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U.S. History
Chapter 7: The American RevolutionSection 4: The Patriots Gain New Hope
Victory in New Jersey
•November 1776: Howe captured New York
•Settle in for winter
General William Howe
Victory in New Jersey
•New Jersey left in Hessian control
Victory in New Jersey
•Battle of Trenton—battle in which Washington’s troops crossed the Delaware to launch a surprise attack
Victory in New Jersey
December 25, 1776: Washington & troops cross icy Delaware River
Victory in New Jersey
•Battle of Trenton:
–Patriot victory
–900 Hessians captured, 5 American casualties
–Morale boost
Victory in New Jersey
•Battle of Princeton—battle in which Patriots circled a British camp in the dark & attacked in the morning
Victory in New Jersey
•Battle of Princeton
–Campfires left burning
–Circles behind British troops
Victory in New Jersey
•Battle of Princeton
–Patriot Victory
–Second of Washington’s three battlefield victories
Turning Point at Saratoga
•British embarrassed
•Devise plan to cut off New England
Turning Point at Saratoga
•General John Burgoyne to recapture Ft. Ticonderoga & move south
Turning Point at Saratoga
•A second for will march east from Lake Ontario
Turning Point at Saratoga
•General Howe will move north from New York City
Turning Point at Saratoga
•All three forces to converge at Albany
Turning Point at Saratoga
• July 1777: Burgoyne captures Ticonderoga
• Path to Albany difficult
John Burgoyne
Turning Point at Saratoga
•Howe decides to attack Philadelphia
•Meets George Washington along the way
General William Howe
Turning Point at Saratoga
• September 11, 1777: Patriots defeated at Brandywine Creek
Turning Point at Saratoga
•Howe & force from Ontario area delayed
•Burgoyne greatly outnumbered
Turning Point at Saratoga
• Battle of Saratoga—marked a major turning point in the Revolutionary War
Turning Point at Saratoga
•General Horatio Gates drove back a British attack
Horatio Gates
Turning Point at Saratoga
•Benedict Arnold staged a charge that led to a British retreat
Benedict Arnold
Turning Point at Saratoga
• October 17, 1777: Burgoyne surrenders to Gates
Turning Point at Saratoga
•Effects:
–Morale boost
–Increased foreign support
Foreign Aid
France
Spain
Foreign Aid
• Bernardo de Galvez
– Spanish governor of Louisiana
– Attacked British forts along Mississippi River & Florida
Bernardo de Galvez
Galveston Island named in honor
Foreign Aid
• Marquis de Lafayette:
– Arrived Summer 1777
– Wounded at Brandywine Creek
– Gave money to support Revolution
Marquis de Lafayette
Winter at Valley Forge
•December 1777: troops settle at Valley Forge for winter
•Food & clothing shortages
•1/5 of soldiers died
Winter at Valley Forge
•Friedrich von Steuben:
–Prussian
–Taught troops drill procedure Friedrich von Steuben
The War at Sea
• Navy & Marines established 1775
• Feb 1776: only 8 ships
• British had large navy
• Strategy: attack individual ships
The War at Sea
•John Paul Jones—responsible for much of America’s naval success
John Paul Jones
“I have not yet begun to
fight!”
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