Russia!

Russia’s Birtho Page 307

• Slavs + Byzantines

• Vikings!

Vikings!• Rus!

• Ruriko Novgorod – 862

• Kiev principalito Marrieges between vikings and slavs

• Orthodoxo Princess Olgao Vladimir – p. 308

The Mongol Invasions• The end of Kiev

o 1240

• Kanate of the golden Horde o 200 years

• Great Brutality

• Religious Freedon

• Isolation from western nations

Russia Breaks Free• Moscow

o 1100o Strategic positionso Ivan Moneybag

• Chalenging mongol ruleo Ivan IIIo Czaro The third Romeo Bloodless standoff

• Ugra River

Ivan the Terrible• The good period

o Czar at 16o Anastasia Romanov

• boyarso Code of justice

• The bad periodo After Anastasia died

• Poisened?• Persecution of all boyars

o Ivan’s police forceo New class of noble land lords

Ivan the Terrible

Ivan the Terrible• Ivan the Terrible was the Tsar of Russia for most of the 16th

Century. In 1581, he caught his daughter-in-law wearing ‘immodest clothing in front of everyone’ and struck her. She was apparently pregnant and she may or may not have had a miscarriage because of it. 

Ivan’s son and the girl’s husband, also named Ivan after his father, hears about it and gets into a really heated argument with his father that ends with Ivan the Terrible taking a swing at his son with his pointed staff. It’s said that he immediately fell down and kissed his son’s face, pressing his hands against his left temple to try to stop the bleeding. He famously screamed “May I be damned! I’ve killed my son! I’ve killed my son!” His son briefly regained consciousness and his last words were “I die as a devoted son and most humble servant.”

Ivan the Terrible• A week second son

o No heir

• Times of strugle between the boyarso Execution of the possible heirs of Ivan

• Michael Romanovo 1613o Grand nephew of Anastasiao Dynasty Romanov

Peter the Great• Beckward Russia

o Feudalism and serfs until mid 1800o Constantinople not romeo Frozen seaportso Mongol rule during the renaissanceo Orthodox religion

• The young Cazar travelso csar at 24o Fascinated with science and macchinery from the westo Travelingo Much needed warm port

Westernizationo Reduced the power of churcho Reduced the power of great land ownerso Great armyo Potatoeso Newspaperso Women out homeo Western clothingo Schools of navigations arts and science

• St. Peterburgo The need of a city with a porto Swedeno 21 years of war

Peter the Great• A multiethnic continental country

o Conquest of the siberian tribeso A population of only 14 million

• The Empire of Russiao 1721

• The nine-menber senateo Donw with the boyars dumao Collect taxes!

Catherine the Great

Catherine the Great• Problens with Peter’s succession

o 32 years – 4 rulers

• A German princesso who married the German heir to the Russiancrowno A week heiro You know what happens to week heirs?

• The Catherinian Erao is often considered the Golden Age of the Russian Empire and the Russian nobility

Catherine the Great• Catherine the patron

o arts, science and learning

• Creation of the University of Moscow

• Education for Women

• Up with the nobility!o abolishing mandatory state service

Expanding Russia• Absorbing new lands

o New Russia, Crimea, Northern Caucasus, Right-bank Ukraine, Belarus, Lithuania, and Courland .

• Atack of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth

• First Russo-Turkish War o Ottoman Empire o access to the Black Sea

• Added 200,000 square miles o (520,000 km2)

Lovers• A huge list

• A generous lover

• Her memoirso Is Paul also Illegitimate?o By Serge Saltykov

• Illegitimate childremo Aleksey Grigorievich Bobrinskyo Elizabeth Alexandrovna Alexeevao By Grigory Orlov

Serfs• She created a oppressive social system that

required lords' serfs to spend almost all of their time laboring on the lords' land, which provoked a major peasant uprising in 1773, after Catherine legalized the selling of serfs separate from land.

• Inspired by another Cossack named Pugachev, with the emphatic cry of "Hang all the landlords!" the rebels threatened to take Moscow before they were ruthlessly suppressed. Catherine had Pugachev drawn and quartered in Red Square, but the specter of revolution continued to haunt her and her successors.

Napoleon x Alexander I• Alexander I

o Grandson of Catherine the Great

• General Winter• Moscow on fire• Congress of Vienna

• Nicholas Io Decembrist revolution

• Napoleon influences• A constitution

o "Orthodoxy, Autocracy, and Nationality“

• Alexander IIo 1859 there were 23 million serfs

• total population of Russia 67.1 Milliono 1861 – the abolition of serfdomo The Mir

• Alexander IIIo Stricted censorshipo Close watch on schoolso Political prisoners were sent to Siberiao Opression of multiethinic groups

• State sponsered pogromso Creator of the trans-siberian railway

The End of the Century

The end of the Romanov Dynasty

Nicholas II• Just like his dad

o The autocracy runs in their blood

• A german wifeo Everybody hated hero Did not change religiono Did not speak the languageo Did change her neame from Alix of Hesse to Alexandra Fedorovna

• Just not ready to be kingo Dad died unexpectedlyo  "What is going to happen to me and allof Russia?"

A Bloody Reckless Czar

• Khodynka Tragedyo A party for the new Czaro A stampedeo “The parties, receptions and balls following the Coronation were

darkened by the catastrophe at Khondinka, where 2,000 people were crushed to death. The same day as the catastrophe, I was taking a walk along the Khondinka and I met many groups of people coming back from that site and carrying the Tsar's gifts. The strange thing, though, was that not one person mentioned the catastrophe, and I did not hear about it until the next morning, at the Governor General's palace, where General Prefect of Police Vlasovski brought a special report. Grand Duke Serge Alexandrovich was very depressed by what had happened; he gave Vlasovski orders to return to him every hour with detailed reports on the progress of the investigation into the causes of the disaster.”

• Alexei Volkov

A Bloody Reckless Czar

• Russo-Japanese Waro February 8, 1904o For manchuria and Koreao A warm seaport in the pacifico 40.000 to 70.000 man dead

A Bloody Reckless Czar

• Bloody Sundayo January 22, 1905o A petitiono The Czar was not even in tonw

o Nicky had the police report a few days before. That Saturday he telephoned my mother at the Anitchkov and said that she and I were to leave for Gatchina at once. He and Alicky went to Tsarskoye Selo. Insofar as I remember, my Uncles Vladimir and Nicholas were the only members of the family left in St. Petersburg, but there may have been others. I felt at the time that all those arrangements were hideously wrong. Nicky's ministers and the Chief of Police had it all their way. My mother and I wanted him to stay in St. Petersburg and to face the crowd. I am positive that, for all the ugly mood of some of the workmen, Nicky's appearance would have calmed them. They would have presented their petition and gone back to their homes. But that wretched Epiphany incident had left all the senior officials in a state of panic. They kept on telling Nicky that he had no right to run such a risk, that he owed it to the country to leave the capital, that even with the utmost precautions taken there might always be some loophole left. My mother and I did all we could to pers uade him that the ministers' advice was wrong, but Nicky preferred to follow it and he was the first to repent when he heard of the tragic outcome

o Olga Alexandrovna

A Bloody Reckless Czar

• Anti-Jewish pogroms o 1903 – 1906o State sponsored

The First Great War o 846

• Triple Ententeo Britain, France and Russia

• War in the trenches

• Eastern Front - 849o Russia x Germany + Austro-Hungarians

• 3.3 million dead

Things back Home• The Czar at war

o Alexandra rulling Russia• She is german, remenber?

• Alexei has haemophiliao Finally a orthodoxo Rasputin

• “one must first become familiar with sin beforeone can have a chance in overturning it”

Revolution• War economy

o Poverty and hungero Incompetent ministerso Peasants became soldiers

• No one is to tend the crops

• 1917o Workers strikes

• Everybody is kildo The senate asks for action

• The senate gets dissolved

• Petrograd Sovieto The Czar must abdicate

Imprisonment• So many houses

o The last one was the  Ipatiev Houseo Treated with brutality

•  "Nicholas the Blood-Drinker" • "The German Bitch“

• Lenin and the decisiono "My next visit to Moscow took place after the fall of Ekaterinburg.

Talking to Sverdlov I asked in passing, "Oh yes, and where is the tsar?" "It's all over," he answered. "He has been shot." "And where is his family?" "And the family with him." "All of them?" I asked, apparently with a touch of surprise. "All of them," replied Sverdlov. "What about it?" He was waiting to see my reaction. I made no reply. "And who made the decision?" I asked. "We decided it here. Ilyich (Lenin) believed that we shouldn't leave The Whites a live banner to rally around, especially under the present difficult circumstances."

Murdered• shot dead

o The girls were killed by dint of bayonets

• Not only the family but some servants too

• Anastacia and Alexeio Raped and played witho Another grave sight

• The distruction of the remains

The Bolshevick Revolution

• “peace, land and bread!”o Lenin

• A truce with Germanyo Give away of big parts of Russia – 870

• Civil Waro Red Army x White Armyo The white army – Democrats, czar allies, other kinds of communistso Trotskyo 14 million russians died

• Fighting, hunger, flu, chaos

The Bolshevick Revolution

• Economical Crisis

• NEPo New Economic Policy

• Capitalism

• Self Governing Republics

o A way to maintain peace and organization

• Communist Partyo Dictatorship of the proletariant x Lenin’s dictatorship

Stalin

Stalin• Man of Steel - 877

o  Iossif Vissarionovitch Djugashvili

• Stalin x Trotskyo Trostky flees to exile

• Killed in the most strange and owesome circunstances

• Women rightso Child careo College education

• By 1950 they made up 75% Of all the doctors

o Motherhood as a patriotic duty

Economical changes• Totalitaritist

o Police state – 876o Great purge

• Work campso Religious and ethinic persecution

• Five-year planso Shortageso Impressive economical results

• Collective Farmso The kulaks sterminationo 5 to 10 million people died

World War II• Stalin x hitler

o the pact of steel

• Operation Barbarossa

• General Winter strikes again

o Lightening war x greeceo Scorched earth tatic

• Leningrado Starved but still fightingo 1 million dead

World War II• Moscow

o Hittler on Metho “No retreat”o Two frontso From 330.000 to 21943 half dead german soldiers

• Battle of the Bulgeo Soviets are the first ones to get to Berlino “the Americans gave money, the British gaveTime and the Russians gaveblood”

• Moscow's celebration of the surrender of Germany just might be the single largest spur-of-the-moment anything in history. Thousands of people immediately took to the streets to transform one of the largest cities on the planet into "a sea of vodka," many of them still in their nightclothes.

• Muscovites went on bar-crawls past the embassies of the Allied nations, which sure enough joined in the vodkafest with some of their own alcohol. By the time Joseph Stalin addressed the nation after 22 hours of partying, the entire city's liquor reservoirs were bone dry. As one reporter put it, "I was lucky to buy a liter of vodka at the train station when I arrived, because it was impossible to buy any later ... There was no vodka in Moscow on May 10, we drank it all.“

• That's right. That was the day Russia ran out of vodka.

Cold War• Brinkmanship

o The use of fear tactics and intimidation as strategies to make the opposing faction back down.

• Iron Curtain

• Dividing Germany - 969o The Berling Wall

• The threat of Nuclear War

• Space Race - 971

The Collapse of Soviet Union

• Glasnosto SU is finally open for ideas

• Church, thinkers, newspapers

• Prestroikao Capitalism

• The fall of the Berlin Wall

The Collapse of Soviet Union

1. Armenia

2. Azerbaijan3. Belarus

4. Estonia

5. Georgia

6. Kazakhstan7. Kyrgyzstan8. Latvia

9. Lithuania

10. Moldova

11. Russia

12. Tajikistan

13. Turkmenistan14. Ukraine

15. Uzbekistan