Ferdinand Marcos

Ferdinand MarcosBy:Kim Pamela Co #9Janine Chua #8Kimberly Yu #34I-Compassion

Personal Data

Full Name: Ferdinand Edralin

MarcosBorn On: Sept. 11, 1917 in Sarrat,

PhilippinesDied On: Sept. 28, 1989 in

Honolulu, Hawaii,

U.SWas President from: 1966 – 1986.

Wife: Imelda Romuáldez

Children: •Maria Imelda Marcos (Imee)

•Ferdinand Emmanuel Marcos, Jr.

(Bong-Bong)•Irene Marcos-Araneta•Aimee Marcos (adopted)

Intr

oduc

tion

Ferdinand Marcos was the son of a politician, he practiced as a trial lawyer before serving under Manuel Roxas, the first president of the independent Philippines. He was himself elected president in 1966. In his first term, he made progress in agriculture, industry, and education.

New Society Certain habits/behaviors of the people

contribute to the obstacles to modernization.1. Ethic of “utang na loob” .2. Colonial mentality .

3. In-group harmony and coherence . A spirit of self-sacrifice for the progress of the

nation was needed. “Sa ikauunlad ng bayan, disiplina ang

kailangan”

.

The specific areas of the New Society envisioned by Pres. Marcos for reform:

1.Peace and Order2.Land Reforms3.Educational Reforms4.Labor Reforms5.Government Reorganization6.Economic Reforms7.Social Services

New Society

1. Peace and OrderMartial law – to restore peace and orderCriminals were either captured and detained or killed

2. Land ReformsExploitation of the poor and landless peasants by their landlordsPresidential Decree No. 2 - proclaiming the “whole country as a reform area”Presidential Decree No. 27 – abolishes tenancyBy the end of martial law in 1981, 532, 153 tenant-farmers had become owners of rice and corn lands in 45 provinces.

3. Educational ReformsMarcos believed that education was a very important role towards the goal of the “New Society”.President Marcos vowed that his administration “shall educate our children, our men and women, and ourselves.”Education Development Decree of 1972 – defines a more responsive role for the education system

4. Labor ReformsFirst Labor DayPresidential Decree No. 21 – fast and just settlements of disputes through the National Labor Relations CommissionPresidential Decree 99 – minimum wages for household helpersPresidential Decree No. 143 – “Blue Sunday Law” (mandatory rest for every worker once a week)Presidential Decree No. 148 – eliminates anti-employment provisions of the Woman and Child Labor LawPresidential Decree No. 197 – More effective apprenticeship program

5. Gov’t ReorganizationPresidential Decree No. 1 – “Integrated Reorganization Plan (dismiss corrupt officials) (a total of 6, 655 employees were dismissed)

6. Economic Reforms

GNP Growth

Rate

6 Key Industries of

the Philippines

Presidential Decree No. 3 – appropriating funds for public works involving rehabilitation and capital development

7. Social ServicesThe Marcos Administration extended social services available to the people, focusing on the people affected by povertyAim – to make the people self-reliant and productive

1.Health and Nutrition2.Family Planning3.Housing and Human Settlements

Masagana 99

We became the top exporters of rice

6 Key Industries of

the Philippines

Liberal credit and extension work was the “secret” of Masagana 99Educated agricultural techniciansProvided farmers with full credit supportAfter 3 years, the Philippines experienced its highest productivity increase in rice production (1976-1985)Masagana 99 uplifted the lives of the farmersMobilized government resources to help the farmers in rural areas (helicopters, etc..)

Gross National Product

Encourages economical growthFarmers were given technical and financial aid as well as other incentives

Good Effects:•Economic growth rate increases from 5% to 6-7% (1970-1980)•The GNP increases from P55 billion (1972) to P193 billion (1980)

Bad Effects:•Debt from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank rises from US$2.3 billion (1970) to US$24.4 billion (1983)•An estimated 10% of the GNP is being pocketed.

GNP Growth

Rate

Development of InfrastructuresBuildings:•Hospitals•Specialty Hospitals – Philippine Heart Center, Lung Center, Kidney Institute, Philippine Children Hospital•Schools•Power Plants – geothermal plants, hydroelectric plants•An International Airport•Housing Projects•Restorations – Intramuros, Luneta Park, etc…•Philippine International Convention Center•Makiling Center for the Arts (National Arts Center)•Malacañang ti Amianan (Laoag)•Nayong Pilipino•Museum for Native Art (Tacloban)•Palace In the Sky (Tagaytay)•Government Buildings

Bridges:•San Juanico Bridge (Samar and Leyte)

Toll-Ways:•Manila North Diversion Road

Roads and Highways:•Marcos Highway (Baguio)

These achievements gave the Philippines a taste of economic prosperity throughout the 1970’s

Open-Door PolicyIt was an open-door policy mainly on trade and cultural relationsStarted trading with countries with Russia and China and other socialist countriesIt was a “cautious open-door policy”Built up relationships with countries who were enemies with the United StatesBeing the “Iron Butterfly”, Imelda Marcos, with her charm, went on foreign trips to open trade relationships, exchange culture and get financial assistance.

Political Achievements

1973 Constitution•Republic Act No. 6132 – “1970 Constitutional Convention Act•Presidential Decree No. 73 – date of the plebiscite•General Order No. 20 – postponing the plebiscite•Proclamation No. 1102 – Constitution was ratified (organized by Marcos through Presidential Decree No. 86)

Batasang Bayan and the IBP (Interim Batasang Pambansa

•Presidential Decree No. 995 – created the Batasang Bayan

Political Achievements

1980 and 1981 Amendments•1973 Constitution•Retirement age = 70•Modified parliamentary system

1984 Amendments•1973 Constitution•Abolished Executive Committee•Vice President

“constitutional authoritarianism” as understood and practiced in the New Society

Economic Achievements

Economic Prosperity during the 1970’s and the early 1980’sFarmers had “price support” and financial supportSelf-sufficient in rice exports“Kilusang Kabuhayan at Kaunlaran”Overseas Filipino WorkersDevelopment of Infrastructures

Social AchievementsNew Society – Educational Reforms, Labor Reforms, Land Reforms Social ServicesHousing ProjectsMartial Law – maintained peace and order

Conc

lusi

onAlthough Marcos was branded as

dictator, corrupt, human rights violator by fictional tales passed on from generation to generation and his achievements were expunged subtly by the manipulation of mass media and vindictiveness of the administration that succeeded him, the impacts of his interventions remained and are undeniably germane part of our country’s system.

Sources•http://philippines-archipelago.com/history/marcos_regime.html•http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/2646931/ferdinand_marcos_and_the_martial_law.html•http://michaelborja.wordpress.com/2009/11/18/more-marcos-accomplishments/•http://www.philippinecountry.com/philippine_history/marcos_time.html•Ferdinand Marcos and the Philippines: The Political Economy of Authoritarianism by Albert F. Celoza•http://www.harpweek.com/09Cartoon/BrowseByDateCartoon.asp?Month=November&Date=18•http://countrystudies.us/philippines/28.htm•http://joseangelito-angeles.tripod.com/marcos.htm