and sent for frozen section
Microscopic evaluation yields:- Precise diagnosis- Extent of disease
- Information needed to determine course of action
Anatomic Pathology:Cytopathology
A Case Study in Thyroid Cancer
Patient with thyroid mass receives a tracer dose of radioactive iodine, which reveals a “cold” nodule
Pathologist performs fine- needle aspiration (FNA)
Surgeon and oncologist determine course of action based on pathologist’s FNA diagnosis
Mass removed during surgery
Anatomic Pathology:Autopsy
Autopsy provides insight into disease processes and the influence of therapy on disease:
Reveals cause of death
May detect previously undiagnosed genetic disorders – information that may benefit living family members
Provides feedback to physicians involved in patient care: 1. Accuracy of diagnoses 2. Effectiveness of treatment
Clinical Pathology
Clinical pathology specialty laboratories include: Hematology Microbiology Immunology Clinical Chemistry Toxicology Transfusion Medicine
Pathologists serve as consultants to other physicians by: recommending appropriate tests interpreting test results
Molecular Pathology
•DNA sequencing to identify infectious agents
•Molecular identification of chromosomal rearrangements
•Genetic alterations
•Prenatal screening for hemoglobin disorders and metabolic diseases
•Genetic susceptibility to cancer
The Pathologist as aConsultant
•Interprets laboratory results
•Advises physicians on appropriate diagnostic tests
•Contributes to medical and surgical patient management decisions
•Serves on hospital committees (e.g. quality assurance, blood utilization, infection control)
•Updates physicians about laboratory medicine in Continuing Medical Education programs
The Pathologist as a Teacher
•Provides instruction to medical students, pathology residents, graduate students
•Provides instruction to students in allied health science training programs
•Provides instruction in local, regional or national continuing medical education programs
The Pathologist in Research
Investigates the causes and mechanisms of diseases by:
•Tracing new diseases to their origins
•Improving diagnostic approaches to diseases
•Identifying the genetic basis for patient response to treatments
•Identifying new pathogenic bacteria and other infectious agents
•Identifying genes involved in specific cancers
Pathology Training for Medical Students
•General and Systemic Pathology courses
•Elective opportunities for senior students
•One-year fellowships in pathology, usually following the second year of medical school
Graduate Medical Education in Pathology
Residency Programs:Anatomic and Clinical PathologyAnatomic PathologyClinical Pathology
Fellowships:•Blood banking/transfusion medicine•Chemical pathology•Cytopathology•Dermatopathology•Forensic pathology•Hematology•Medical microbiology•Molecular genetic pathology •Neuropathology•Pediatric pathology
Pathology Practice Options
•Community Hospitals
•Private/Group Practice
•Clinics
•Health Care Facilities
•Independent Laboratories
•Medical Schools
•Military
•Federal Government Agencies (NIH, FDA)
•State Government
•Pharmaceutical/Biotech Companies
Sources of InformationSources of Information
Intersociety Council for Pathology Information (ICPI)www.pathologytraining.org
American Society for Clinical Pathology ( ASCP) www.ascp.org
American Society for Investigative Pathology (ASIP) www.asip.org
Association of Pathology Chairs (APC)www.apcprods.org
College of American Pathologists (CAP) www.cap.org
United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology (USCAP)
www.uscap.org
Undergraduate Study in Pathology
Directory of Pathology Training Programs
Listing of Residency Training Programs, Fellowships, and Post-Sophomore Fellowships.
Print-on-Demand available for the full Directory or Residencies-only or Fellowships-only versions. Order online at www.pathologytraining.org. The Directory is also available online and is fully searchable by institution, region/state, and specialization.www.pathologytraining.org
Biomedical Physician Scientist CareersPublished by the American Society for Investigative Pathology with support from ICPI
•What is a Physician Scientist in Pathology and Laboratory Medicine? •Why Choose Academic Pathology and Laboratory Medicine? •Is a Physician Scientist Career for Me? Choosing a Training Path •Choosing a Program•Choosing a Supervisor•Searching for Your First Job•Launching your Physician Scientist Career•Tenure, Promotions and the First Ten Years•The Institutional Challenge to Train and Maintain Physician Scientists
Journey To Success: Career Pathways for Biomedical Scientists in Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Published by the American Society for Investigative Pathology, with support from ICPI
•What is a Biomedical Scientist in Pathology and Laboratory Medicine?
•Why Pursue Pathology as a Career in Biomedical Science?
•Is a Biomedical Career in Pathology for Me?
•Education
•Non-Traditional Careers
•Searching For Your First Job
Intersociety Council for Pathology Information (ICPI)
Intersociety Council for Pathology Information (ICPI)9650 Rockville Pike
Bethesda, MD 20814-3993 (USA)Phone: 301-634-7200
Fax: 301-634-7990Email: ICPI@asip.org
www.pathologytraining.org
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