Dental Instruments

Presented by : Samar A. Fadel.

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

Dental Insturments

What are they?

Definition: Hand instruments are those instruments that are used manually without a power source .

Hand Instrument Design:

Handle Portion of the instrument where the operator grasps.

Shank Part of the instrument that attaches the working end to

the handle. Working end

Portion of the instrument with a specific function.

Identifying Hand Instruments:

Referred to by: Name Assigned number

Black’s instrument formula Describes the angulations. Describes the dimensions.

History:

The early hand-operated instruments characterized by:

Large, heavy handles and inferior metal alloys in the blades.

They were difficult to use, ineffective in many situations because there was no uniformity of manufacture or nomenclature.

Many dentists made their own hand instruments for different needs.

The experience was something like this :

:Classification

G.V Black is credited with the first acceptable nomenclature and classification of hand instruments.

His classification system enabled both dentists and manufacturers to communicate more clearly and effectively in regard to instrument design and function.

Dr. G. V. Black classified instruments according to :

ORDER names: Denote the purpose for which the instrument is to be used.Such as Mallet or clamps.

SUBORDER names: Define the manner or position of use of the instrument, such as hand mallet or molar clamps.

CLASS names: Describes the working point of the instrument , such as spoon excavator or inverted cone bur. SUBCLASS names: Indicates the angle of the shank, such as bin-angel.

What do you think these numbers mean?!

15-95-8-12R

Dr. Black also evolved the instrument formula by which instruments could be readily duplicated anywhere .

-The number of a gingival margin trimmer is given as 15-95-8-12R: The first two digits (15) designate the width of the blade in tenths of millimeter, the third and fourth(95) its length in millimeters.

-The fifth digit(8) represents the angle which the blade forms with axis of the handle expressed in hundredths of a circle(100 gradations or centigrade's).

-The sixth and seventh digits represent the angle made by the cutting edge with the axis of the hand( in instruments in which the

cutting edge is at angle to the length of the blade) .-The handle letter (R or L) signifies that the instrument is one of a

pair made in “rights” and “lefts” in order to work more efficiently.

Hand Instrum

ents

Non-cutting

Instruments

Explorers Perio. probs

Mirrors

Amalgam

condensers

Others

Cutting Instrum

ents

Excavators

Ordinary

HatchesHoes Angle

formers

Spoon excavat

ors

Others

Knives

scalers

carvers

Chisels

Straight Curved Bin-Angled

Enamel Hatchet

Gingival margin trimmer

s

Hatchets: -the blade and cutting edge are on a plane with the long

axis of the handle, the shank has two angles -Used for cutting enamel, and to smooth the walls and

floors of the tooth preparation. -used in Class II preparations, especially for finishing the

enamel margins and removing unsupported enamel.

Gingival margin trimmer: Used to cut enamel and place bevels along the gingival

enamel margins of the preparation. used for rounding or beveling of the axiopulpal line angle

of two-surface preparations.

Hoe: Used to plane the walls and floors of the tooth

preparation. Similar than chisel but the blade is angled more than

12.5 centigrades - Used to remove unsupported enamel

Chisel: Used to cut the enamel margin of the tooth preparation,

form sharp lines, point angles, and place retention grooves. Straight chisel Bin-angle chisel Wedelstaedt chisel Angle former

Please don’t be thise kind of Dentists :P

Guys, never forget this

Thank you .…