Grammar Book part 2

Joya Burns

Libro de Gramatica(Spanish Grammar Book)

Concept Page #

Preterite 3

-car, -gar, -zar 4

SPOCK 5

Cucaracha 6

7

Modal Verbs 8

Los Adverbios 9

Progressive Tense 10

Table of Contents

PreteriteIrregulares

-Car, –Gar, -Zar

Tocar Jugar comenzar

Toque Jugue Comence

Tocaste Jugaste Comenzaste

Toco Jugo Comenzo

tocamos jugamos comenzamos

tocaron jugaron comenzaron

**spelling change in 1st person only

SPOCK

Cucaracha

snake something?

Modal verbs Conjugate and pair the modal verb with an infinitive to get a new meaning.

Vocab Meaning

Deber Should, ought to, must

Desear To desire

Necesitar To need

Poder Can, could, might, be able to

querer Want, would like to

Saber Usually, used to

soler Know, know how to

ir+a+infinitive (going to do something)

poder+infinitive (are able to do something)

querer+infinitive (want to do something)

deber+infinitive (should do something)

tener que+infinitive (to have to do something)

soler+infinitive (to be accustomed to)

necesitar+infinitive (to need something)

Los Adverbios Most Spanish adverbs are formed by adding -mente to the feminine singular form of the adjective. This ending corresponds to -ly in English.

Adj. Fem. form Adv.

claro clara claramente

constante constanteconstantemente

difícil difícil difícilmente

‣When two adverbs modify the same verb, only the second one uses the -mente ending. Note that the first adverb is the same as the feminine singular form of the adjective.

Progressive Tense....present

the present progressive is only used to describe an action that is in the process of taking place. It is not used for future actions

To form the present progressive in Spanish, combine a form of "estar" with the present participle.

comer: comiendo(comer - er + iendo)hacer: haciendo

(hacer - er + iendo)vivir: viviendo(vivir - ir + iendo)escribir: escribiendo

(escribir - ir + iendo)

hablar: hablando(hablar - ar + ando)trabajar: trabajando

(trabajar - ar + ando)estudiar: estudiando(estudiar - ar + ando)

Participles....past

To form the past participle, simply drop the infinitive ending (-ar, -er, -ir) and add -ado (for -ar verbs) or -ido (for -er, -ir verbs).

They were studying. Ellos estaban estudiando ahora.We were selling a novel Estábamos vendiendo una novela.He was eating a lot. Él estaba comiendo mucho.She was leaving in two days. Estaba partiendo en dos días.