CAMBODIA

We have a more imposing early history and tragic present.

Population was assessed at 13.8 million in 2003. It’s GDP per capita is US$266.

EARLY HISTORY AND THE EMPIRE OF ANGKOR

Early Chinese records mention trade with a society on the lower Mekong which they term “Funan”.

Indian Hindu society Chinese mention two other early

societies: water Chenla and land Chenda.

The consolidation of Khmer society known as Angkor ruled by Jayavarman II (802-850).

EARLY HISTORY AND THE EMPIRE OF ANGKOR (cont.)

Two great kings-Suryavarman II and Jayavarman VII.

13th century, Theravada Buddhism won general allegiance.

In the 1440s, the Khmer ruling class abandoned the Angkor region.

CAMBODIA 15TH -18TH

In 1593, the Thai king Narasuen attacked Cambodia as part of his strategy to reaffirm the power of Ayudhya.

European accounts of Cambodia in the late 16th and 17th suggest a cosmopolitan trading life involving Chinese, Japanese, Malay, Arab, and other traders.

CAMBODIA 15TH -18TH (cont.)

But from the mid 17th, Cambodia became increasingly isolated from the sea, caught in the pincer movement of Thai and Vietnamese expansionism.

18th ended Thai dominant. The Thai general Taksin and the

Thai ruler Rama I, imposed their authority firmly over Cambodia.

CAMBODIA 15TH -18TH (cont.)

Thai-Vietnamese rivalry was still climax. 1810s, 1830s, Vietnamese troops

repelled the Thais. 1834, in the reign of Ang Mei,

Vietnamese language, law, costumes and hairstyles insisted upon.

Five years of fighting, finally in 1845, Ang Duong was crown under the a agreement of the Thai and Vietnamese

COLONIAL ERA, 1863-1940

The Mekong as a mighty trade route

King Norodom signed the treaty of protectorate in August 1863

1884, the French forced Norodom Norodom’s death in 1904. In 1921, the population was about

2.5 million and the main crop was rice

COLONIAL ERA, 1863-1940

Small Chinese timber and pepper industries, rubber plantation using Vietnamese labours.

Minor exports included maize, kapok, and dried fish.

Two rail ways. The port of Saigon dominated this riverine trade.

Under the French rule, Chinese and Vietnamese entrepreneurs dominated over trade and money-lending.

CAMBODIA IN WW II

Buddhist Institute, Sisovath High School, and NagaraVatta newspaper.

The French raised the status and salaries of Cambodians

In March 1945, the Japanese seized control the government.

In April 1945, Sihanouk declared Cambodia independent.

TOWARDS INDEPENDENCE 1945-1953

After the Japanese surrender, the French returned authority in Cambodia.

They opened discussionwithSihanouk for limited self-government.

Elections for the National Assembly, formed political parties.

Khmer Issarak: Son GnocThanh’s group, Khmer People’s Revolutionary Party founded in 1951.

In January 1953, Sihanouk started the “crusade for independence.”

CAMBODIA UNDER SIHANOUK 1953-70

In March 1955, Sihanouk abdicated and established his own political party, SangkumReastrNiyum, unaligned.

Hundreds of dissidents disappeared during his period.

Cambodia was in peace, expansion education,

CAMBODIA UNDER SIHANOUK 1953-70 (cont.)

In 1963, he rejected US aid caused the national income to reduce significantly.

1966, Sihanouk handed over the power.

1967-68, revolt in Samlot. In March 1970, National Assembly

withdrew confidence in Sihanouk as head of state.

CAMBODIA UNDER SIHANOUK 1953-70 (cont.)

The main force behind was Sihanouk’s cousin and deputy minister SisowathSiriMatak, Sihanouk’s prime minister went along the move.

WAR AND REVOLUTION, 1970-1975

Engage in guerilla warfare in the jungles against our enemies.

Lon Nol government, backed the US, proved tragically no skills.

US bomb of the countryside to slow down the coming of the Khmer Rouge to Phnom Penh.

US Congress ended the bombing of Cambodia.

DEMOCRATIC KAMPUCHEA: KHMER ROUGE 1975-1979

All Cambodian were to become farmers under the direction of Angkar.

Market, private trade, money, religions, books, were abolished.

Starting “Year Zero,” “Super Great Leap Forward.”

Saw many people as enemies Estimated 500,000 Cambodians died from

1970-75, and during the KR was about 2 million.

Conflict with Vietnam

CAMBODIA, 1993 ELECTION AND THE ROYAL GOVERNMENT OF CAMBODIA

While the coalition government was formed in September, the Assembly recognized Sihanouk as Cambodia’s king in the same month.

CAMBODIA IN THE 21 CENTUREY

There was a power struggle in 1997, and Sihanouk called for reconciliation and then elections hold in July 1998.

CPP won the elections, but not two-thirds majority.

Opposition leaders Ranariddh and Sam Rainsy dismissed the result. However, Ranariddh agreed to join with CPP.

CAMBODIA IN THE 21 CENTUREY

General election in July 2003, it took a year to form a new government led by Hun Sen.

Talking about Khmer Rouge Human rights abuses In 2002, Cambodia hosted ASEAN

Summit, 2003 joined World Trade Organization, 2004 Sihamoni announced to be next king.

Foreign aid donors,

THANKS