20.02.2013, International Experience: Responsible Mining & Protected Areas, Amanda Fine

Amanda Fine

Mongolia Country Program Director

Wildlife Conservation Society

Extractive Industries as New Partners for Protected Areas

Industry Support Through:

Financial Contributions

Environmental Planning & Management

Research Relevant to PAs

Raising Public Support for PAs

Bolivia: The Chiquitano Forest Conservation Foundation (FCBC) Established in 1999

Two companies (Enron and Shell)

Four conservation organizations (2 Bolivian NGOs; WCS and Missouri Botanical Garden)

Founding members committed US $30 million over 15 years---$2 million/year/company for 5 years and matchof funds raised by conservation organizations up to $10 million

FCBC supports the long-term funding objectives of the conservation plan for the region (8 million hectares)

The Chiquitano Forest Conservation Foundation (FCBC) Governance Structure:

Board of Directors oversees and approves yearly work plan and budgets

Board of Directors: representatives from 4 conservation organizations and 1 representative from the 2 companies

Stakeholder Committee

Aims to represent 90% of regional actors

Agriculture and Forestry, Municipalities, Cattle Ranching Associations and Indigenous Organizations

Bolivia: The Chiquitano Forest Conservation Foundation (FCBC) Improved protection in

Chiquitano Dry Forest, Cerrado & Bolivian Pantanal ecoregions

Incentives for land-use planning integrating sustainable use

New reserves (private & municipal)

Land titles to indigenous groups

Company Commitment “A critical element is a commitment by the extractive

companies to be explicit about their impact on biodiversity and protected areas, and to design and implement management measures to minimize any negative impact and – in the best case – to provide net benefits to the protected area system of a country”

-Chapter 2: Extractive industries as a new constituency for protected areas; Assheton Stewart Carter. Edited by McNeely, Jeffrey A. (2005). Friends for Life: New partners in support of protected areas. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. ix + 232pp.

Biodiversity Offsets and protected areas

Biodiversity offsets:

Opportunities for business in

Mongolia

Business and Biodiversity Offset Programme (BBOP)

Residual Impact

- ve

+ ve

Bio

div

ersi

ty V

alu

e

Elements of NPI

PIPI PI PI

Av Av Av

MtMt

Rs

Ofs Ofs

ACA

Net Positive Impact, NPI

PI = Predicted Impact

Av = Avoidance

Mt = Mitigation

Rs = Restoration

Ofs = Offsets

ACA = Additional Conservation Actions

Source: Rio Tinto and Govt of Australia

The mitigation hierarchy and biodiversity offsets

Biodiversity offsets are measurable conservation

outcomes resulting from actions designed to compensate

for significant residual adverse biodiversity impacts

arising from project development after appropriate

prevention and mitigation measures have been taken.

The goal of biodiversity offsets is to achieve no net loss

and preferably a net gain of biodiversity on the ground

with respect to species composition, habitat structure,

ecosystem function and people’s use and cultural values

associated with biodiversity.

Definition

1. Legal requirements: Law requiring offsets (e.g. US, EU, Brazil, Australia)

Law enabling offsets (e.g. EIA, planning law)

2. The business case for voluntary biodiversity offsets:

Good practice:

• Companies obtain permits rapidly and operate cost-effectively.• Competitive advantage: best companies are preferred partners.• Good relationships with government, local communities,

environmental groups, employees.

Bad practice:

• Permit delays, liabilities, lost revenues. • Higher operating costs.

3. Investor Requirements

Why should developers implement biodiversity offsets ?

1. No net loss

2. Additional conservation outcomes

3. Adherence to the mitigation hierarchy

4. Limits to what can be offset

5. Landscape Context

6. Stakeholder participation

7. Equity

8. Long-term outcomes

9. Transparency

10. Science and traditional knowledge

Principles for biodiversity offsets

International Examples: LomPangar Dam in Cameroon Project Financing: World Bank, the Agence Francais

du Development and the European Investment Bank.

The water/electricity company has agreed to pay $700,000 per year from the collection of water tariffs to ensure protection of Deng Deng National Park, along with large buffer areas (including a community managed forest) to protect gorilla habitat and ensure survival of those species.

Analysis to determine the area and type of habitat needed and to determine the budget needed to support the PA and the other conservation work

International Examples:Zanaga Iron Ore Mine in Congo

Offsets are planned that will finance the creation of a new protected area in Congo. The PA is located on the border with Gabon and result in the creation of a new transboundary park

International Examples: Government Regulations on Biodiversity Offsets The Colombian Government will issue a new

regulation this year that will require offsets. Part of the funding from the offset payments will go to support protected areas. Eligible payments will be for creation of new areas including corridors, the restoration of degraded areas in parks, the payments needed to move people from parks and resettle, etc. Peru is looking at similar legislation.

Biodiversity Offsets in Mongolia

• Introductory & Technical Training Workshop: April 2010• South Gobi Stakeholders workshop: March 2011• BBOP Overview in Mongolian language• MNET member of BBOP Advisory Group• TNC – Development by Design• Resources: http://bbop.forest-trends.org/

Thank you very much