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Amanda Fine
Mongolia Country Program Director
Wildlife Conservation Society
Extractive Industries as New Partners for Protected Areas
Industry Support Through:
Financial Contributions
Environmental Planning & Management
Research Relevant to PAs
Raising Public Support for PAs
Bolivia: The Chiquitano Forest Conservation Foundation (FCBC) Established in 1999
Two companies (Enron and Shell)
Four conservation organizations (2 Bolivian NGOs; WCS and Missouri Botanical Garden)
Founding members committed US $30 million over 15 years---$2 million/year/company for 5 years and matchof funds raised by conservation organizations up to $10 million
FCBC supports the long-term funding objectives of the conservation plan for the region (8 million hectares)
The Chiquitano Forest Conservation Foundation (FCBC) Governance Structure:
Board of Directors oversees and approves yearly work plan and budgets
Board of Directors: representatives from 4 conservation organizations and 1 representative from the 2 companies
Stakeholder Committee
Aims to represent 90% of regional actors
Agriculture and Forestry, Municipalities, Cattle Ranching Associations and Indigenous Organizations
Bolivia: The Chiquitano Forest Conservation Foundation (FCBC) Improved protection in
Chiquitano Dry Forest, Cerrado & Bolivian Pantanal ecoregions
Incentives for land-use planning integrating sustainable use
New reserves (private & municipal)
Land titles to indigenous groups
Company Commitment “A critical element is a commitment by the extractive
companies to be explicit about their impact on biodiversity and protected areas, and to design and implement management measures to minimize any negative impact and – in the best case – to provide net benefits to the protected area system of a country”
-Chapter 2: Extractive industries as a new constituency for protected areas; Assheton Stewart Carter. Edited by McNeely, Jeffrey A. (2005). Friends for Life: New partners in support of protected areas. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. ix + 232pp.
Biodiversity Offsets and protected areas
Biodiversity offsets:
Opportunities for business in
Mongolia
Business and Biodiversity Offset Programme (BBOP)
Residual Impact
- ve
+ ve
Bio
div
ersi
ty V
alu
e
Elements of NPI
PIPI PI PI
Av Av Av
MtMt
Rs
Ofs Ofs
ACA
Net Positive Impact, NPI
PI = Predicted Impact
Av = Avoidance
Mt = Mitigation
Rs = Restoration
Ofs = Offsets
ACA = Additional Conservation Actions
Source: Rio Tinto and Govt of Australia
The mitigation hierarchy and biodiversity offsets
Biodiversity offsets are measurable conservation
outcomes resulting from actions designed to compensate
for significant residual adverse biodiversity impacts
arising from project development after appropriate
prevention and mitigation measures have been taken.
The goal of biodiversity offsets is to achieve no net loss
and preferably a net gain of biodiversity on the ground
with respect to species composition, habitat structure,
ecosystem function and people’s use and cultural values
associated with biodiversity.
Definition
1. Legal requirements: Law requiring offsets (e.g. US, EU, Brazil, Australia)
Law enabling offsets (e.g. EIA, planning law)
2. The business case for voluntary biodiversity offsets:
Good practice:
• Companies obtain permits rapidly and operate cost-effectively.• Competitive advantage: best companies are preferred partners.• Good relationships with government, local communities,
environmental groups, employees.
Bad practice:
• Permit delays, liabilities, lost revenues. • Higher operating costs.
3. Investor Requirements
Why should developers implement biodiversity offsets ?
1. No net loss
2. Additional conservation outcomes
3. Adherence to the mitigation hierarchy
4. Limits to what can be offset
5. Landscape Context
6. Stakeholder participation
7. Equity
8. Long-term outcomes
9. Transparency
10. Science and traditional knowledge
Principles for biodiversity offsets
International Examples: LomPangar Dam in Cameroon Project Financing: World Bank, the Agence Francais
du Development and the European Investment Bank.
The water/electricity company has agreed to pay $700,000 per year from the collection of water tariffs to ensure protection of Deng Deng National Park, along with large buffer areas (including a community managed forest) to protect gorilla habitat and ensure survival of those species.
Analysis to determine the area and type of habitat needed and to determine the budget needed to support the PA and the other conservation work
International Examples:Zanaga Iron Ore Mine in Congo
Offsets are planned that will finance the creation of a new protected area in Congo. The PA is located on the border with Gabon and result in the creation of a new transboundary park
International Examples: Government Regulations on Biodiversity Offsets The Colombian Government will issue a new
regulation this year that will require offsets. Part of the funding from the offset payments will go to support protected areas. Eligible payments will be for creation of new areas including corridors, the restoration of degraded areas in parks, the payments needed to move people from parks and resettle, etc. Peru is looking at similar legislation.
Biodiversity Offsets in Mongolia
• Introductory & Technical Training Workshop: April 2010• South Gobi Stakeholders workshop: March 2011• BBOP Overview in Mongolian language• MNET member of BBOP Advisory Group• TNC – Development by Design• Resources: http://bbop.forest-trends.org/
Thank you very much