I speak about you, America!

The United States of America is the fourth largest country after Russia, China

and Canada.

The USA lies in the central part of North American Continent. It is washed by

the Atlantic Ocean in the East, by the Pacific Ocean in the West, by the Gulf of

Mexico in the South. The USA borders on Canada in the North and on Mexico in

the South. It also has a sea-border on Russia.

The area of the territory of the USA is 9 million square kilometers.

Welcome to America

According to the relief there

are two highlands and two

lowlands. The highlands are

the Appalachian mountains in

the East and the Rockies or

Cordillera mountains in the

West. There are two central

lowlands between them. One

of them is the Mississippi

Valley and the Northern part

of the lowland which is called

prairie. In the North there are

five great lakes.

The Appalachian

Mountains are

situated in the

East of the

country. They

are very old. The

highest peak in

the Appalachian

Mountains is

2037 meters

high.

The Appalachians

The Rockies or

Cordillera are

among the earth’s

youngest

mountains, they

stretch from

Alaska to the

northern Mexico

and include many

smaller ranges.

Their highest

peak is 4418

meters.

The Rockies

There are five” Great” lakes on the border on Canada. They are

Lake Ontario, Michigan, Erie, Superior and Huron. They are the

largest and the deepest in the USA.

The “Great” Lakes

Lake Superior is the largest of the “Great Lakes” and the

world’ s largest lake of fresh water.

The Niagara Falls , situated on the short Niagara River joining

Lakes Erie and Ontario, are famous all over the world and

attract lots of tourists.

There are a lot of big rivers in the USA: the Colorado River, the

Columbia River, the Hudson River and many others. But the

longest river in the United States ( and the longest in the world) is

the Mississippi with its west tributary Missouri.

The Mississippi River

Natural Wonders of The United States

The Great Canyon of The Colorado River

It is two miles long

and in some places it

is eighteen miles

wide. The large

territory of the

canyon is a wonderful

sight. But the

greatest beauty

comes from the bright

colours of the canyon

walls, which

continually change in

the sunlight.

Yellowstone National Park

Yellowstone National park is famous for its geysers. There

are about 200 geysers in the park. The most famous of them

is Old Faithful. It erupts about every hour, winter or summer,

day or night. Once every hour Old Faithful sends a column of

hot water into the air. It is over 100 feet high.

The Painted Desert

The Painted Desert like the Great Canyon is famous for its wonderful

colours. From a distance the bright red and yellow of its earth and

stones look like a large painted picture. Bright sunshine, combined

with chemical materials in the earth makes the colours stronger.

The Yosemite National Park

A US national park in Sierra Nevada mountains

of eastern California. It was named after the

Yosemite River that runs through it and contains

Yosemite Falls(740 metres high). The park is

also famouse for its giant sequoia trees. It was

made the World Heritage Site in 1984.

The USA is a very large country, so it has different climate zones.

The coldest regions are in the north and north-east, where much

snow falls in winter. The South has a tropical climate. The region

around the “Great Lakes” is known for its changeable weather. In

general the climate in North America is much colder than in

Europe. The average annual temperature of New York is 11 C

degrees.

Climate

The Native Americans

When Columbus arrived in

America in XV century there

were perhaps 10 million people

in North America alone.

Columbus called them “Indians”

in the mistaken belief he had

reached the East Indies.

Today there are about 1,5

million Indians in the United

States. About one third of Native

Americans live on reservations,

land that was set aside for them.

The population of the United States

The population of the USA is about three hundred and thirty

four million. The USA is the country of immigrants, that is why the

culture, the religions, the traditions of Americans are diverse.

The United States of America is a Federal republic, consisting of 50 states and the

federal district of Columbia where the capital of the country, Washington D.C., is

situated. In some ways the United States is like fifty small countries. Each state has

its own governor, its own police, and its own laws.

The Constitution of the USA

The Constitution of the USA

The government of the USA

The Legislative Powers The Executive Powers The Judicial powers

The Congress

The Senate The House of Representatives

The President The Supreme Court

American government

has three branches:

The Legislative

Powers, The executive

Powers and The

Judicial Powers. The

Legislative Powers are

exercised by the

parliament. It is called

Congress. The

Congress has two

houses : The Senate

and The House of

Representatives. The

executive Powers are

exercised by The

President and his

Cabinet. The Judicial

Powers are exercised

by The Supreme Court.

The American Flag

The United States’ flag is called “Stars and Stripes”. It has

thirteen stripes, seven red and six white for the first thirteen states

(colonies) of the union. The flag also has fifty five-pointed white

stars in the upper left-hand corner. One star is for each state of the

United States. The flag was adopted on the 14-th of June 1777.

The USA State Emblem

The “Great Seal “

of the United

States shows a

“bald” eagle, a

very large bird

which is itself a

symbol of the

USA, and the

Latin motto “e

pluribus unum”

which refers to

the fact that the

USA is one

country made up

from many

individual states.

Washington, D.C.

Washington, D.C. , the

capital of the United

States of America is

situated оn the

Potomac River. It is a

city and a district - the

District of Columbia

(D.C.) . The city is

named in honour of

the first nation’s

president George

Washington. The

district is named in

honour of Columbus,

the discoverer of

America.

The White House

The White House is a house in which the President of the

United States lives and works.

The White House has 132 rooms, 54 of which are reserved

only for the private use of the First Family on the second and

third floors.

The Capitol

The Capitol is the

Seat of Congress.

It is in the very

centre of

Washington. The

Capitol is located

on the Capitol Hill,

the highest point of

the city. There is a

law in Washington

not to build houses

higher than the

Capitol.

The Library of Congress

The Library of

Congress is the

national library of

the USA. It was

established in

1800. It now has

more than 80

million books and

other items. The

library receives two

copies of every US

published work.

Pennsylvania Avenue

Pennsylvania Avenue is a famous broad street in Washington D.C.

It is 1,3 miles (2 kilometers) long and connects the White House

and the Capitol. Along the way are other government buildings,

including the office of the FBI and others.

The Washington Monument

Not far from the

Capitol there is the

Washington

Monument, which

looks like a very big

pencil. The

monument was

erected to the

memory of the first

president of the

USA.

The Lincoln Memorial

The Lincoln Memorial is devoted to the

memory of the sixteenth president of the

USA, the author of the Emancipation

Proclamation, which gave freedom to

Negro slaves in America.

The Jefferson Memorial

The memorial was build in honour of the third US President

Tomas Jefferson, who was one of the Founding Fathers. He

wrote most of the Declaration of Independence.

Kennedy Centre

John F. Kennedy Centre for the Performing Arts was

opened as a living memorial to President J. Kennedy in 1971.

The main theatres are the Concert Hall, the Opera House and

Eisenhower Theatre.

The Pentagon

The building in Arlington, Virginia, which contains the

administrative offices of the USA Department of Defense. It

has five sides and is the largest building in the world.

New York

New York is the largest city and port in the United States. It is

the economic centre of the USA with a population of nearly eight

million.

The Statue of Liberty

The Statue of Liberty has become America’s symbol of Freedom. It

stands оn a small Bedloe Island at the entrance to New York

harbour.

The statue

presented to the

United States by

France in 1884

symbolized the

friendship of the

USA and France. It

became a national

symbol in 1924.

America’s National Symbol

1.Manhattan

2.Brooklyn

3.Queens

4.Bronx

5.Staten Island

New York is comprised of

five boroughs:

n

Manhattan

Manhattan is the most densely populated borough of New York

City and home to most of the city's skyscrapers. The borough

contains the major business and financial centers of the city and

many cultural attractions, including numerous museums, the

Broadway theatre district and Madison Square Garden.

Wall Street

Wall Street is the site of New York Stock Exchange and the centre of the world

financial life. The street got its name in the old days when one of the Dutch

governor of New Amsterdam build the wall across Manhattan to protect the

colonists from the Indians. The wall was later broken but the name remained.

Broadway

Broadway is the centre of

the theatre and night life.

There are many drugstores

and restaurants which never

close. There are cinemas

with films that start at

midnight.

The Empire State Building

The Empire State

Building is the first

building to have more

than 100 floors. It has

6,500 windows, 73

elevators and there are

1,860 steps from street

level to the 102nd floor.

It has a total floor area

of approximately

254,000 m².

Rockefeller Centre

Rockefeller Center is

"a city within a city“. It

is the largest private

building project ever

undertaken in modern

times. It is a complex of

19 commercial buildings

with its own

restaurants, stores,

theatres, post-offices.

In winter its plaza is

transformed from an

outdoor restaurant to an

ice-skating pond. It is

one of New York's

greatest attractions.

Times Square

Times Square is a busy square in the

center of Manhattan , New York City. It is

known for its bright lights and many

theatres and cinemas. Times Square is

smaller than Red Square in Moscow or

Trafalgar Square in London. It got its name

from the New York Times, the most

popular newspaper in America, which has

its main office there. On New Year Eve

thousands of people gather there to watch

a ball move down as the new year

approaches.

The Brooklyn Bridge is one of

the oldest suspension bridges

in the United States, stretches

1825 m over the East River

connecting Manhattan and

Brooklyn. A week after the

opening, on May 30 1883 a

rumor that the Bridge was

going to break down caused a

stampede which crushed and

then killed twelve people.

Brooklyn Bridge

Brooklyn

One of the five boroughs of New York City south of

Manhattan. It is an industrial port but the area in it called

Brooklyn Heights is one of the most beautiful in the city.

Bronx

Bronx is a borough in New York City . It is a poor area and

in its southern part there is a lot of crime and drug dealing.

It contains Yankee Stadium and the Bronx Zoo.

Queens

The largest of five boroughs of New York City. It was named

after the wife of Charles II. The area of Queens Astoria is known

for its large Greek community.

Staten Island

Staten Island is one of the islands of New York City. Its

former name was Richmond. It is connected by the Verrazano-

Narrow Bridge. The Staten Island Ferry goes to Battery park in

Manhattan and provides good views of the city.