LLa Alhambraa AlhambraTThe Alhambrahe Alhambra

Raúl Quirós HernándezRaúl Quirós Hernández

Javier Bañuelos SánchezJavier Bañuelos Sánchez

The AlhambraThe Alhambra

IntroductionIntroduction The monumentThe monument SituationSituation HistoryHistory Palace complexPalace complex Legends and mythsLegends and myths InfluenceInfluence One of the most Important monuments of SpainOne of the most Important monuments of Spain RecommendationsRecommendations

IntroductionIntroduction

The Alhambra (the complete form of which was Calat The Alhambra (the complete form of which was Calat Alhambra (Alhambra ( ُء� َر�ا ْم� َر� ْم ٱ ُء� َر� ْم َر� ْم ُء� ا َر�ا ْم� َر� ْم ٱ ُء� َر� ْم َر� ْم Al-Qal'at al-ĦamrāAl-Qal'at al-Ħamrā, "the red , "the red , ,اfortress"), is a palace and fortress complex of the fortress"), is a palace and fortress complex of the Moorish rulers of Granada in southern Spain ,known Moorish rulers of Granada in southern Spain ,known as as Al-AndalusAl-Andalus when the fortress was constructed when the fortress was constructed during the mid 14th century. Islamic architecture, during the mid 14th century. Islamic architecture, together with Christian 16th century and later together with Christian 16th century and later interventions in buildings and gardens that marked its interventions in buildings and gardens that marked its image as it can be seen today. Within the Alhambra, image as it can be seen today. Within the Alhambra, the Palace of Charles V was erected by Charles the Palace of Charles V was erected by Charles V ,Holy Roman Emperor, in 1527. V ,Holy Roman Emperor, in 1527.

The monumentThe monument

The monument is the most important symbole of The monument is the most important symbole of Granada. The Alhambra wasn´t many years ago was Granada. The Alhambra wasn´t many years ago was abandoned and fell into disrepair when the abandoned and fell into disrepair when the romanticism alerted to the authorities of his romanticism alerted to the authorities of his carelessness. carelessness.

SituationSituation

The terrace or plateau where the Alhambra sits The terrace or plateau where the Alhambra sits measures about 740 m (2430 ft) in length by 205 m measures about 740 m (2430 ft) in length by 205 m (674 ft) at its greatest width. It covers an area of (674 ft) at its greatest width. It covers an area of about 142,000 m². The river Darro passes through a about 142,000 m². The river Darro passes through a ravine on the north and divides the plateau from the ravine on the north and divides the plateau from the Albaicín district of Granada. Albaicín district of Granada.

HistoryHistory

Completed towards the end of Muslim rule in Spain by Completed towards the end of Muslim rule in Spain by Yusuf I (1333-1353) and Muhammed V, Sultan of Yusuf I (1333-1353) and Muhammed V, Sultan of Granada (1353-1391), the Alhambra is a reflection of Granada (1353-1391), the Alhambra is a reflection of the culture of the last days of the Nasrid emirate of the culture of the last days of the Nasrid emirate of Granada. The Alhambra mixes natural elements with Granada. The Alhambra mixes natural elements with man-made ones, and is a testament to the skill of man-made ones, and is a testament to the skill of Muslim craftsmen of that time. The last sultan of Muslim craftsmen of that time. The last sultan of Granada was Boabdil. The Alhambra was the Granada was Boabdil. The Alhambra was the

residence of residence of the sultans of Granada. the sultans of Granada.

The Muslim rulers lost Granada and Alhambra in 1492 The Muslim rulers lost Granada and Alhambra in 1492 without the fortress itself being attacked when King without the fortress itself being attacked when King Ferdinand II of Aragon and Queen and Queen Isabella I of Castile took the surrounding region with an took the surrounding region with an

overwhelming force of numbers.overwhelming force of numbers.

Damage produced in Later Era After the Christian Damage produced in Later Era After the Christian conquest of the city in 1492, the conquerors began to conquest of the city in 1492, the conquerors began to alter the Alhambra. The open work was filled up with alter the Alhambra. The open work was filled up with whitewash, the painting and gilding effaced, and the whitewash, the painting and gilding effaced, and the furniture soiled , torn, or removed. furniture soiled , torn, or removed. Charles V (1516–Charles V (1516–1556) rebuilt portions in the Renaissance style of the 1556) rebuilt portions in the Renaissance style of the period and destroyed the greater part of the winter period and destroyed the greater part of the winter palace to make room for a Renaissance-style structure palace to make room for a Renaissance-style structure which has never been completed. Philip V (1700–which has never been completed. Philip V (1700–1746) Italianised the rooms and completed his palace 1746) Italianised the rooms and completed his palace in the middle of what had been the Moorish building; in the middle of what had been the Moorish building; he had partitions constructed which blocked up whole he had partitions constructed which blocked up whole apartments. apartments.

Palace complexPalace complex

In the Alhambra, there are a lot of very important In the Alhambra, there are a lot of very important places. They are the following:places. They are the following:

The AlcazabaThe Alcazaba The Tower of Justice The Tower of Justice The The Palace of Charles V The Court of the Lions The Court of the Lions The PartalThe Partal The Comares CourtThe Comares Court The GeneralifeThe Generalife

The AlcazabaThe Alcazaba

The Tower of JusticeThe Tower of Justice

The The Palace of Charles V

The Court of the LionsThe Court of the Lions

The PartalThe Partal

The Comares CourtThe Comares Court

The GeneralifeThe Generalife

Legends and mythsLegends and mythsLegends of The Gate of JusticeLegends of The Gate of Justice

Legend of the room AbencerrajesLegend of the room Abencerrajes

The Sigh of the MoorThe Sigh of the Moor

Legends of The Gate of Justice Legends of The Gate of Justice

There is a legend about the door of justice, related to the There is a legend about the door of justice, related to the construction it in the Alhambra. It spoke about the dedication construction it in the Alhambra. It spoke about the dedication in the construction of the Alhambra, because of its decorations in the construction of the Alhambra, because of its decorations and architecture. It says that the very sturdy construction that and architecture. It says that the very sturdy construction that was attacked by thousand armies, would never fall. So the day was attacked by thousand armies, would never fall. So the day that the key to the inner arc of the Gate of Justice and the hand that the key to the inner arc of the Gate of Justice and the hand of his arch outer join, ie whether the Alhambra falls, will that of his arch outer join, ie whether the Alhambra falls, will that has reached the end of the world. has reached the end of the world. Another legend talks about the Arc of Justice, because it was Another legend talks about the Arc of Justice, because it was the magnificent entrance to the Alhambra, which ensured that the magnificent entrance to the Alhambra, which ensured that no knight on horseback, could not touch the top of the outer no knight on horseback, could not touch the top of the outer arc with his lance. arc with his lance.

Legend of the room Abencerrajes Legend of the room Abencerrajes

Abencerrajes. The name comes from the surname of a noble Abencerrajes. The name comes from the surname of a noble family of that time, who lived inside the Alhambra. According family of that time, who lived inside the Alhambra. According to the legend this family had a political rival called Zenetes. to the legend this family had a political rival called Zenetes. They wanted to kill their opponents by a conspiracy. So, they They wanted to kill their opponents by a conspiracy. So, they made up a relationship between the wife of the Sultan and one made up a relationship between the wife of the Sultan and one man from the Abencerrajes family to arise jealousy and anger man from the Abencerrajes family to arise jealousy and anger in the Sultan ... The Sultan, blinded by the shock, during a in the Sultan ... The Sultan, blinded by the shock, during a feast in the hall that has the name of the family, beheaded 37 feast in the hall that has the name of the family, beheaded 37 gentlemen who had the name Abencerrajes. It is said that the gentlemen who had the name Abencerrajes. It is said that the reddish color that even today can be seen in the basin of the reddish color that even today can be seen in the basin of the fountain and in its water canal leading to the fountain of the fountain and in its water canal leading to the fountain of the Patio de los Leones, is due to the blood stains of the men who Patio de los Leones, is due to the blood stains of the men who were killed. ..were killed. ..

The Sigh of the Moor The Sigh of the Moor

After the Catholic Monarchs snitched the last stronghold of After the Catholic Monarchs snitched the last stronghold of Muslim rule Boabdil, the Moorish King and his followers Muslim rule Boabdil, the Moorish King and his followers were expelled from Granada and they were given a small were expelled from Granada and they were given a small territory in the Alpujarras, where he stayed for many years. territory in the Alpujarras, where he stayed for many years. The fall of Granada was due to the carelessness of the defense The fall of Granada was due to the carelessness of the defense Boabdil of Granada and its love for parties and entertainment. Boabdil of Granada and its love for parties and entertainment. On the way to exile, Boabdil dared not turn his eyes towards On the way to exile, Boabdil dared not turn his eyes towards Granada, and only when he was far away, on the hill known as Granada, and only when he was far away, on the hill known as The Moor's Sigh he stopped and when seeing his palace he The Moor's Sigh he stopped and when seeing his palace he sighed, and began to mourn. And it was his own mother who sighed, and began to mourn. And it was his own mother who told him: "Weep like a woman because you did not know how told him: "Weep like a woman because you did not know how to defend it like a man".to defend it like a man".

InfluenceInfluence In literatureIn literature Parts of the following novels are set in the Alhambra:Parts of the following novels are set in the Alhambra: Washington Irving's Tales of the Alhambra. It is a collection of . It is a collection of

essays, verbal sketches, and stories. Irving lived in the palace essays, verbal sketches, and stories. Irving lived in the palace while writing the book and was instrumental in reintroducing the while writing the book and was instrumental in reintroducing the site to Western audiences.site to Western audiences.

Salman Rushdie's 's The Moor's Last Sigh Amin Maalouf's 's Leo Africanus, depicting the reconquest of , depicting the reconquest of

Granada by the Catholic kings.Granada by the Catholic kings. Philippa Gregory's 's The Constant Princess.. Federico Garcia Lorca's play 's play Doña Rosita the Spinster, mentioned , mentioned

by title character Dona Rosita in her song/speech to the Manola by title character Dona Rosita in her song/speech to the Manola sisters.sisters.

In musicIn music Pop star Charjee Von-Varjee released a song called "Let's Rock star Charjee Von-Varjee released a song called "Let's Rock

at The Alhambra" in 2001.at The Alhambra" in 2001. Alhambra has directly inspired musical compositions as Alhambra has directly inspired musical compositions as

Francisco Tárrega's famous tremolo study for guitar 's famous tremolo study for guitar Recuerdos de la Alhambra (Memories of the Alhambra), (Memories of the Alhambra), Claude Debussy's 's piece for 2 pianos piece for 2 pianos LindarajaLindaraja (composed in 1901) and the prelude (composed in 1901) and the prelude La Puerta del VinoLa Puerta del Vino (in the 2nd book of preludes, composed 1912- (in the 2nd book of preludes, composed 1912-13).13).

In pop and folk music, Alhambra is the subject of the In pop and folk music, Alhambra is the subject of the Ghymes song of the same name.song of the same name. The rock band The rock band The Grateful Dead released a song called "Terrapin Station" on the 1977 album of released a song called "Terrapin Station" on the 1977 album of the same name. It consisted of a series of small compositions the same name. It consisted of a series of small compositions penned by Robert Hunter and put to music by Jerry Garcia; a penned by Robert Hunter and put to music by Jerry Garcia; a lyrical section of this 'suite' was called "Alhambra".lyrical section of this 'suite' was called "Alhambra".

Influence in graphic artInfluence in graphic art Tessellations like this inspired Escher's work.Tessellations like this inspired Escher's work. M. C. Escher's visit in 1922 inspired his M. C. Escher's visit in 1922 inspired his

following work on regular divisions of the following work on regular divisions of the plane after studying the Moorish use of plane after studying the Moorish use of symmetry in the Alhambra tiles.symmetry in the Alhambra tiles.

In 19th- and 20th-century architectureIn 19th- and 20th-century architecture From 19th-century Romantic interpretations From 19th-century Romantic interpretations

until the present day, many buildings and until the present day, many buildings and portions of buildings worldwide have been portions of buildings worldwide have been inspired by the Alhambra: there is a Moorish inspired by the Alhambra: there is a Moorish Revival house in Stillwater, Minnesota which Revival house in Stillwater, Minnesota which was created and named after the Alhambra. was created and named after the Alhambra. Also, the main portion of the Irvine Spectrum Also, the main portion of the Irvine Spectrum Center in Irvine, California, is a postmodern Center in Irvine, California, is a postmodern version of the Court of the Lions.version of the Court of the Lions.

One of the most One of the most important monuments of Spainimportant monuments of SpainThe Alhambra it is one of the most important The Alhambra it is one of the most important

monument of Spain, because it’s very monument of Spain, because it’s very beautiful, and it receives a lot of visits from beautiful, and it receives a lot of visits from all sites. It was declared World Heritage in all sites. It was declared World Heritage in 1984. In 2006, it received 2,153,491 visits. In 1984. In 2006, it received 2,153,491 visits. In 2009, it received 2,931,599 visits. It was a 2009, it received 2,931,599 visits. It was a record in his history.record in his history.

RecommendationsRecommendationsJavier and I think that The Alhambra is the most Javier and I think that The Alhambra is the most

important monument of Spain, and we wish important monument of Spain, and we wish you a excellent stay in Granada.you a excellent stay in Granada.