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Hand instruments used in Dentistry, a general overview of classification of different types and uses of the instruments.More detailed description about some of the commonly used cutting instruments is provided. I hope you find it useful... Thank you :)
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Dental Instruments
Presented by : Samar A. Fadel.
بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
Dental Insturments
What are they?
Definition: Hand instruments are those instruments that are used manually without a power source .
Hand Instrument Design:
Handle Portion of the instrument where the operator grasps.
Shank Part of the instrument that attaches the working end to
the handle. Working end
Portion of the instrument with a specific function.
Identifying Hand Instruments:
Referred to by: Name Assigned number
Black’s instrument formula Describes the angulations. Describes the dimensions.
History:
The early hand-operated instruments characterized by:
Large, heavy handles and inferior metal alloys in the blades.
They were difficult to use, ineffective in many situations because there was no uniformity of manufacture or nomenclature.
Many dentists made their own hand instruments for different needs.
The experience was something like this :
:Classification
G.V Black is credited with the first acceptable nomenclature and classification of hand instruments.
His classification system enabled both dentists and manufacturers to communicate more clearly and effectively in regard to instrument design and function.
Dr. G. V. Black classified instruments according to :
ORDER names: Denote the purpose for which the instrument is to be used.Such as Mallet or clamps.
SUBORDER names: Define the manner or position of use of the instrument, such as hand mallet or molar clamps.
CLASS names: Describes the working point of the instrument , such as spoon excavator or inverted cone bur. SUBCLASS names: Indicates the angle of the shank, such as bin-angel.
What do you think these numbers mean?!
15-95-8-12R
Dr. Black also evolved the instrument formula by which instruments could be readily duplicated anywhere .
-The number of a gingival margin trimmer is given as 15-95-8-12R: The first two digits (15) designate the width of the blade in tenths of millimeter, the third and fourth(95) its length in millimeters.
-The fifth digit(8) represents the angle which the blade forms with axis of the handle expressed in hundredths of a circle(100 gradations or centigrade's).
-The sixth and seventh digits represent the angle made by the cutting edge with the axis of the hand( in instruments in which the
cutting edge is at angle to the length of the blade) .-The handle letter (R or L) signifies that the instrument is one of a
pair made in “rights” and “lefts” in order to work more efficiently.
Hand Instrum
ents
Non-cutting
Instruments
Explorers Perio. probs
Mirrors
Amalgam
condensers
Others
Cutting Instrum
ents
Excavators
Ordinary
HatchesHoes Angle
formers
Spoon excavat
ors
Others
Knives
scalers
carvers
Chisels
Straight Curved Bin-Angled
Enamel Hatchet
Gingival margin trimmer
s
Hatchets: -the blade and cutting edge are on a plane with the long
axis of the handle, the shank has two angles -Used for cutting enamel, and to smooth the walls and
floors of the tooth preparation. -used in Class II preparations, especially for finishing the
enamel margins and removing unsupported enamel.
Gingival margin trimmer: Used to cut enamel and place bevels along the gingival
enamel margins of the preparation. used for rounding or beveling of the axiopulpal line angle
of two-surface preparations.
Hoe: Used to plane the walls and floors of the tooth
preparation. Similar than chisel but the blade is angled more than
12.5 centigrades - Used to remove unsupported enamel
Chisel: Used to cut the enamel margin of the tooth preparation,
form sharp lines, point angles, and place retention grooves. Straight chisel Bin-angle chisel Wedelstaedt chisel Angle former
Please don’t be thise kind of Dentists :P
Guys, never forget this
Thank you .…
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