Recreation

A STUDY ON CONSERVATİVE STUDENTS’ PARTICIPATION IN RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES:

A CASE STUDY FROM ANKARA

Ali Yayli (PhD)*, Ali Iskender**and Ceren Avci***Gazi University, TURKEY

Aim and importance of the study

Literature review

Methodology and hypotheses

Findings

Conclusions and suggestions

Limitations

Content

This study aims to search out the interaction between religion and recreational

activities from the perspective of conservative students.

This study also aims to determine a «conservative scale» in terms of leisure times,

so with 5 likerts scale, a conservative scale in terms of leisure times were created

and then The diferentations with participation in recreational activities according

to gender, education status ,conservative and non- conservative respondents were

propounded

Aim and Importance of the Study

Brightbill (1960) defines that leisure is a time beyond which is necessary for

existence, the things which we must do, biologically, to stay alive and

subsistence, the things we must do to make a living ( eating, sleeping etc.) it is the

time to be used according to our choice.

When leisure is defined as free time, then recreation may be said to refer to

activity carried out within that time (Kelly, 1990)

Literature Review

Butler (1976) proposed that recreation is characterized by liberty and

satisfaction.

Recreation is an emotional condition within an individual human being that flows

from a feeling of well-being and satisfaction. It is characterized by feelings of

mastery, achievement, exhilaration, acceptance, success, personal worth and

pleasure(Gray and Pelegrino: 1973).

Literature Review

Huang and Carleton, in a study performed in the universities Thailand, they

detected that joining a recreational activities increase the life satisfaction of

students (Huang and Carleton, 2003).

Recreation in society ,which has cultural and social changes, provides the young’s

personality developments and their integration with school and out of school as

well (Kilbas, 2004)

Literature Review

Torkildsen describe that recreation has a mission giving a standard of high moral

and social value for the good of the individual and society.

Recreation is very important for human life due to its role on ones’ psychological

and physical life. Thus it is important issue that it should be detected the available

recreational activities and tendencies so that the young should be healthy both

mentally and physically. (Müderrisoğlu and Uzun, 2004).

Literature Review

Population of the research: University and high school students in Ankara

Sample of the research: Totally 300 students were chosen with simple random

sample method .

Data collection tool: Quastionnarie

Methodology and Hypotheses

First part: gender, age, and educational status

Second part: 5 points Likert Scale questions consist of 17 items measuring the frequency of participation in some recreational activities and 5 points Likert Scale questions consist of 8 items Conservative Scale in terms of leisure times


In this study, it was brought out a scale with 8 variables to detect the participants’ conservative sensitivities.

On bringing out the scale; it is considered the orientation to recreational activities based on conservatism tendency and then 8 variables were defined.

By getting the arithmetic mean of those variables, the participants under 3,5 of the overall average were accepted as having high conservative tendency , but the participants over 3,5 of the overall average were accepted as having low conservative tendency


Participants appraised the activities with ‘strongly agree’ , ‘agree’, ‘neutral’, ‘disagree’ and ‘strongly disagree’ options according to participating or not participating

Reliability of the 8 items conservative scale in terms of leisure times ( )a was ,923.


I like listening Quran I like following religious broadcasts on internet

I don’t like drinking alcoholic beverages due to my religious beliefs

If my financial status should be enough, I would go to Umrah

I give important to visit relatives in religious Fest

I like visiting religious places in leisure times

I like joining blessed night programs I like watching religious programs on TV

The items added to scale to

measure the conservative sensitivity in

terms of leisure times

reading book, magazine and newspaper

walking

joining in natural sport activities doing sport

joining in social activities listening to music

going to cinema and theater watching TV

joining in scientific and cultural activities

going to places of entertainment

watching sport matches alive. doing shopping

I am interested in gardening jobs going to cafe

Playing games online playing computer games

Surfing internet

Participants appraised the activities with ‘strongly agree’ , ‘agree’, ‘neutral’, ‘disagree’ and

‘strongly disagree’ options according to participating or not participating.

Reliability of the 17 items frequency of participation in recreational activities (a) was ,849.


The items added to scale the frequency of participation in

recreational activities

The items added to scale (the sportive recreational kinds which are played mostly) include:

Handball

Basketball

Football

Ski

Volleyball

Swimming

Tennis

Participants appraised just one of the activities described above as a sport they play most


‘significant difference in respondents’ participation in some recreational activities

between conservative respondents and non-conservative ones’’ (H1,H2,H3,H4,H5,H6)

Significant differences in conservative respondents’ participation in some

recreational activities according to gender and education status .(H7,H8,H9,H10)

(H11,H12,H13,H14,H15,H16,H17,H18)

Significant differences in conservative respondents’ participation in sportive

recreational kinds according to gender (H19)


For entering and interpreting the data, SPSS v.19 (Statistical Package for The

Social Sciences) statistical program was used. From 300 surveys, all of them were

convenient for assessment

Then after evaluating with conservative scale which was mentioned previous

slides , 234 of total 300 participants’ conservative tendencies is high and the

analyses were carried out by considering this sample number.

Findings

Demographic Variables

Gender n % Man 114 38,2 Woman 186 62,2 Age 15-19 124 41,3 20-25 176 58,7 Educational Status

Senior High School

100 33,3

University 200 66,7

The frequency of participation in recreational activities of non-conservative

respondents is that they join in natural sports activities, join social activities, go to

cinema, watch live sport events, do sport, go to entertainment places, go to café ,

is more often than conservative ones (p<0,05)

there was significance difference among the groups with the frequency of

participation in those activities described above. H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6 were

accepted.

Findings

The activities being significant difference among groups(conservative and non-con.)

The activities not being significance difference among groups(conservative and non con.)

H1:I join in natural sport activities (2,80) I read book, magazine and newspaper

H2:I join in social activities (3,95) I join in scientific and cultural activities

H3:I go to cinema and theater (3,64) I am interested in gardening jobsI watch sport matchs alive. (3,06) I walkH4:I do sport (3,80) I listen to musicH5:I go to places of entertainment (3,80) I watch TVH6:I go to cafe (3,91) l do shopping

I play games online

I play computer games

I surf internet

Findings

There is 7 significance differences participating in recreational activities from 17 items and the others don't show significance differences among groups(conservative and non-cons.)

With independent sample t test, it was measured only conservative respondents’

activity participation according to gender and it is seen that there is significance

difference in participation in some of the recreational activities according to

gender.

It was seen that men were more inclined to join natural sport event(2,59), watch

sport match alive(3,29), do sport(3,84), and surf on internet (3,21) than women.

H7, H8, H9, H10 were accepted.

Findings

Also,(with independent t test) participation in recreational activities showed

differentiation according to education status.

According to education status, high school students were more inclined to join

natural sport activities(2,95), join social activities(3,72), watch alive sport

match(3,25), walk(3,93), do sport(4,28), listen to music(4,60), watch TV(4,07),

go to entertainment places(3,65), play games online(3,33), play computer

games(3,46,) than university students

H11, H12, H13, H14, H15, H16, H17 and H18 were accepted

Findings

The activities being significance difference according to education status

The activities not being significance difference according to education status

H12:I join in natural sport activities.

I read book, magazine and newspaper

I join in social activities I go to cinema and theater

I watch sport matchs alive. I join in scientific and cultural activities

H13: I walk I am interested in gardening jobs

I do sport l do shopping

H14:I listen to music I go to cafe

H15:I watch TV I surf internet

H16:I play games online

H17: I go to places of entertainment

I play computer games

There is 10 significance difference from17 items according to education status among conservative group and the others don't show significance difference according to education status

In the current study, some differences were emerged between conservative and

non-conservative respondents. for non- conservative participants as seen from

analyze part, it could be told that they are more social than non- conservatives.

Especially; H1,H2,H3,H4,H5 and H6 supported this opinion.

Conclusions and Suggestions

it could be put forward that non- conservative participants are more inclined to

join sportive activities than conservative ones.

Because especially in the analyze part , it was showed that non- conservative

respondents prefer joining natural sport activities, doing sport, watching alive

sport match much more than non-conservative respondents.



It is understood that conservative respondents’ first 3 activities that they do mostly are respectively with 4.19 mean, listening to music, 3.77 mean surfing internet and 3.60 mean reading book, magazine and newspaper.

As for non-conservatives, respectively with 4.29 mean, listening to music, 3. 92 mean joining social activities, 3. 91 mean going to café.

It can be commented that listening to music is mutual activity for both groups, namely among the young, listening music is important factor regardless of ideology.

It can also be commented that conservative participants prefer doing passive activities like reading book, surfing on internet but non-conservative participants prefer doing active ones


High school students are more inclined to join the activities described in

questionnaire than university students among conservative respondents.

So it is understood that education status and age as well is important factor to

join leisure activities


While men prefer playing football(47,1%), women prefer playing volleyball

(45,6%). For both genders, ski is less preferable among conservative

respondents.

Maybe this result stems from ski is more professional sport than football and

volleyball and it needs more equipment and experiences. And that is more

seasonal sport.


Non-conservative respondents’ frequency of participating in leisure time activities

is higher than conservative respondents.

Especially; this difference brings out with social activities like joining naturel

sport activities, going to cinema, watching sport match alive , doing sport, going

to entertainment places, going to café etc

That result was interpreted as non- conservative respondents participate in social

activities much more than conservative respondents


The campus activities must be progressed and the facilities of the university and highschool must be diversified. So the loyalty of students with university will be increased as well.

Most of the university campuses are built away from the cities. In order to make the students adopt to university, various activities have to be arranged except the classroom activities

Thus it will provide satisfaction for students and increase the loyalty of students to university.



Of course actualizing these suggestions, the sensitivities of people must be considered. Especially in terms of this study, the expectations of conservative and non-conservative people may be different from each other.

Therefore all the facilities must be actualized according to the needs and expectations of people. The sensitivity of conservative students must be considered.

Limitations

The sample of this study limited with 300 respondents due to lack of time and facility

Another limitations of this study is restrictions on comparing the findings of this

research with previous work.

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Recreation