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National Planning Departmentwww.dnp.gov.co
June 2016dnp.gov.co
Simón Gaviria MuñozGeneral Director DNP
@simongaviriaSimonGaviriaM
SMART
CITIES
June 2016dnp.gov.co
Simón Gaviria MuñozGeneral Director DNP
@simongaviriaSimonGaviriaM
AGENDASMART
CITIES
1. Current situation of cities in Colombia
2. Smart cities indicators3. Proposed strategies
Smart CitiesJune 2016
RELEVANCE OF CITIES
Source: Cities System Mission estimates
1951 2010 2035 2050 -
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
11.2
45.4
57.5 61.1
3.1
27.6 37.0 40.2
URBAN POPULATION IN THE SYSTEM OF CITIES1951 -2050
Milli
ons
2050Urban population will increase in 18 million.
In 2050 we will have 69 cities with a population higher than 100,000
27,4% 60,7% 64% 65,8%
Total populationUrban Population in the System of Cities
201061% of Colombian population live in urban centers of the System of Cities
Close to 76% of National GDP is generated in those centers41 cities larger population larger than 100,000
Smart CitiesJune 2016
RELEVANCE OF CITIESSystem of Cities
Shorter than 100,000
TOTAL
151MUNICIPALITIES
CAPITAL CITIES
8MUNICIPALITIES
SUBREGIONALFUNCTION
14MUNICIPALITIES
Larger than 100,000
UNI-NODAL CITIES
16MUNICIPALITIES
18 METROPOLITAN
AREAS
113MUNICIPALITIES
Smart CitiesJune 2016
URBAN AND TERRITORIAL PLANNINGUrban and Regional planning must articulate rural areas and be approached from a regional perspective
Source: National Study of Water 2014SDP (2014)
Availability of natural hydrological sources
52,5% of the Cities System urban population is located in areas of low availability of natural hydrological sources.
33% of Colombian population is at risk to be affected by landslides and 48% by flooding.
Conflicts between protected areas and urban growth (urban sprawl and conurbation)
Smart CitiesJune 2016
URBAN AND TERRITORIAL PLANNINGCurrent land development plans (POT) lack of a continuous view of the territory,
needed to take into account the urban and rural dynamics
Technical, methodological and information shortfalls in the POT formulation
• 60% define inadequately the urban perimeter (in smaller towns)
• 50% determine expansion areas without adequate information and criteria.
• 61% determine mistakenly the protected areas.
• The maps of 21% of POT are not geo-referenced.
• 60% do not take into account the agricultural, livestock and forestry uses.
1 Outdated POT
• 916 municipalities (83% from total) lost the long term validity at the end 2015
• No municipalities include regional determinants in the POT
• The territorial planning ends at the political – administrative limit
2 Lack of positioning POT as a development tool
• Low application of land value capture instruments
• The resources of betterment levies are between 0,02% and 0,13% of income
• Only 12% on municipalities use land capture value instruments
• Only 3% include strategies and programs in order to develop the rural component
3
Smart CitiesJune 2016
URBAN AND TERRITORIAL PLANNINGCurrent state of Cadaster
Source: IGAC, estimate DNP 2015
RURALURBAN
14MUNICIPALITIES
WITHOUT CADASTER FORMATION
728OUTDATED
MUNICIPALITIES
370UPDATED
MUNICIPALITIES
80MUNICIPALITIES
WITHOUT CADASTER FORMATION
664OUTDATED
MUNICIPALITIES
378UPDATED
MUNICIPALITIES
Smart CitiesJune 2016
URBAN AND TERRITORIAL PLANNINGCadaster Structural Problematic
Incomplete• The cadaster does not cover the entire territory neither the required variables for the users
• 28,5% of the national area does not have cadastral formation (without information)
• 63,9% of municipalities has outdated cadaster
1 Imprecise• Lack of process and
methodologies under international standards
• Lack of cartographic inputs with cadaster purposes
• The majority of cadaster appraisals do not reflect a reasonable value of land
• Indefinite areas and boundaries
2 Sectorial disjoint
• Inadequate interrelation between cadaster and register (46% rural plots and 68% urban plots interrelated - IGAC)
• There is no articulation between the cadaster and other sectoral databases
• No Open Data
3
Smart CitiesJune 2016
CONNECTIVITYCities must connect better between and inside them
Colombian cities were developed in isolated territories, with little relationship and complementaritybetween them
Urban mobility in the main cities is reducing the quality of life and competitiveness
A trip across the cities can take more than an hour and a half (Bogotá 119 min, Medellín 91 min, Barranquilla 82 min, Cartagena 45 min.)
2011
Smart CitiesJune 2016
CONNECTIVITYCities must connect better between and inside them
2020
Colombian cities were developed in isolated territories, with little relationship and complementaritybetween them
Urban mobility in the main cities is reducing the quality of life and competitiveness
A trip across the cities can take more than an hour and a half (Bogotá 119 min, Medellín 91 min, Barranquilla 82 min, Cartagena 45 min.)
Smart CitiesJune 2016
CONNECTIVITYCities must connect better between and inside them
2035
Colombian cities were developed in isolated territories, with little relationship and complementaritybetween them
Urban mobility in the main cities is reducing the quality of life and competitiveness
A trip across the cities can take more than an hour and a half (Bogotá 119 min, Medellín 91 min, Barranquilla 82 min, Cartagena 45 min.)
Smart CitiesJune 2016
LIFE QUALITY
Fuente: Misión Sistema de Ciudades
The cities present changes in the population structure an differential opportunities for development
EMBRYONIC• Care for early childhood• Strengthening sexual and
reproductive education• Reduce rate of infant mortality• Extending coverage of public
services and health• Housing deficit
STARTDEMOGRAPHIC BONUS
RiohachaPre-bonus after 2023
QuibdóPre-bonus after 2027
Different levels of ageing population
Dependent population is more vulnerable
Smart CitiesJune 2016
LIFE QUALITYThe cities present changes in the population structure an
differential opportunities for development
ADOLESCENT
• Care of early childhood• Reduce adolescent pregnancy• Extend coverage of high school
and promote quality
ENDDEMOGRAPHIC BONUS
Santa MartaAfter 2035MonteríaAfter 2035
ValleduparAfter 2035SincelejoAfter 2035FlorenciaAfter 2035
Fuente: Misión Sistema de Ciudades
Different levels of ageing population
Dependent population is more vulnerable
Smart CitiesJune 2016
LIFE QUALITYThe cities present changes in the population structure an
differential opportunities for development
YOUNG AND BIG
• Reduce the NEET population• Expand projects of new and
improve housing• Define productive and
employment routes
ENDDEMOGRAPHIC BONUS
Barranquilla2020
Cartagena2020
Cúcuta2020
VillavicencioAfter 2035
Fuente: Misión Sistema de Ciudades
Different levels of ageing population
Dependent population is more vulnerable
Smart CitiesJune 2016
LIFE QUALITYThe cities present changes in the population structure an
differential opportunities for development
ADULT
• Promote savings• Capital human qualification• Formalization of employment
ENDDEMOGRAPHIC BONUS
Ibagué2018Neiva2020
Popayán2020Pasto2020
Fuente: Misión Sistema de Ciudades
Different levels of ageing population
Dependent population is more vulnerable
Smart CitiesJune 2016
LIFE QUALITYThe cities present changes in the population structure an
differential opportunities for development
MATURE
• Care for senior citizen• Extend coverage of secondary
and higher education• Strengthening the planning
process in metropolitan areas
ENDDEMOGRAPHIC BONUS
Cali2016
Armenia2013
Fuente: Misión Sistema de Ciudades
Different levels of ageing population
Dependent population is more vulnerable
Smart CitiesJune 2016
LIFE QUALITYThe cities present changes in the population structure an
differential opportunities for development
SENIOR
• Care for senior citizen• Attraction of young population in
order to extend the bonus• Effective access to health
services
ENDDEMOGRAPHIC BONUS
Bogotá: 2015Tunja: 2022
Bucaramanga: 2018 Medellín: 2013Pereira: 2015
Manizales: 2013
Fuente: Misión Sistema de Ciudades
Different levels of ageing population
Dependent population is more vulnerable
June 2016dnp.gov.co
Simón Gaviria MuñozGeneral Director DNP
@simongaviriaSimonGaviriaM
AGENDASMART
CITIES
2
Smart Cities Indicators
Smart CitiesJune 2016
CITY PROSPERITY INDEX – ONU HABITATResults of CPI for 23 Colombian cities
Source: ONU HABITAT (2015)
• Big cities: The stragglers are Cali and Barranquilla.• Medium-sized cities: Highlight on Manizales, Pereira, Pasto and Ibagué. Still lag far behind cities of similar size as Cúcuta, Santa Marta or
Montería,• Small cities: Positive result on cities like Tunja and Armenia, but greater challenges for Riohacha and Quibdó.
Productivity
Life quality
InfrastructureEnvironmental sustainability
Equity and social inclusion
0.0
0.5
1.0
Bogotá New York São Paulo
June 2016dnp.gov.co
Simón Gaviria MuñozGeneral Director DNP
@simongaviriaSimonGaviriaM
AGENDASMART
CITIES
3
Proposed strategies
Smart CitiesJune 2016
PROPOSED STRATEGIES OF SMART CITIES
1.Public Policy of Smart Cities
2.Strengthening Project for territorial entities
3.Observatory of System of Cities
4. New Land Development Plans (POD / POT Modernos)
5.Multipurpose Cadaster
6.Big Data
Smart CitiesJune 2016
1. PUBLIC POLICY OF SMART CITIES
• High cost associated to environmental degradation
• High rates of non-sustainable motorization
• Weakness of Land developing plans• Conflicts between protected areas
and urban growth• Delay in reorganization of
traditional public transportation • Low broadband penetration• Low productivity sectors
• Long term vision and participatory construction
• Reduce greenhouse gases• Urban sustainable mobility• More and better public space• Supra-municipal vision and
differential approach• Integrate urban and rural territories• Digital Connectivity• Improve productivity and
competitiveness• Improve municipal revenues• Safer and fairer cities
From the current situation to a Smart city
Smart CitiesJune 2016
1. PUBLIC POLICY OF SMART CITIESGovernment Articulation Initiatives
• Logistic Mission• Policy on Science, Technology
and Innovation
GREEN GROWTH MISSION
• Sustainable Mobility and Urban Transport
• Master Plan of Intermodal Transport PMTI (2015-2035).
• Sustainable Urbanism• Urban Drains• Multipurpose Cadaster
• Budget by results
• Subsidies Statute Nuevo Sisben
• Citizen Security
• Scientific, technological and innovation Parks
• Regional Plans ICT• Smart City Policy• Big Data Initiative
AGENDAS
Smart City
MOBILITY AND
TRANSPORT
ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY
GOBERNANCE AND FINANCIATION
URBAN AND TERRITORIAL
PLANNING
PRODUCTIVITYAND
COMPETITIVENESS
LIFE QUALITY
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION
DIGITAL CONNECTIVITY-
TIC
STRUCTURANT AXES
TRANSVERSAL AXIS
Smart CitiesJune 2016
2. PLATFORM OF TERRITORIAL MANAGEMENTSolution in the cloud
Municipalidades
GobiernoCentral, Entes de Control
Ciudadano
Modelo de Gestión Territorial
Rendición de Cuentas y
Consolidación
Software used as service in the cloud with no PC storage required
Reduce time in report writing to national institutions (unified platform for report)
Reduce cost associated to software licensing, infrastructure and dedicated staff
Allowed access from any device
Facilitate the citizen participation through the use of tools of Open Government
Flexible informatic tool adjusted to the requirements of every territorial entity
Citizens Government
Control entities
Municipalities
Territorial model
Accountability processes
Smart CitiesJune 2016
3. OBSERVATORY SYSTEM OF CITIES
TENDENCIES
COMPARATIONS LAYERS 3D
OBJECTIVES
• Generate, compile, process, analize y spread information (National, territorial, sectorial etc.)
• Support the monitoring and evaluation of the urban development situation of cities
• Comparative analysis of national and international level with supra-municipal approach
PROFITS
• Knowledge transfer
• Decision-making in planning and urban management with territorial approach
• Prioritization of investments
• Promote regional development
Smart CitiesJune 2016
3. OBSERVATORY SYSTEM OF CITIES
Source: Observatory of the System of Cities. DNP
22
7
193
Themes
Sub-themes
IndicatorsMonitoring
Evaluation
Research areas
• Structure and efficiency of markets
• Economies of scale• Economies of aglomeration
• Sophistication and innovation
Productivity
• Ecologic structure• Climate change• Risk management
Environment
• Population structure and dynamics
• The cost of living• Life conditions
Life quality
• Physical connectivity• Digital connectivity
Connectivity
• Territorial planning• Territorial management• Rural-Urban relationship
Land managememt
• Transport infrastructure• Urban Facilities• Domestic public utilities
Infrastructure
• Public finance• Institutional coordination• Gobernability
Institutional
Index of Smart CitiesObservatory System of
CitiesImplemented
2016 2017
Smart CitiesJune 2016
4. POT / POD MODERNOSProposal: Technical assistance and accompaniment for municipalities and departments in the update and formulation of their
New Land Development Plans in order to face challenges of the national territorial planning, through three components:
Enlistment• Institutional arrangement of the national and regional entities to obtain inputs.
• Strengthen the local institutional capacities
• Support on technical studies required.
1 Formulation• Engage the municipalities
with the POT update, reflected in the Development Plan
• Supra-municipal vision and differential approach
• Integrate the urban and rural territories
• Delimitation of risk areas
2 Implementation• Strengthen the local institutional capacities in order to generate resources trough the POT
• Incorporation and application of planning, management and financing instruments for urban and rural lands
3
Smart CitiesJune 2016
4. POT / POD MODERNOSA POD/POT Moderno must have
VISION
•Long-term vision with differential approach•Articulation of regional, metropolitan and national levels
INFORMATION
Geographic Information Systems for the decision-making over the territory
COMPETITIVENESS•Efficient mix of land uses and optimization•Clarity in housing policy•Promote economic development through the territorial model
INSTITUTIONALITY•Qualitative and participative management of the territorial visions.•Strengthen the municipality institutions
• Supra-municipal vision with differential approach
• Integrate the urban and rural territory
• Improve productivity and competitiveness
A POD/POT must reach
LIFE QUALITY
Smart CitiesJune 2016
4. POT / POD MODERNOSA POD/POT Moderno must have
MOBILITY
•Road infrastructure and mobility according to growth
•Sustainable public transport system
ENVIRONMENT
•Delimitation of risk areas•Adopting mitigation measures•Rural dimension with productivity approach
INFRASTRUCTURE
•Collective facilities according to the kind of city•Public Services adjusted to the city model•Sustainable urbanism and construction•Identification and intervention on slums
INSTRUMENTS
Incorporation and application of planning, management and financing instruments for urban and rural land.
• Reduce travel times
• Reduce Greenhouse Emissions
• Improve municipal income
Un POD/POT must reach
LIFE QUALITY
Smart CitiesJune 2016
5. MULTIPURPOSE CADASTERSo where does the Cadaster transformation take us?
TO A COMPLETE CADASTER
• Covering the entire territory
• Incorporating all kind of forms of land tenure
• Inventory of wastelands
• With physical updated variables of the plots
• Complying the methodological international standards
• Locating precisely the georeferenced plots
• Individualizing the plots with detail
• Reflecting a cadaster value close to the reality
• With information of areas and boundaries coinciding with cadaster and register
• Articulated with other sectors through spatial data infrastructure
• Warrantying the information access by all users (big data)
TO A PRECISE CADASTER
TO A CADASTERARTICULATED WITH SECTORS
Smart CitiesJune 2016
6. BIG DATACAOBA First PPP in Big Data: CAOBA and Challenges of Public Policy
WATER
Analysis for optimize the collect and
generate saving schemes
MOBILITY
Analysis of the movement patterns of population
EDUCATION
Evaluation of profitability of
education investment by chain
analysis
SOLID WASTE
Analysis of volumen and sort of wastes
in area and its utilization
SISBEN
Analysis for better use of existent
data and optimize the public resources
National Planning Departmentwww.dnp.gov.co
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