The Dictator The Dictator Ferdinand MarcosFerdinand Marcos

Alexa and JenniferAlexa and Jennifer

1917-1989

The Country Before The Country Before LeadershipLeadership • December 1898- Spain gives up the Philippines to December 1898- Spain gives up the Philippines to

the United States after the Spanish-American Warthe United States after the Spanish-American War• January 1899- Revolutionary leader Emilio January 1899- Revolutionary leader Emilio

Aguinaldo establishes the Philippine Republic Aguinaldo establishes the Philippine Republic • The Malolos Constitution- Made it so that the The Malolos Constitution- Made it so that the

power of the government belonged in the hands power of the government belonged in the hands of the people. It also separtated the powers of the of the people. It also separtated the powers of the church and state, created three branches of church and state, created three branches of government, and established civil rights for the government, and established civil rights for the peoplepeople

• 1901- Aguinaldo is captured by U.S forces, and 1901- Aguinaldo is captured by U.S forces, and under the leadership of Governor General William under the leadership of Governor General William Howard Taft a civil government is establishedHoward Taft a civil government is established

• 1916- The Philippines are promised to be granted 1916- The Philippines are promised to be granted independence independence

• 1935- The Philippines become a commonwealth with a 1935- The Philippines become a commonwealth with a self elected government with a constitution. The upper self elected government with a constitution. The upper class keep control over the democratic institutions class keep control over the democratic institutions

• 1941- Japanese soldiers invade the Philippines and stay 1941- Japanese soldiers invade the Philippines and stay within the country through most of WWIIwithin the country through most of WWII

• 1943- The Preparatory Commission for Philippine 1943- The Preparatory Commission for Philippine Independence was being prepared as a new constitution Independence was being prepared as a new constitution

• 1946- The Philippines become independent once again 1946- The Philippines become independent once again and the 1935 Constitution was once again put into order and the 1935 Constitution was once again put into order

• 1961-1965- Diosdado Macapagal served as the president 1961-1965- Diosdado Macapagal served as the president of the Philippines as he tired to get rid of the corruption of the Philippines as he tired to get rid of the corruption within the country. within the country.

Judge ChuaJudge Chua • The true father of Marcos The true father of Marcos

• Billionaire of an elite Chinese family Billionaire of an elite Chinese family

• Helped him pursue his law studies Helped him pursue his law studies

• Connections aided Marcos in gaining money Connections aided Marcos in gaining money from Chinese businessmen, gain access with from Chinese businessmen, gain access with the Taiwanese government, the Japanese the Taiwanese government, the Japanese underworld, and the Americans. underworld, and the Americans.

• Marcos later rewrote his illegitimacy in history Marcos later rewrote his illegitimacy in history

Events that Led to PowerEvents that Led to Power• 1933- Ferdinand Marcos’ father, Mariano Marcos, 1933- Ferdinand Marcos’ father, Mariano Marcos,

political opponent is murderedpolitical opponent is murdered• 1939- Marcos is arrested and found guilty 1939- Marcos is arrested and found guilty • 1940- Marcos represents himself in court and his 1940- Marcos represents himself in court and his

murder conviction is overturnedmurder conviction is overturned• During WWII- Marcos serves as an officer in the During WWII- Marcos serves as an officer in the

Philippines Armed Forces, and is claimed to have Philippines Armed Forces, and is claimed to have led a querilla unit against the Japanese.led a querilla unit against the Japanese.

• 1946- Marcos returns to Manila to practice law 1946- Marcos returns to Manila to practice law • 1947- Marcos becomes assistant to the 1947- Marcos becomes assistant to the

Philippines presidentPhilippines president

• 1949- Marcos is elected to represent his home 1949- Marcos is elected to represent his home province, becoming the youngest member to ever province, becoming the youngest member to ever join house join house

• 1957- Re-elected to the House of Representatives 1957- Re-elected to the House of Representatives • 1959- Quickly moves up to Senate, tops the 1959- Quickly moves up to Senate, tops the

election and becomes the opposition leader in election and becomes the opposition leader in ParliamentParliament

• 1961- Marcos drops out of presidency running on 1961- Marcos drops out of presidency running on the understanding that his nomination will be the understanding that his nomination will be supported in the 1965 election supported in the 1965 election

• 1964- Marcos is the Senate president but the 1964- Marcos is the Senate president but the Liberals refuse to keep their 1961 agreement, he Liberals refuse to keep their 1961 agreement, he then changes his alliance to the Nationalista then changes his alliance to the Nationalista Party, and runs for presidency Party, and runs for presidency

• 1965- Wins election and promises to improve 1965- Wins election and promises to improve living conditions for the average person and do a living conditions for the average person and do a land reformland reform

Actions to Gain Complete Actions to Gain Complete ControlControl

• 1967- Marcos helps to found Association of 1967- Marcos helps to found Association of Southeast Asian Nations, and two years later he Southeast Asian Nations, and two years later he wins his second four year term as presidentwins his second four year term as president

• During this term growth slows, quality of life During this term growth slows, quality of life deteriorates, violence and crime become deteriorates, violence and crime become everyday occurrences, the Communist Party everyday occurrences, the Communist Party starts to gain more popularity in the provinces starts to gain more popularity in the provinces

• As social unrest continues to build, student As social unrest continues to build, student demonstrators try to attack the Malacanang demonstrators try to attack the Malacanang Palace, and large cities are rocked by bombings. Palace, and large cities are rocked by bombings.

• Marcos blames the leftists and suspends the Marcos blames the leftists and suspends the habeas corpus habeas corpus

• 1971- A constitution is introduced by the 1971- A constitution is introduced by the opposition. This would make it so he would not be opposition. This would make it so he would not be able to remain as head f the state after his able to remain as head f the state after his presidential term is over.presidential term is over.

• The defence minister Juan Ponce Enrile is The defence minister Juan Ponce Enrile is assassinated and the Martial Law is introduced with assassinated and the Martial Law is introduced with the promises of a new society without poverty or the promises of a new society without poverty or injustice injustice

• It is found out that the assassination was staged by It is found out that the assassination was staged by the military the military

• Opposing figures, journalists, labour activists, and Opposing figures, journalists, labour activists, and criminals are taken to military compoundscriminals are taken to military compounds

• 1973- Marcos Proclaimed a new constitution 1973- Marcos Proclaimed a new constitution • 1978- Marcos amended his constitution to provide a 1978- Marcos amended his constitution to provide a

powerful presidency to rule by degreepowerful presidency to rule by degree• This time was often called the modified This time was often called the modified

parliamentary form of government, where Marcos parliamentary form of government, where Marcos was both the president and prime minister at the was both the president and prime minister at the same timesame time

State of the NationState of the Nation• During the martial law Marcos has complete During the martial law Marcos has complete

control over his country control over his country • At first the there is stability and economic At first the there is stability and economic

turnaround turnaround • The promised land reforms do not have an effect The promised land reforms do not have an effect • Marcos people and his relatives become the new Marcos people and his relatives become the new

owners of manufacturing and business enterprisesowners of manufacturing and business enterprises• Marcos uses his ultimate power to put people Marcos uses his ultimate power to put people

from his hometown into positions of power in the from his hometown into positions of power in the military and mediamilitary and media

• The military is given unlimited power as they The military is given unlimited power as they increase from 58 000 to 142 000 and all power is increase from 58 000 to 142 000 and all power is taken from the civilians courtstaken from the civilians courts

• 1972-1977- More than 60 000 people are arrested1972-1977- More than 60 000 people are arrested• Low standard of living Low standard of living

Destruction of the Destruction of the DictatorshipDictatorship• 1986- Unrest across the country over the political 1986- Unrest across the country over the political

repression and economic conditionsrepression and economic conditions• February- President Corazon Aquino took over February- President Corazon Aquino took over

and issued Presidential Proclamation No. 3. and issued Presidential Proclamation No. 3. • Marcos left to HawaiiMarcos left to Hawaii• 1988- Marcos and Imelda were charged by the 1988- Marcos and Imelda were charged by the

U.SU.S• Charges were dropped with Marcos died and Charges were dropped with Marcos died and

Imelda was found not guilty Imelda was found not guilty • Imelda went back to the Philippines to face civil Imelda went back to the Philippines to face civil

and criminal charges and criminal charges

• Imelda ran for president in 1992Imelda ran for president in 1992• 1995-1998- served on the House of 1995-1998- served on the House of

Representatives Representatives • Present day- reelected to the House of Present day- reelected to the House of

Representatives Representatives • Ferdinand Marcos Jr. was elected to senate Ferdinand Marcos Jr. was elected to senate • Benigno Aquino is president Benigno Aquino is president

ReferencesReferences

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• Grossholtz, Jean. "Marcos, Ferdinand Edralin." Grossholtz, Jean. "Marcos, Ferdinand Edralin." World Book AdvancedWorld Book Advanced. World . World Book, 2010. Web.  14 Nov. 2010. Book, 2010. Web.  14 Nov. 2010.

• "CIA - The World Factbook." "CIA - The World Factbook." Welcome to the CIA Web Site — Central Welcome to the CIA Web Site — Central Intelligence AgencyIntelligence Agency. Web. 15 Nov. 2010. . Web. 15 Nov. 2010.

• "Ferdinand Marcos Biography - Life, Family, Childhood, Parents, Story, "Ferdinand Marcos Biography - Life, Family, Childhood, Parents, Story, Death, History, School, Young, Old, Information, Born, College, House, Death, History, School, Young, Old, Information, Born, College, House, Time, Year." Time, Year." Encyclopedia of World BiographyEncyclopedia of World Biography. Web. 15 Nov. 2010. . Web. 15 Nov. 2010.

• Litwinenko., By Jerrold. "Imelda." Litwinenko., By Jerrold. "Imelda." BlogTO | Toronto BlogBlogTO | Toronto Blog. 11 July 2009. Web. . 11 July 2009. Web. 16 Nov. 2010. 16 Nov. 2010.

• "Top Philippines News Stories of 2006." "Top Philippines News Stories of 2006." Chris Pforr HomepageChris Pforr Homepage. Web. 16 . Web. 16

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