Rail Freight Transport

FROM SMALL WAGONS TO MODERN MARVELS………..

Headings To Look At:• HISTORY OF FREIGHT TRANSPORT;

• ABOUT RAIL FREIGHT TRANSPORT IN WORLD;

• LATEST STATISTICS;

• MODERNITY AND TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS;

• CASE STUDY;

• ???????

Where it started?• 1776-development of Steam Engine

• 1807-construction of Cumberland Road

• 1825-completion of Eric Canal

• Mid 18th development of Conestoga wagon

• 1856-development of Pipeline

• 1869s-massive Railroad System in Utah

• 1887-formation of Interstate Commerce

Commission Act

• 19th-development due to construction of

Highways

• 1970-flowering Truck transport

• 1996-concept of containerization &

intermodal Transport

• 1996-air freight

Transportation History!• Horse drawn wagons.

• Railways.

• Flatboats or Rafts.

• Trucks

• Steamboats.

• Cargo Ships.

• Airlines.

• 1829: testing of Sturbridge lion

• 1830:14miles B & O were opened

• Oct 1830: first successful locomotive with 7 ton weight was

shipped to Charleston

• 1850-Fedral Grant of land for Railroads from Illinois to Albama

• 1869s-massive Railroad System in Utah

• 1887-formation of Interstate Commerce Commission Act

• 1996-concept of containerization & intermodal Transport

Rail Freight Transportation History!

• 1825- The Pennsylvania Society for promotion of internal improvements in CWG intended construction of Inland navigation System focused on railroads.

• 1828- construction of Baltimore & Ohio Railways

Regional Difference

North America

Unified standard gauge rail connecting CAN, MEX, & US

Jenney Couplers & Air Brakes

1980s Staggers Rail Act

Diesel locomotives & Electrified northeast corridor

Eurasia

4 major interconnecting rail networks

Major lines are electrified

China has an extensive Standard gauge network

IND & PAK operate extensive broad gauge network

Development of containerization

Continue….. Regional Difference

Oceania

large rail network, mostly meter gauge, with some broad gauge.

Chile and Argentina have Indian gauge networks in the south and meter gauge networks in the north.

Africa

The railways of Africa were mostly started by colonial powers to bring inland resources to port.

A 3 ft. 6 in (1,067 mm) gauge network with Jenney couplers serves southern Africa.

East Africa uses meter gauge.

North Africa uses standard gauge, but potential connection the European standard gauge network is blocked by the Arab-Israeli conflict.

South America

Rail developed independently in different parts of Australia and, as a result, three major rail gauges are in use. A standard gauge Trans-Australian Railway spans the continent.

Continue….. Regional Difference

Network GT-Kms Countries

North America 2853 US, Canada, Mexico

China 2451 ----

Russia 2351 CIS+Finland, Mongolia

India 607 Includes Pakistan

European Union 391 27 member Countries

Brazil 269 Includes Bolivia

South Africa 115 Includes Zimbabwe

Australia 64 -----

Japan 20 -----

Rail Freight Transport Statistics

Some Modern developments Containerization

Double stack containerization

Bulk Cargo

Rolling highways and piggy back service

Special cargo

Electrification of rail services

Containerization

System of intermodal freight transport

Intermodal containers 

Standardized dimensions

They can be loaded and unloaded, stacked, transported efficiently over long distances, and transferred from one mode of transport to another

Five common standard lengths: 20 ft (6.10 m), 40 ft (12.19 m), 45 ft (13.72 m), 48 ft (14.63 m), and 53 ft (16.15 m). US domestic standard containers are generally 48 ft (14.63 m) and 53 ft (16.15 m) (rail and truck)

Container capacity is often expressed in Twenty-foot equivalent units (TEU, or sometimes teu)

Double stack containerization

Double-stack rail transport is a form of intermodal freight transport

Intermodal containers are stacked two high on railroad cars.

Introduced in North America in 1984, double stack has become

increasingly common there, being used for nearly 70% of United States

intermodal shipments

Using double stack technology, a freight train of a given length can carry

roughly twice as many containers, sharply reducing costs per container

Bulk Cargo

Bulk cargo is commodity cargo  that is transported unpackaged in large quantities

It refers to material in either liquid or granular, particulate form, as a mass of relatively small solids, such as petroleum/crude oil, grain, coal, or gravel.

Bulk cargo is classified as liquid or dry

These cargo are usually dropped or poured, with a spout or shovel bucket, as a liquid or solid, into a railroad car. Liquids, such as petroleum and chemicals, and compressed gases are carried by rail in tank cars..

Rolling highways and piggy back service

In some countries rolling highway, or rolling road, trains are used

Trucks can drive straight onto the train and drive off again when the end destination is reached

A system like this is used on the Channel Tunnel between the United Kingdom and France, as well as on the Konkan Railway in India

Special cargo

Several types of cargo are not suited for containerization or bulk

These are transported in special cars custom designed for the cargo.

Goods that require certain temperatures during transportation can be transported in refrigerator cars (or reefers - US) or refrigerated vans, but refrigerated containers are becoming more dominant.

Extra heavy and oversized loads are carried in Schnabel cars

Center beam flat cars are used to carry lumber and other building supplies.

Steel plates are transported in modified gondolas called coil cars

Electrification of rail services

Experiments with electrical railways were started by Robert Davidson in 1838

He completed a battery-powered carriage capable of 6.4 km/h (4 mph).

The first conventional completely electrified railway mainline was the 106 km Valtellina line in Italy that was opened on 4 September 1902.

At first, all electric railways used direct current but, in 1904, the Stubaital Line in Austria opened with alternating current

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