1.Human DevelopmentReport Honduras2008/2009From social exclusion to ayouth citizenshipPublished by the UnitedNations DevelopmentProgramme (UNDP)Honduras

2. UNDP, Honduras 2009United Nations Development Program (UNDP)Human Development Report Honduras 008/009ISBN: 978-99926-768-4-4Style Correction: Elena Carolina Banegas LopezDesign and Diagramming: Giovani Fiallos PazCover: Painting by youth artists Norma Salmern and Esdras Cruz,First Place - INDH Drawing, Painting and Photography Contest2008/2009: Youth, as Seen from the YouthsPhotograph of the cover painting and internal paintings:Gianluca GiumanThis publication may be fully or partially reproduced in any way or by any meanselectronically, mechanically, photocopied or under any method provided that thematerial is appropriately attributed.The ideas and opinions expressed in this Report are the exclusive responsibilityof their author and do not necessarily reflect the vision or opinion of the UnitedNations Development Program in Honduras (UNDP).For more information on this publication, see the United Nations DevelopmentProgram in Honduras Website: www.undp.un.hn. The UNDP Honduras is gratefulfor any comments or suggestions the readers make on this Report, at the followinge-mail: infodh.hn@undp.org 3. Coordination Team for the Human Development ReportHonduras 008/009Coordinator Glenda GallardoInternational AdvisorsResearch TeamExternal ReadersJorge BenedictoMario Posas Vilma Morales Ernesto RodrguezJos VlezManuel Gamero Fernando CaldernJos Mara GonzlezJulieta CastellanosJaime Salinas Hernando ClavijoPablo SalazarFinancial Management Research Assistant Design and Diagramming Carlos Aldana Pablo Kuri Giovani Fiallos Paz Norma Garca Especial Constributions Rolando Morales Marlon Carranza Silvia FelipeWendy AguilarMembers of the NHDR National Youth Council 008/009Members In Representation of : Members In Representation of : Ada Luz Lpez Municipal Youth Commission (CMJ), Celeste Meja Collective of University Women, Department of Comayagua Francisco Morazn Alfredo Snchez Christian Democratic Party Youth of Christian Andrs Gradiz Technological University of Central Honduras, Francisco Morazn America (UNITEC), Tegucigalpa, Francisco Morazn Alma Ivn Mendoza Yu, Prana, Department of Gracias a DiosCinthia P. Velsquez National Education Channel 10 Ana Fabiola Castillo B. National Pedagogic UniversityCrisna Janeth Pea PINU Youths, Francisco Morazn Francisco Morazn (UPNFM),Daniel Francisco Iras Student Movement, Francisco Tegucigalpa Morazn Ana Sofa Velsquez Bambu Theater Group, Francisco Daniel Moya Turcia National Autonomous University Moraznof Honduras (UNAH), FranciscoBertha Reyes Center for Womens Studies Morazn Honduras (CEM-H), Francisco Darwin lvarez Christian Youth Association (ACJ), MoraznFrancisco MoraznBladimir Vsquez Academic Excellency, National David Medina Alfonso Cordova Institute, Copn Autonomous University of Honduras, Francisco MoraznDennis J. Muoz National Youth Forum (FNJ),Francisco Morazn Carlos David Dextre R. Association of Scholarship andLoan Students (ASEBEP), Francisco Edwin lvarez Community Ethnic DevelopmentMorazn Organization (ODEC), FranciscoMoraznCarlos Henrquez Municipal Program for Childhood and Youth COMVIDA, Santa RosaElas H. Euceda Liberal Party Youths of Honduras, de Copn Francisco MoraznCarlos Magno Roque Catholic Church, Francisco Morazn Eradine A. Nixon Municipal Youth Commission (CMJ), Roatn, Islas de la Baha Carlos Roberto Torres Christian Love Brigades (Senior Coordinator), Francisco Morazn Fanny Bustillo Academic Excellency NationalAutonomous University of Honduras, Carmen Melissa Mndez Catholic Church, Francisco MoraznFrancisco MoraznCarol Alejandra Ramos Municipal Youth Commission (CMJ), Lpez Trujillo, Coln 4. Members of the NHDR National Youth Council 008/009 continued Members In Representation of : Members In Representation of : Fernando Coca Front for University Reform (FRU),Lucy Marquina National Political Party, Francisco Francisco Morazn MoraznGerson Daniel Moya Federation of University Students ofLuis Alberto Salgado Lpez Association of Young Athletes, Honduras (FEUH), Francisco Morazn Francisco MoraznGlendy Guilln Municipal Program for Childhood Luis Alberto Torres Municipal Youth Commission (CMJ), and Youth COMVIDA, La Labor,Juticalpa, Olancho Ocotepeque Marcial Garca Scout Movement of Honduras, Gracia Mara Rojas Torres Municipal Program for Childhood Francisco Morazn and Youth COMVIDA, Tegucigalpa Marlon Avelar Cultural Center, Regional Gracia Mara Zepeda Cerebral Paralysis RehabilitationCoordinator Program (PREPACE), Francisco Marlon Isaas Avelar Hibueras Cultural Center, Santa MoraznBarahona BrbaraGustavo Andino Radio America, Francisco Morazn Marvin David Medina President of the United NationsHctor Jos Osorio Bogrn League of Youths against AIDS, Hernndez C. Youth Assembly, HondurasFrancisco Morazn Melissa Mndez Catholic Church, Francisco Morazn Hugo Ren Corea Rivas United for Life Foundation, San Milton Casildo Honduran Black Fraternal Pedro Sula, Corts Organization La Ceiba, AtlntidaIrn David Araujo Garca Center for Attention of the VoluntaryMilyan Tatiana Pineda Art and Action, Francisco Morazn Migrant Returnee (CAM-R), Francisco Castro Morazn Nahm Antonio Lanza Municipal Program for Childhood Isa Fajardo Mrquez Youth House, Gracias, Lempiraand Youth COMVIDA, La PazJerson Daniel Moya T. Federation of University Students ofRen Sosa Alternatives and OpportunitiesHonduras (FEUH), Francisco Morazn(AYO), Educator, Francisco Morazn Jorge Alberto Molina Front for University Reform,Romel Omar Soto Cerrato COMVIDA, La PazFrancisco Morazn Sandra Argentina Fiallos Network of Youth Communicators, Jorge Armando Molina Municipal Program for ChildhoodReyes Coordinator, Francisco Moraznand Youth COMVIDA, San Lorenzo,Valle Toms Gmez Membreo Group of Lenca Youths, La Esperanza, IntibucJos Cristbal Prez Municipal Program for Childhood and Youthd, COMVIDA, El ProgresoTzy Yadira Ponce Sagrado Corazn Institute,TegucigalpaJos Santos Rivera Municipal Program for Childhood and Youth COMVIDA, San Lorenzo,Vctor Anchecta Evangelical Partnership of Honduras Valle(CEH), TegucigalpaJoseph Ford Merendon Jewelry, FranciscoWendy Xiomara Lpez United Nations Youth AssemblyMoraznHonduras, Corts Karla Zulima Flores Municipal Program for ChildhoodWilfredo Molina National Autonomous University ofAguilera and Youth COMVIDA, Choluteca Honduras, Tegucigalpa Kaysha Mena Garifuna Youths, Francisco MoraznYessica A. Martnez Advisory Center for the Development of Human Resources (CADERH), Lisa Arias National Statistics Institute, (INE) TegucigalpaFrancisco Morazn 5. Members of the NHDR National Advisory Council 008/009 Members In Representation of :Gustavo CceresFormer Minister/Director National Youth Institute (INJ) Zoila Suyapa Prudot Director Honduran Institute for Children and Family (IHNFA) Rodolfo Pastor FasquelleFormer Minister Coordinator of the Social Cabinet and Minister of Culture, Arts and SportsVilma Cecilia MoralesFormer President of the Supreme Court of Justice (CSJ)Jos Simon AzconaMember of Parliament Liberal Party Bocock Juan Orlando HernndezParliament Member - National Party AlvaradoSilvia Bessy Ayala Parliament Member Democratic Unification FigueroaParty (UD)Jorge AguilarPresident Innovation and Union Party (PINU) Lucas Aguilera Pineda President Christian Democrat Party Manuel Gamero Executive Director of the Tiempo NewspaperAmlcar Bulnes President of the Honduran Council of Private Enterprise German Zepeda Coordinator of the Banana and Agricultural Industry of Honduras (COSIBAH) Unwing EvansPresident of the Federation of Autochthonous Peoples of Honduras (CONPAH)Leonardo Villeda General Secretary of the National Convergence Forum (FONAC)Carlos Miranda President of the National Association of Honduran Municipalities (AMHON) Jos Rolando B General Director of the Federation of Private Organizations for the Development of Honduras (FOPRIDEH) Joseph Ford Delegate of the National Youth CouncilTzy Yadira Ponce Delegate of the National Youth Council Vctor Anchecta Delegate of the National Youth Council Ann StodbergAdvisor for the Swedish International Development Agency (ASDI) Jos DalloDirector of the Spanish Agency for International Development Cooperation (AECID) Sergio GuimaraesResident Representative of the United Nations International Children/Adolescents and Youth Emergency Fund (UNICEF)Hernando Clavijo Resident Representative of the United Nations Fund for Population Activities (UNFPA)Luca Renda Resident Representative a.i. of the United Nations Development Program (UNDPRebeca Arias Resident Representative of the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) 6. NHDR Regional Youth Councils 008/009 Members In Representation of : Members In Representation of :Participants in the Youth Council for the Northern Region: Corts,Nadina Guerra Scout Group, San Pedro Sula, CortsSanta Brbara and Yoro Nahn Rivera Municipal Program for Childhood and YouthCOMVIDA, Choloma, CortsAlejandro Ortega Municipal Program for Childhood and YouthNelson Castro Municipal Program for Childhood and Youth COMVIDA, CortsCOMVIDA, Puerto Corts, CortsArgenis Josu CampoMunicipal Program for Childhood and YouthOscar Rolando Umanzor Evangelical Church, El Progreso, Yoro COMVIDA, La Lima, Corts Osman Ren Fnez PortilloHonduran Red Cross, Pimienta, Cortes Bryan AlasMunicipal Program for Childhood and Youth COMVIDA, La Lima, Corts Ramn Rosa Vallecillo Youth Without Borders, San Nicols, Santa MejaBrbaraClaudio ValerianoMunicipal Program for Childhood and Youth COMVIDA, San Pedro Sula, Corts Reina Isabel Sibrin Municipal Youth Organization (OMJ),Azacualpa, Santa BrbaraCristian Ren OrtezTechnical Computer Institute, Corts Sara Rodrguez Municipal Program for Childhood and Youth Damarys Ruiz OrantesLiberal Party Youths, San Pedro Sula, Corts COMVIDA, Choloma, CortsDania Lizeth Serrano Municipal Program for Childhood and YouthSharon M. AndinoPerla de Ulua Institute, El Progreso, Yoro COMVIDA, Choloma, Corts Silvia Elena Monge Municipal Program for Childhood and YouthDelmy VsquezMunicipal Program for Childhood and YouthCOMVIDA, Morazn, Yoro COMVIDA, El Progreso, Yoro Victoria Alejandra Izaguirre Municipal Program for Childhood and YouthDenis Josu OrtezRafael Pineda Ponce Institute, San Nicols,COMVIDA, San Pedro Sula, CortsEnamoradoSanta BrbaraWendy Aguilar Leiva Technological University of HondurasDulce Villanueva Snchez Youths Pro Honduras, La Lima, Corts (UNITEC), Santa BrbaraEber Josu Rodas Municipal Program for Childhood and Youth Yeni Carolina Tbora Cristo Rey Official Institute, Choloma, Cortes COMVIDA, Morazn, Yoro Yennifer Melissa Rodrguez Rafael Pineda Ponce Institute, Santa BrbaraEduardo Luis MembreoPijol Ecological Association, YoroYessica Elizabeth DiazTechnological University of Honduras (UTH),Edwin Prez PavnMunicipality of El Progreso, YoroReyes Santa BrbaraEdwin R. Rodrguez Sports School, El Progreso, Yoro Esdras Jonatan SolsMunicipal Program for Childhood and YouthParticipants in the Youth Council for the Atlantic Region: Atlntida, COMVIDA, La Lima, Corts Coln, Gracias a Dios, Islas de la Baha and Yoro Fanny Gabriela BonillaTechnological University of Honduras (UTH), El Progreso, Yoro Alex Gardner Baha Theater, Tela, Atlntida Gelmi Portillo Ruiz Canal 11, San Pedro Sula, Corts Alfonso Martnez Channel 39, La Ceiba, AtlntidaGerardo Medina RomeroInnovation and Union Party (PINU), Choloma, Cortes Alicia Anabel CruzManuel Bonilla Institute, La Ceiba, Atlntida Gerson Ruiz Renuevo Student Movement - UNAH-VS, SanAndrea E. Estrada Manuel Bonilla Institute, La Ceiba, Atlntida Pedro Sula, Corts Andrea Nicolle Benavides Municipal Youth Organization (OMJ), Trujillo,Gustavo SolisTechnical Evangelical Computer Institute,Coln CortsAndrea S. Snchez Amaya San Isidro Departamental Institute, La Ceiba, Harold Vallecillo Municipal Program for Childhood and YouthAtlntida COMVIDA, La Lima, CortsAngel Ventura PROMESAS, Tela, Atlntida Hctor O. Rodriguez Municipal Program for Childhood and Youth Angela Iveth Lpez San Isidro Departamental Institute, La Ceiba, COMVIDA, Morazn, YoroAtlntidaIngrid L. RodrguezMunicipal Program for Childhood and Youth Angela Lpez Trejo San Isidro Departamental Institute, La Ceiba, COMVIDA, Progreso, YoroAtlntidaJonathan Josu Salazar Municipal Program for Childhood and Youth Carmen GarcaNational Youth Organization (INJ), La Ceiba, COMVIDA, La Lima, CortsAtlntida Jorge A. Guerra Lpez Scout Group, San Pedro Sula, Corts Cherry Jehanele Brooks Youth, Roatn, Islas de la BahaJorge GutirrezNational Party, San Pedro Sula, CortsKellyKaren Elizabeth Ortega Municipal Program for Childhood and Youth Cristi Mariela Castellanos Manuel Bonilla Institute, La Ceiba, Atlntida COMVIDA, Choloma, CortsDennis CrcamoSuperacin Campesina (Overcoming RuralKaren Vanessa RodriguezHonduran Red Cross, Pimienta, Corts conditions), La Ceiba, AtlntidaFernndezEdgardo Ortiz Honduran Red Cross, La Ceiba, AtlntidaKarla Ruth FloresNational Youth Institute, (INJ) Azacualpa, Estefana Pavn AIDS Orientation and Training Center, La Santa BrbaraCeiba, Atlntida Keren Gmez OsorioMunicipal Program for Childhood and Youth Franklin RiveraRepublic of Venezuela Institute, La Ceiba, La COMVIDA, San Pedro Sula, CortsAtlntidaLeslie Esa Carvajal Conde Liberal Political Party, San Pedro Sula, CortsFranklin Rivera Hernndez Technological University of Honduras (UTH),Luven Buckly Municipal Program for Childhood and YouthLa Ceiba, Atlntida COMVIDA, Puerto CortesFredy Alexander Reyes Republic of Venezuela Institute, La Ceiba, Marlin VillafrancoJos Mara Ferrero Basic Education Center, Atlntida Yoro Hctor Sal DobladoSan Isidro Departamental Institute, La Ceiba, Maryuri Erazo Jos Mara Ferrero Basic Education Center, Atlntida Yoro 7. NHDR Regional Youth Councils 008/009 continued MembersIn Representation of : Members In Representation of : Indira Scarlett DomnguezHonduran Red Cross La Ceiba, AtlntidaCarlos Henrquez Municipal Program for Childhood and Youth, CopnJavier Andrs Clix Municipality of Tela, Atlntida Carlos Nicols Zniga Network of Communicators, Copn Jennifer CanoManuel Bonilla Institute, La Ceiba, Atlntida Carmen CceresYouth Network Nuestro Futuro, Copn Jimmy HernndezSuperacin Campesina, La Ceiba, Atlntida Christian Suazo Doctor Esteban Mendoza Institute,Jos BanegasChannel 36 Ocotepeque Jos Manuel Lpez CubasHonduran Red Cross, La Ceiba, Atlntida Danelia Lohany MancaFoundation for Micro Enterprise Support, Jos P. RodrguezManuel Bonilla Institute, La Ceiba, AtlntidaOcotepequeJosseline L. Vallecillo Manuel Bonilla Institute, La Ceiba, AtlntidaEdgar ZacapaMunicipal Office in Gracias, Lempira Juan Carlos Lpez LalinMunicipal Youth Organization (OMJ), Trujillo, Edgardo Javier Youth House, CopnColn Edwin SnchezLenca national Indigenous Organization ofJulia Dinora S. Reyes Manuel Bonilla Institute, La Ceiba, AtlntidaHonduras (ONILH), LempiraJunior Antonio PazMunicipal Program for Childhood and YouthEsdras Nehemas CruzSan Jos Institute, Santa Rosa de Copn,COMVIDA Tela, AtlntidaCopnKerin Yolany MachadoMunicipal Program for Childhood and Youth Farlin Yesenia FrancoCasa Juventud, CopnCOMVIDA Tela, Atlntida Fernando Javier MirandaCasa Juventud, CopnKerlin RosendoESBIR Youth Organization - Roatn, Islas de Frederick Alexander AguilarCasa Juventud, Copnla Baha Gloria Melissa MejaFID Center, Copn Kerlyn Rosales ArmijoRoatn Bilingual School, RoatnHeidy Yulisa CortezCatholic Church, Copn Kevin Ariel Baca MartnezManuel Bonilla Institute, La Ceiba, Hillary Hassive PinedaDanilo Carbajal Technical Institute, Keydi Y. Sols RomeroSan Isidro Departamental Institute, La Ceiba OcotepequeLicis Castrillo Technological University of Central AmericanaItalia RodrguezAssociation of Non Government(UTH), TrujilloOrganizations (ASONOG), CopnLidia Argentina CruzSuperacin Campesina, La CeibaIxza Vanessa Rodas Youth with Horizons, LempiraRodrguez Jos Oswaldo Chinchilla Honduran Youth, OcotepequeLuis RodrguezChannel 39Juan Angel Castro Daz Network of Communicators, CopnMarcio Noel AlemnMunicipal Youth Committee, La Ceiba, RodrguezAtlntidaKatlheen Verenice Nolasco School for the Training of Educators (Escuela Mixta), Gracias, Lempira Marlon Palma AIDS Orientation and Training Center, LaCeiba, AtlntidaKenia Margoth FuentesMunicipal Mayors Office, Gracias, LempiraNinoska Morales La Prensa NewspaperLuis Edgardo Garca Catholic Church, Copn Nolvia Moreira GarcaMunicipality of Tocoa, ColnMaritza Janeth Berrin Casa de la Juventud, CopnNoriss Concepcin Snchez Municipality of Tocoa, ColnMary Cruz Fuenteslvaro Contreras Institute, Santa Rosa deRivera Copn, CopnOscar Vsquez Channel 36 Melvin Omar CarbajalDanilo Carbajal Technical Institute, Ocotepeque Pablo Daniel Fernndez San Isidro Departamental Institute, La CeibaNorma Salmern San Jos Institute, Santa Rosa de Copn,Patricia S. Castrillo Municipality of Trujillo, ColnCopnVelsquezOdalma Abigail Casa Juventud, CopnRger SurezBaha Theatrical Group, Tela, Atlntida Rafael Antonio RamosMunicipal Mayors Office, Santa Rosa deRosa Idalia Caballero Radio Catlica, La Ceiba, AtlntidaCopn, CopnRosario ArmijoNational AIDS Forum - La Ceiba, Atlntida Reina TrejoLempira Institute, LempiraSamuel Zelaya La Prensa NewspaperRicardo Alvarenga Network of Communicators, Copn Selvin Arriaga PROMESAS - Tela, AtlntidaStephany MurciaCasa de la Juventud, CopnTatiana E. SolsGarifuna Emergency Committee, Trujillo,Tania Yorleny Clix Casa de la Juventud, CopnColnWalter Meja Danilo Carbajal Technical Institute,Wlter Alexis Maradiaga Municipality of Tocoa, Coln OcotepequePaz Yennifer Clarisa Bautista Lempira Institute, LempiraWlter Muoz Flores Luz Brillante Church, Tocoa, Coln Xochilt GarcaCatholic Church, Copn Wendy Martnez Valerio Organization for Ethnic CommunityDevelopment (ODEC), ColnParticipants in the Youth Council for the Central Western Region: Comayagua, Intibuc and La PazParticipants in the Youth Council for the Western Region: Copn, Lempira and Ocotepeque Adrin VsquezNational Indigenous Organization, IntibucAna J. ChavarraAssociation of Non GovernmentAna Chavarra Association of Non GovernmentOrganizations (ASONOG), CopnOrganizations (ASONOG), ComayaguaAnngi Melissa Lpez lvaro Contreras Institute, CopnAna Mireya Torres Municipal Mayors Office, Tutule, La Paz Blanca Lizbeth ValenzuelaYouth Network, CopnAngel Eduardo Almendrez Municipal Program for la Childhood and Youth COMVIDA, Comayagua 8. NHDR Regional Youth Councils 008/009 continuedMembers In Representation of : Members In Representation of :Angela Flores Regional University Center for ComayaguaLnder Serrano Police Instruction Center, La Paz(CURC/UNAH), Comayagua Luis Alfredo PrezWorkshop School in ComayaguaArgeria M. Zelaya Catholic University of Honduras (UNICAH),Comayagua Luis David Vsquez Network of Communicators, Comayagua Blanca Lizbeth ChinchillaYouth Network, Intibuc Mara Rosibel H. Ochoa National Indigenous Organization, IntibucBrenda Yadira Lavaire Youth Without Borders, La Paz Mara Socorro AnaribaUniversity Regional Center for ComayaguaUlloaCarmen Patricia Ortiz C.Youth Without Borders, La PazMaribel Bueso C. Christian Democracy Party, Comayagua Carmen Yolibeth CceresYouth Network Nuestro Futuro, La PazMario Guillermo SuazoRegional Food and Nutritional Security Celia Aracely Meza Lider, Enterprise, IntibucProgram for Central America, ComayaguaDagoberto Suazo MartnezYouth Without Borders, La PazMiguel Alonzo MactasNetwork for Alternative Community Commercialization, ComayaguaDeysi Eliud VillanuevaWestern Department Institute, IntibucMiguel Enrique Salazar Liberal Party, ComayaguaEddy Antonio B. Future Horizons (Educator), ComayaguaMirza Marlen Ulloa Chamber of Commerce in Comayagua Edwin R. Maldonado Municipality of Siguatepeque, Comayagua Misheele MornMunicipal Program for Childhood and Youth Elda Mara AgeroChildrens Corporation, Comayagua COMVIDA, ComayaguaElisa Mariela RosUniversity Regional Center for ComayaguaNahomi Nicole FernndezNational Youth Forum (FNJ), Comayagua(CURC/UNAH), Comayagua Nelhy Cceres Municipal Youth Commissions (CMJ), La Paz Enka Vanessa Vsquez Institute for the Youth, La PazNelson David OviedoCasayuda Foundation, Comayagua Erick Zepeda Santidad Church, La PazSnchezEvelina BarahonaNational AIDS Forum (FONASIDA), IntibucNstor Ren Torres Youth Pastoral, La Paz Floridalma Meja National Party, La Paz Nillts Sunny CabreraNuevo Mundo Education Center Institute Floriselda Velazquez L.Plan Honduras, La Paz(ICENM), Intibuc Francisco J. MadridAssociation of Non Government Norman AdonayRegional Harmonization Forum, IntibucOrganizations (ASONOG), Comayagua Hernndez ManuelesGerson Joel Suazo CastilloGreen Adventure, La PazOndina Misheell SantosMunicipal Program for Childhood and Youth Morn COMVIDA, La Paz Graciela de VelesInternational Womens Network, Comayagua Onelia Soledad Martnez Tutulina Women, La Paz Gustavo MejaYouth Without Borders, La Paz Osman Fernando CrcamoSchool for Educator Training Guillermo SuazoHugo Ren GarcaFuture Horizons, ComayaguaSuazoCordova, La Paz Iris Arely Vijl Crcamo Nuevo Mundo Education Center Institute, Patrick RisbergFriends of the Americas, La PazIntibucReina Patricia Trejo Lempira Institute, IntibucIsai Natn Zepeda Democratic Unification Party, Comayagua Roberto Adn RobleJos Cecilio del Valle Institute, ComayaguaIsis Margarita Barahona National Youth Institute (INJ), Comayagua Rodulio Antonio Perdomo Len Alvarado Departamental Institute,Ivn Bertoni Sandoval Regional Program for Food and NutritionalComayaguaSecurity for Central America (PRESANCA) Samuel Gutirrez Garca Regional Harmonization Forum, IntibucJacobo Jos Herrera University Regional Center for Comayagua,Comayagua Sandra Waleska Mrquez Polytechnic University of Honduras (UPH), Comayagua Jairo Josely MatuteEspirito Santo Institute, Comayagua Sandy Paola vila Z.Hospital Santa Teresa, ComayaguaJakobo Roberto NzarNuevo Mundo Education Center Institute(ICENM), Intibuc Saray Buezo C. Christian Democracy Political Party, ComayaguaJan Mirna Gmez B.Len Alvarado Institute, ComayaguaSaul Ernesto Meja Millennium Development Goals Observatory, Javier Arturo Espaa Departamental Institute for the West (IDO),IntibucIntibucWalter Isaas B. Municipal Program for Childhood and Youth Jenny BonillaCultural Center, Comayagua COMVIDA, Comayagua Johanna Janeth CoelloLiders Enterprise, Intibuc Wlter Osbilmer Cantarero School for Educator Formation in Western,Jos Mara Martnez National Political Party, ComayaguaIntibuc Josha M. AlvaradoInnovation and Union Political Party (PINU),Yahaira Mara Zelaya Liberal Party, ComayaguaComayagua Yoleni Olivia FuentesYouth House, La PazJuan Bertoni Sandoval Regional Program for Food and NutritionalYony Misael Alcerro School for Educator Training Suazo Crdova,Security for Central America, ComayaguaLa Paz Julio Csar LpezCatholic Church, La Paz Kelin Carolina CarranzaMunicipal Program for Childhood and YouthParticipants in the Youth Council for the Central Eastern: El Paraso,COMVIDA, ComayaguaOlancho and Francisco MoraznKevin Julin GmezDepartment Institute for the West (IDO),Intibuc Carlos Josu Chvez Youth House, Tegucigalpa, Francisco Kevin VsquezDemocratic Unification Party (UD), MoraznComayaguaCarmen Alicia Baca National Autonomous University of Honduras Lenn Guevara HernndezNational Youth Forum (FNJ), Comayagua(UNAH), Tegucigalpa, Francisco MoraznLiliana Pereira Ayala Municipal Mayors Office Tutule, La PazDinora IzaguirreChristian Youth Association in Honduras (ACJ), Tegucigalpa, Francisco Morazn8 9. NHDR Regional Youth Councils 008/009 continuedMembers In Representation of : MembersIn Representation of :Erick Sarmiento Prevention Networks, Tegucigalpa, Francisco Delmis Indira PastranaMunicipal Program for Childhood and YouthMorazn COMVIDA CholutecaGloria Mercedes Rodrguez Jonatry, Francisco MoraznDeysi SurezYouth Network, Choluteca Lpez Edgar Agusto Fuentes National Party Youth, Choluteca Isaar Eduardo BanegasMunicipal Office for Youth, Francisco Emma Isabel MenaNetwork of Communicators, ValleMorazn Flor de Mara Moya Marcovia Mayors Office, Choluteca Jorge Alberto Molina Front for University Reform (UNAH),Tegucigalpa, Francisco Morazn Francy Daybely Snchez Municipal Program for Childhood and YouthCOMVIDA, Valle Jos Salgado Vida Foundation, Tegucigalpa, FranciscoMorazn Francys Elizabeth QuirozMs que Vencedores, Choluteca Lempira Lpez MejaLiberal Party, Tegucigalpa, Francisco Morazn Godofredo SolanoYouths, Choluteca Lilian Dinora Chirinos Solidarity Group, EL Paraso Jheniffer W. ValenzuelaMunicipal Program for Childhood and YouthCOMVIDA, San Lorenzo, Valle Loyda Eunice VegaNational Autonomous University of Honduras(UNAH), Tegucigalpa, Francisco MoraznJos Luis Estrada National Autonomous University of Honduras(UNAH), Choluteca Luz Gabriela Ramrez Network of Communicators, Francisco AlvarengaMoraznJos Ren Mourra CARE Honduras, CholutecaOctavio Shaurie Youth Without Borders, Francisco Morazn Kelin Ortiz Alvarado PINU Youth, Choluteca Randy PalmaKUKULCAN, Francisco Morazn Leopoldo E. M. Caldern Marcovia Mayors Office, Choluteca Reina ArgentinaDemocratic Unification Party (UD), FranciscoLimber Misael Canales Joyada Catholic Church, CholutecaMazariegos ReyesMorazn Mara Ins Pinel PINU Youth, CholutecaRosa BanegasScouts of Honduras, Francisco MoraznMariela Roxana Robles Municipal Program for Childhood and YouthWendy Carolina MejaEl Heraldo NewspaperCOMVIDA, ValleYeni CanalesNational Convergence Forum, Tegucigalpa,Maryling Aminta Fonseca Municipal Program for Childhood and YouthFrancisco Morazn COMVIDA, Valle Ana Mara Flores Municipal Program for Childhood and Youth Nancy Carolina vila R. Honduran Red Cross, ValleHernndez COMVIDA, TegucigalpaNancy CastilloNetwork against Violence, Choluteca Edgardo Amador Municipal Program for Childhood and YouthCOMVIDA, TegucigalpaNelson PazPradelise Erick Guardado Municipal Program for Childhood and YouthNelson Rueda Channel 27, CholutecaCOMVIDA, TegucigalpaNorma L. PeraltaHuman Security Support Program (PASH),Gabriel Eduardo vila National Party of HondurasCholuteca Jorge Armando Chvez Youth House, TegucigalpaOscar Alexis GuevaraMunicipal Program for Childhood and YouthZamoraCOMVIDA, ValleJos MejaMetropolitan University of Honduras (UMH),Samuel Aguilera Canal 27, CholutecaTegucigalpa Silvia Yaneth MezaCatholic Church, Choluteca Josselin GarcaYoung Womens Network, Francisco Sinthia Fabiola Chirinos Municipal Program for Childhood and YouthMorazn COMVIDA - Nacaome, ValleKarla NjeraMunicipal Program for Childhood and YouthSonia Barahona National Direction of Criminal InvestigationCOMVIDA, Tegucigalpa(DNIC), CholutecaMarvin Enrique BetancoMunicipal Program for Childhood and YouthYessenia Guilln Secretariat of the Interior, Department ofCOMVIDA, TegucigalpaValleMaryury Micheleny Gmez Municipal Program for Childhood and Youth Yony Javier Pinel National Party Youth, CholutecaCOMVIDA, El Paraso Rosa Migdalia RodasMunicipal Program for Childhood and Youth,Francisco MoraznYolany Suyen Villanueva Pastoral Youths, Tegucigalpa, FranciscoMoraznParticipants in the Youth Council for the Southern Region: Choluteca and ValleAlberto Fuentes Liberal Party Youths, CholutecaAna Maria Maradiaga Local Emergency Committee, Choluteca Ania Sulay AmadorPact Pro Children, CholutecaBlanca Lidia Crdenas Amapala Municipal Mayors Office, ValleBrenda Santos Paz Municipal Program for Childhood and YouthCOMVIDA, Choluteca Delia FuentesMunicipal Program for Childhood and YouthCOMVIDA, Choluteca 9 10. NHDR Regional Advisory Council 008/009Members In Representation of : Members In Representation of : Participants in the Advisory Council for the Northern Region: Corts, Enma R. Tablada Family Health Promotion Center, La Ceiba,Santa Brbara and Yoro Atlntida Ada E. Cantarero National Autonomous University of Honduras Franklin Martin RiveraRepublic of Venezuela, Institute, La Ceiba,in the Sula Valley, Corts AtlntidaAlsira J. Fuentes Chamber of Commerce and Industry inJaime D. Iras Guzmn Association of Municipalities for CentralCorts (CCIC), CortsAtlantida (MAMUCA) Astor AmayaRed Cross, La Lima, Corts Jaime Martnez Ocampo Manuel Bonilla Institute, La Ceiba, AtlntidaCarlos BarnicaMunicipality of Santa Rita, Yoro Keydi Sols San Isidro Institute, La Ceiba, Atlntida Carlos Roberto PinedaNational Program for Childhood and YouthLidia Medina Municipality of Roatn, Islas de la BahaCOMVIDA Choloma, CortsLorenzo TinglasTawakka Federation of Indigenous Peoples of Diego Mauricio EspaaRubn Angel Rosa Institute, San Pedro Sula,Honduras (PITH), Puerto LempiraCortsLusy Fernndez ENMUNEH - Tela, AtlntidaEnrique Fuentes National Program for Childhood and YouthCOMVIDA, San Pedro Sula, CortsMarco A. Cruz Technological University of Honduras (UTH), La CeibaGracia Nibea AlvarengaNational Autonomous University of Hondurasin the Sula Valley, CortsMara Luisa MartorellAIDS Orientation and Training Center of SIDA, La Ceiba, AtlntidaIsabela OrellanaNational Autonomous University of Hondurasin the Sula Valley, Corts Melvia Mara AntnezNational AIDS Forum, La Ceiba, Atlntida Jared Trejo Alvarado National Program for Childhood and Youth Mercedes Orellana Municipality of Tela, AtlntidaCOMVIDA, San Pedro Sula, CortsMiriam Moradel deCenter for Promotion of Family Health and Jenny Corea B. National Program for Childhood and Youth ValenzuelaAssistance, La Ceiba AtlantidaCOMVIDA, La Lima, CortsMishel BoddenOrganization for Ethnic CommunityJorge LaraNational Autonomous University of Honduras Development, La Ceiba, Atlntidain the Sula Valley, CortsNedelka Lacayo ENMUNEH, La Ceiba, AtlntidaJorge R. InterianoHonduran Maquila Association (AHM),CortsPablo Daniel Hernndez San Isidro Institute, La Ceiba, AtlntidaJos Ramon AmayaSchool for Teachers, Santa BrbaraPatricia Amado AIDS Orientation and Training Center La Ceiba, Atlntida Juan Jacobo RodrguezRotary Club - Santa Brbara, Santa Brbara Renn Arturo Rivera Regional University Center for the AtlanticJuana Aracely Murillo Jos Trinidad Reyes Institute, Corts Orellana Coast CURLA/UNAH), La Ceiba Recarte Ren GmezMunicipality of Tela, Atlntida Karla RivasRadio Progreso, El Progreso, YoroRoberto Martnez AIDS Orientation and Training Center, LaNelson Omar Fiallos Paz Plan Honduras, CortsCeiba, Atlntida Ninosca Dore National Program for Childhood and YouthRoberto Meja ClixChamber of Commerce and Industry inCOMVIDA, La Lima, Corts Atlntida, AtlntidaNohelia VillamilMunicipality of Choloma, Corts Rosario AriasHonduran Red Cross, La Ceiba, Atlntida Nulvia Ramrez GamonedaOrganization for the Entrepreneurial Rudy C. Mejia DazMunicipality of Olanchito, YoroDevelopment of Women, Corts Santiago SolizNational Institute for Trade Ramn AmayaSchool for Teachers, Santa Barbara Professionalization (INFOP), Atlntida Shelly GarcaNational Program for Childhood and YouthTriminio Witcho BecamMasta NGO, AtlntidaCOMVIDA Morazn, Yoro Stefany Kristell Alberto National Program for Childhood and YouthCOMVIDA San Pedro Sula, CortsParticipants in the Advisory Council for the Western Region: Copn,Lempira and Ocotepeque Suyapa Sagastume PinedaWomens Group in Los Cerritos, SantaBrbara Alejandra GirnChristian Organization for the Integral Development of Honduras, Copn Vicente Villanueva Cceres Senior Citizens Group,, CortsAnuar Santos Local Economic Development Agency Santa Rosa de Copn, Copn Participants in the Advisory Council for the Atlantic Region: Atlntida, Aurora Prez Local Economic Development Agency SantaColn, Gracias a Dios, Islas de la Baha and YoroRosa de Copn, Copn Birginia MaflinFederation of the Tawahka IndigenousBessy Alvarado Local Economic Development Agency SantaPeoples of Honduras (PITH), Puerto Lempira Rosa de, CopnCarlos R. Vsquez Technological University of Honduras (UTH), Blanca Mirian CalidoniaMunicipality of Santa Rosa de Copn, CopnLa Ceiba, AtlntidaCarlos Alfarolvaro Contreras Institute, CopnCarlos Castillo Regional University Center for the AtlanticCoast (CURLA), La Ceiba, AtlntidaDania Gonzlez Organization for Christian Integral Development in Honduras, Copn Dilcia Emrita ValdezNational AIDS Forum, Olanchito-Yoro Dinael MejaAssociation of Municipalities Guisayote,Elen Mery CrescencioMASTA NGO, Gracias a DiosOcotepeque0 11. NHDR Regional Advisory Council 008/009 continued Members In Representation of :MembersIn Representation of :Edgar ZacapaMunicipal Mayors Office, Ocotepeque Ftima Clix Chamber of Commerce and Industry inComayagua, ComayaguaElida Mara AgeroGood Samaritan Christian Center, CopnFtima Martnez Municipal Mayors Office, La PazElisa Pineda Canelo Director of the Spanish Agency forInternational Development Cooperation Servando AlcerroMunicipal Commissioner, Comayagua(AECID), Copn Francisca Fnez Romero Jos Trinidad Cabaas School, Comayagua Elsa Claudine Santos FID Center, Professor A. Chinchilla,OcotepequeGraciela de Vlez International Network for Women,Comayagua Flor de Mara Molina Plan International, Copn Gregorio Alonso Garca Future Horizons, Comayagua Geidy Yadira Mejia Area Development Program, Copn (RegionalBoard Member)Gustavo Adolfo Meja Department Direction of Education (DDE),La PazGladis Ondina Guevara Municipality of Sensenti, OcotepequeIvonne LizardoSales Agent, La Paz Hctor R. Ortega OXFAM International, CopnJenny Bonilla Cultural Center, Comayagua Iris Magdalena Aguirre Chorti Indigenous Council, CopnJuan Miguel Fiallos Independent Producer, ComayaguaJess Humberto Alvarado Association of Non GovernmentOrganizations, CopnJulia Castrillo Red Cross, Comayagua Johana SandovalYouth Excellence Group, Ocotepeque Kelin Carolina CarranzaMunicipal Program for Childhood and YouthCOMVIDA, Comayagua Jorge Alcides LinaresBrotherhood of Honduras, OcotepequeKatherine J. PonceNational AIDS Forum, Intibuc Jos Octavio AlvaradoOXFAM International, CopnLindberg Edgardo Zavala Plan Program Unit, La Paz Jos Rosa SnchezLenca National Indigenous Organization ofHonduras (ONILH), LempiraMara Graciela LaraInternational Network for Women,ComayaguaJuan Manuel Bueso Municipality of Santa Rosa de Copn, CopnMara Justina PinedaCOPINH, Intibuc Juan Manuel CalidonioAssociation of the Sensenti Valley (ADEVAS),OcotepequeMario Guillermo Suazo PRESANCA, La Paz Marcelo D. Villalvir Plan Honduras, Copn Mario RivasDolores, Intibuc Margarita Garca Project for the Local Initiative for the RegionalMiguel Alonzo Macas RED COMAL, Siguatepeque, ComayaguaSelf Development of Honduras, Copn Nely Suyapa Villanueva ADEL, IntibucMauricio ArevaloMunicipality of Santa Rosa de Copn, CopnNicolaza RodrguezMunicipal Mayors Office, San Pedro deMelgar SuazoMunicipality of Sensenti, OcotepequeTutule, La Paz Nolberto Hernndez Municipal Mayors Office San Miguelito, Nolvia Marina Fonseca Comayagua Civil Society, ComayaguaIntibucNorma Elisa de AlcerroNational Director of the InternationalOrlando J. Murcia Dr. Esteban Mendoza Institute, CopnNetwork for Women, ComayaguaRen Salvador Reyes R.Honduran Youth Institute, OcotepequeNorma Esperanza RosCEFORTECMUH, ComayaguaRuth Lorena Vsquez Project for the Local Initiative for the RegionalOsman Fernando Suazo Municipality of La Paz, La PazSelf Development of Honduras, Copn Olivia Castellanos COMIXMUL, Siguatepeque, ComayaguaScarlett L. Morn Lpez Women Micro Entrepreneurs, OcotepequePatrick Risberg Friends of the Americas, La PazVilma MembreoNetwork for Women Gracias, Lempira Pedro Vijl MejaChamber of Commerce and Industry inWendy Y. LagosArea Development Program, Copn Intibuc, Intibuc Xochilt Alejandra Garca Catholic Church of Copn, CopnRamn Antonio Gonzlez Local Economic Development Agency,Intibuc Yenny MarnAgency for Local Strategic Development ofSanta Rosa, CopnSantos Patricia Orellana Red Cross, IntibucSonia Elizabeth Ortiz Municipality of ComayaguaParticipants in the Advisory Council for the Central Western Region: Yemi Patricia SolrzanoCaritas, Comayagua Comayagua, Intibuc and La PazParticipants in the Advisory Council for the Central Western Region: El Aida O. Daz G.Center for the Technical Formation of Paraso, Olancho and Francisco MoraznHonduran Women, ComayaguaClarissa NezNational Youth Institute (INJ), FranciscoAna Mireya Torres Municipal Mayors Office, Comayagua MoraznDayanara MejaHonduran Red Cross, Comayagua Claudia HerrmannsdoferCenter for Womens Rights (CDM), FranciscoMoraznEdis GodoyCenter for Police Instruction, La Paz Delmy Soledad Quinez DILTA / SAG, Danl, El Paraso Edwin MaldonadoMunicipality of Siguatepeque, ComayaguaEdgardo Bentez Green Alliance, Francisco MoraznEsey Sosa NS Youth, ComayaguaElsy Margoth Villalta Youth Group, Francisco MoraznEvelina BarahonaNational AIDS Forum, Intibuc 12. NHDR Regional Advisory Council 008/009 continuedMembers In Representation of :MembersIn Representation of :Florencia Rodrguez Honduran Association of Economists, Elsa Herrera National Pedagogic University FranciscoFrancisco MoraznMorazn, Choluteca Francisco Antonio Zniga Chamber of Commerce and Industry in Emma Mayorga Municipal Program for Childhood and YouthOlanchoCOMVIDA, Choluteca Guido Oquel JCI Honduras, Francisco MoraznErling Xavier Domnguez Nacaome Valle Theater GroupHenry MancaCultural Center, Francisco MoraznFidel Ramn Pineda Southern Region Social Forum, Choluteca Ismael Corts Vallecillo Municipal Office in Alauca, El ParasoFlor de Mara Moya Municipal Office in Marcovia, Choluteca Lizeth Ordez Foundation for Democracy and Development Garder Jairo RodrguezAssociation of Municipalities La Botija andof Honduras, Francisco Morazn Guanacaure, Choluteca Luis Berros Chamber of Commerce and Industry inGladis Castillo Center for Study and Action for theOlancho, Olancho Development of Honduras, Valle Mario Njera Municipal Program for Childhood and Gloria MartnezTechnical Guide School #13 Dr. MarcoYouth COMVIDA Valle de Angeles, FranciscoAurelio Soto, ValleMoraznHeber GmezMunicipal Office in Morolica, CholutecaMelida Yolanda Morgan Youth Without Borders, El Paraso Jesy Nohemy Barralaga Peace and Development, CholutecaNidia M. SevillaJCI, Danl, El ParasoJos Antonio Rodas Pastors Association, CholutecaNoemy TorresLabor and Social Security Secretariat,Francisco MoraznJos Luis Canales Pastors Association, Choluteca Oscar RedondoNational University of Agriculture (UNA),Jos Rafael Vallejo Association of Municipalities la Botija andOlanchoGuanacaure, Choluteca Sonia Elizabeth Zelaya Espaa School for Teachers, Danl. El Paraso,Juana Francisca Montes Municipal Offices, CholutecaEl ParasoKaren Oseguera Municipal Program for Childhood and Youth Vicente Duabeitia Embassy of Spain in TegucigalpaCOMVIDA, Choluteca Hernndez Karla Sujey CardanosMunicipal Program for Childhood and Youth Wilfredo Sal Torres R.National Agrarian Institute (INA), Francisco COMVIDA, CholutecaMorazn Katya QuirozChamber of Commerce and Industry of Choluteca Participants in the Advisory Council for the Southern Region:Keyli Danely Baquedano Municipal Program for Childhood and YouthCholuteca and ValleCOMVIDA, CholutecaAdelfa Mara Rivera Municipal Program for Childhood and Youth Leman Yasser Aguirre Network of Child Communicators, CholutecaCOMVIDA, Choluteca Mara Elena Vsquez Jos Cecilio del Valle Institute, Choluteca Adin Bacia ElvirPastors Association, Choluteca Mara Sodeyda lvarez Municipal Office in ValleAlba Isabel Ponce Municipal Program for Childhood and YouthNancy Paola Macias Santa Mara Goretty, CholutecaCOMVIDA, CholutecaNatividad PeraltaNetwork Against Violence, Choluteca Alba Leonor MejaCenter for Study and Action for theDevelopment of Honduras, Valle Nelson GutirrezNational Institute for Trade Professionalization (INFOP), Valle Alejandra Nohemy Lpez Christian Advent Institute, ValleOsman A. Rivas Pacific Region University Center, CholutecaAngel Gabriel Lpez Valle Observatory, VallePedro DomnguezMunicipal Office in Tutule La Paz, Valle Areli Mariela EspinalMunicipal Program for Childhood and Youth (Deputy Mayor)COMVIDA, CholutecaRudis Tulio DegrandesPacific Region University Center, CholutecaArmida Elizabeth Quiroz Self Support Group Ms que Vencedores,CholutecaSergio AlejandroCommunicators Network, CholutecaBlanca Lidia Crdenas Municipal Office in Amapala, Valle Sobeyda lvarez Coordinator for the Valle Observatory,Carlos A. Fnez National Competitiveness Program,Sonia Hernndez Association of Municipalities on the SouthernCholutecaCoast, Valle (Network Coordinator)Csar Aguirre Honduras Green Cross, Choluteca Vctor Josu CrdenasMunicipal Program for Childhood and Youth COMVIDA, Choluteca Delmy Perino Association of Municipalities la Botija andGuanacaure, Choluteca Victoria Lanez Alvarado Municipal Program for Childhood and Youth COMVIDA, NacaomeDiego ZepedaPeace and Development, Choluteca Xavier Medina Maradiaga Youth Pastoral in Choluteca Dilcia Izaguirre Association of Municipalities la Botija andGuanacaure, CholutecaDoris Elizabeth SalvadorSan Juan Bosco Silesian Institute, ValleElia MondragnNetwork of Child Communicators. El Corpus,Choluteca 13. Preface This National Human Development Reportthe development process of the Honduran society.(NHDR) 2008/2009 is dedicated to youth, whichThe inherent familiarity of youth with modernoccupies a prominent position in the Agenda of information and communication technologies;the United Nations System (UN), especially since its vitality; and enthusiasm in whatever it does,1985, declared by the General Assembly as theas well as the dreams and hopes for a promisingInternational Year of Youth. future will be an enormous contribution to this The report consists of analysis and reflections purpose. Therefore, the commitment of the State,on the varied forms of social exclusion that Hon-organized civil society, private sector, and parents isduran youth is facing, and to suggest policies,to create the conditions for youth to contribute toprograms and projects for social inclusion, youththe human development of the Honduran societycitizenship building, and human development. to the best of their capacity. Spaces and mindsIt advocates the struggle against the main forms must be open to realize that the youth of todayof social exclusion that limit the real exercise po- are part of the solution, and not an obstacle, to thetential of youth and promotes its participation in problems and challenges of human development.the design, execution and follow-up of programsWe must open our understanding of the culturaland projects geared toward making it a strategic changes of this era of globalization; changes thatprotagonist of development.generate huge avenues to achieve the potentials, The participation of youth in building a more capacities and opportunities for the youth of ourinclusive, just and solidary Honduras is primordialtime, a youth obviously different than the one we,and fundamental because, as Mr. Ban Ki-moon, as adults of today, lived in our time since societiesGeneral Secretary of the United Nations, pointed change continually and each generation faces newout:when youth has the opportunity to partici-challenges and agendas.pate in their communities it has more possibilitiesThis report is not limited to the diagnosticof incorporating successfully into the adult life. analysis of the situation of the Honduran youth.Those that are marginalized and lack those op- It also offers policy guidelines and proposals thatportunities often feel alienated and hopeless andwe hope will contribute to addressing from aadopt anti-social and high-risk behaviors. Whenmultidimensional focus the problems and chal-youth has participated more fully in its commu-lenges faced by the Honduran youth in becomingnities and the countries have taken advantage of strategic agents for the human development ofthe youth labor supply, youth has been a powerfulHonduras. We trust that this report will developand positive force that has driven the development into an important point of reference and a valu-of societies (Report of the Secretary General, 30 able tool for youth, whose voices are reflectedOctober, 2008).herein; for the parents; for the educators; for the Adopting a sustainable human developmentprivate sector; for the international aid agen-paradigm also implies the improvement of human cies; for related NGOs working with youth; andcapabilities and the creation of opportunities sofor the Honduran State who is called upon tothat the population can exercise them. In this coordinate the great national effort in which allregard, it is essential for the Honduran youth tocitizens should become involved in order to giveoccupy a preferential place in the public agenda this generation of youth, and the one that willthat allows it to participate as a main protagonist in follow, a central position granted to them by 14. the information and knowledge society, and theThe intention of the 2008/2009 NHDR is to economic, political and cultural globalization. contribute to the development of the National This is one of the biggest challenges we face and Youth Policy which is an extremely relevant tool to which we must all contribute with the best ofto propel programs and projects for young Hon- our intelligence, talents, initiatives, commitmentdurans, based on the concept of youth citizenship and solidarity, and from our own particular niche building. In my condition as UNDP Resident in the Honduran society,Representative, I want to express my gratitude to This report is the outcome of a rigorous research all the persons who in one way or another were process that used a wide range of methodologi-involved in making this report a reality. We ex- cal tools. Among these is the National Survey ofpress our acknowledgement and gratitude to the Human Development Perception (ENPDH,Swedish International Development Cooperation Spanish acronym), the first of its kind, carriedAgency (SIDA), who has been a decisive support out by the UNDP with the main support of thein this effort, as well as the Spanish Agency for In- Swedish International Development Cooperation ternational Development Cooperation (AECID, Agency and placed at the disposition of all sectors Spanish acronym). Our deepest gratitude goes to of the Honduran society. 4,223 young Honduransall of the Honduran youth, who has been the main participated in the survey which was prepared byprotagonist throughout this entire process. the National Institute of Statistics (INE, Spanish acronym). Fifty Focus Groups were formed withTegucigalpa, June. 2009 young Hondurans and adults from different parts of the country, a multitude of interviews were held with different sectors of the Honduran society, and life stories were gathered with young Hondurans. Likewise, feedback was provided from a National Youth Council, a National Advisory Council, sixRebeca Arias Regional Advisory Councils, and an Inter-agencyResident Representative Technical Committee from the UNS, amongUnited Nations Development other advisory and feedback spaces.Program, Honduras 15. Acknowledgement The National Human Development ReportJaneth Pea, Cristi Mariela Castellanos, Cristian2008/2009 is the outcome of a highly participa- Ren Ortez, Dagoberto Suazo Martnez, Damarystory process, with the generous collaboration and Ruiz Orantes, Dania Lizeth Serrano, Daniel Fran-participation of numerous persons, institutions cisco Iras, Daniel Moya Turcia, Danelia Lohanyand organizations whose valuable input contrib- Manca, Darwin lvarez, David Medina, Deliauted to the realization of this report. Fuentes, Delmis Indira Pastrana, Delmy Vasquez, The UNDP Honduras Human DevelopmentDenis Josu Ortz Enamorado, Dennis Crcamo,Team expresses its gratitude and recognition to Dennis J. Muoz, Deysi Eliud Villanueva, Deysithe following men and women:Surez, Dinora Izaguirre, Dulce Villanueva Sn- To the members of the national and regionalchez, Eber Josu Rodas, Eddy Antonio B., EdgarYouth Councils for showing us the varied facets Agusto Fuentes, Edgardo Amador, Edwin lvarez,of the current reality of young Hondurans and Edwin R. Maldonado, Edgar Zacapa, Edgardogiving us their comments throughout the dif-Javier, Edgardo Ortz, Eduardo Luis Membreo,ferent stages of preparation of this report; ourEdwin Prez Pavn, Edwin R. Rodrguez, Edwingratitude to Ada Luz Lpez, Adrian Vsquez, Snchez, Eldamaria Agero, Elas H. Euceda, ElisaAlberto Fuentes, Alejandro Ortega, Alex Gardner,Mariela Ras, Emma Izabel Mena, Enka VanessaAlfonso Martnez, Alfredo Snchez, Alicia AnabelVsquez, Eradine A. Nixon, Erick D. Zepeda,Cruz, Alma Ivn Mendoza, Ana Chavarra, Ana Erick Guardado, Erick Sarmiento, Esdras JonatanJ. Chavarra, Ana Fabiola Castillo B., Ana MaraSols, Esdras Nehemias Cruz, Estafana Pavn,Flores Hernndez, Ana Mara Maradiaga, AnaEvelina Barahona, Fanny Bustillo, Fanny GabrielaMireya Torres, Ana Sofa Velsquez, Andrea E. Bonilla, Farlin Yesenia Franco, Fernando Coca,Estrada, Andrea Nicolle Benavides, Andrea S.Fernando Javier Miranda, Flor de Mara Moya,Snchez Amaya, ngel Eduardo Almendares,Floridalma Meja, Floriselda Velsquez L., Fran-ngel Ventura, ngela Flores, ngela Iveth Lpez, cisco J. Madrid, Francy Daybely Snchez, Francysngela Lpez Trejo, Ania Sulay Amador, AnngiElizabeth Quiroz, Franklin Rivera, Franklin RiveraMelissa Lpez, Argenis Josue Campo, Argeria Hernndez, Frederick Alexander Aguilar, FredyM. Zelaya, Bertha Reyes, Bety Rosales Castro, Alexander Reyes, Gabriel Eduardo vila, GelmiBladimir Vsquez, Blanca Lidia Crdenas, Blanca Portillo Ruiz, Gerardo Medina Romero, GersonLizbeth Chinchilla, Blanca Lizbeth Valenzuela,Daniel Moya, Gerson Joel Suazo Castillo, GersonBrenda Santos Paz, Brenda Yadira Lavaire, Bryan Ruiz, Glendy Guillen, Gloria Melissa Meja, Glo-Alas, Carlos David Dextre R., Carlos Henrquez, ria Mercedes Rodrguez Lpez, Godofredo Solano,Carlos Hernndez, Carlos Josue Chvez, Carlos Gracia Mara Rojas Torres, Gracia Mara Zepeda,Magno Roque, Carlos Nicols Zuniga, CarlosGraciela de Veles, Gustavo Andino, GustavoRoberto Torres, Carmen Alicia Baca, Carmen C-Meja, Gustavo Sols, Harold Vallecillo, Hctorceres, Carmen Garca, Carmen Melissa Mndez,Jos Osorio Bogrn, Hctor O. Rodrguez, Hc-Carmen Patricia Ortz C., Carmen Yolibeth Cce- tor Sal Doblado, Heidy Yulisa Cortz, Hillaryres, Carol Alejandra Ramos Lpez, Celeste Meja,Hassive Pineda, Hugo Ren Corea Rivas, HugoCelia Aracely Meza, Cherry Jehanelee Brooks Ren Garca, Indira Scarlett Domnguez, IngridKelly, Christian Andrs Gradiz, Christian Suazo,L. Rodrguez, Irn David Araujo Garca, IrisCinthia P. Velsquez, Claudio Valeriano, Crisna Arely Vijil Crcamo, Isaar Eduardo Banegas, Isa 16. Fajardo Mrquez, Isa Natan Zepeda, Isis Mar-Castro, Nelson David Oviedo Snchez, Nelson garita Barahona, Italia Rodrguez, Ivn BertoniPaz, Nelson Rueda, Nstor Rene Torres, Nillts Sandoval, Ixza Vanessa Rodas, Jacobo Josi Her- Sunny Cabrera, Ninoska Morales, Nolvia Moreira rera, Jairo Josely Matute, Jakobo Roberto Nazar, Garca, Noriss Concepcin Snchez Rivera, Jan Mirna Gmez B., Javier Andrs Clix, JavierNorma L. Peralta, Norma Salmern, Norman Arturo Espaa, Jennifer Cano, Jenny Bonilla, Adonay Hernndez Manueles, Octavio Shaurie, Jerson Daniel Moya T., Jheniffer W. Valenzuela,Odalma Abigal, Ondina Misheell Santos Moran, Jimmy Hernndez, Johanna Janeth Coello, Jona-Onelia Soledad Martinez, Oscar Alexis Guevara, than Josu Salazar, Jorge A. Guerra Lpez, Jorge Oscar Rolando Umanzor, Oscar Vsquez, Os- Alberto Molina, Jorge Alberto Molina, Jorge Ar-man Fernando Crcamo Suazo, Osman Rene mando Chvez Zamora, Jorge Armando Molina, Fnez Portillo, Pablo Daniel Fernndez, Patricia Jorge Gutirrez, Jos Banegas, Jos Cristbal Prez, S. Castrillo Velsquez, Patrick Risberg, Rafael Jos Luis Estrada, Jos Manuel Lpez Cubas, Jos Antonio Ramos, Ramn Rosa Vallecillo Meja, Mara Martinez, Jos Meja, Jos Oswaldo Chin- Randy Palma, Reina Argentina Mazariegan Reyes, chilla, Jos P. Rodrguez, Jos Ren Mourra, JosReina Isabel Sibrian, Reina Patricia Trejo, Reina Santos Rivera, Jos Salgado, Joseph Ford, Josha M. Trejo, Rene Sosa, Ricardo Alvarenga, Roberto Alvarado, Josselin Garca, Josseline L. Vallecillo,Adn Roblel, Rodulio Antonio Perdomo, Romel Juan ngel Castro Daz, Juan Carlos Lpez Lalin, Omar Soto Cerrato, Roger Surez, Rosa Banegas, Juan Bertoni Sandoval, Julia Dinora S. Reyes, JulioRosa Idalia Caballero, Rosa Migdalia Rodas, Ro- Cesar Lpez, Junior Antonio Paz, Karen Elizabeth sario Armijo, Samuel Aguilera, Samuel Gutirrez Ortega, Karen Vanessa Rodrguez Fernndez, Garca, Samuel Zelaya, Sandra Argentina Fiallos Karla Najera, Karla Ruth Flores, Karla ZulimaReyes, Sandra Waleska Mrquez, Sandy Paola Flores Aguilera, Katlheen Verenice Nolasco, Kay- vila Z., Sara Rodrguez, Saray Buezo C., Sal sha Mena, Kelin Carolina Carranza, Kelin Ortiz Ernesto Meja, Selvin Arriaga, Sharon M. Andino, Alvarado, Kenia Margoth Fuentes, Keren Gmez Silvia Elena Monge, Silvia Yaneth Meza, Sinthia Osorio, Kerin Yolany Machado, Kerlin Rosendo,Fabiola Chirinos, Sonia Barahona, Stephany Mur- Kerlyn Rosales Armijo, Kevin Ariel Baca Marti- cia, Tania Yorleny Clix, Tatiana E. Sols, Tomas nez, Kevin Julian Gmez, Kevin Vsquez, KeydiGmez Membreo, Tzy Yadira Ponce, Vctor Y. Solis Romero, Lempira Lpez Meja, LeninAnchecta, Victoria Alejandra Izaguirre, Walter Guevara Hernndez, Leopoldo E. M. Caldern,Alexis Maradiaga Paz, Walter Isaias B., Walter Leslie Esa Carvajal Conde, Licis Castrillo, Lidia Meja, Walter Nuoz Flores, Walter Osbilmer Argentina Cruz Rodrguez, Lilian Dinora Chiri- Cantarero, Wendy Aguilar Leiva, Wendy Carolina nos, Liliana Pereira Ayala, Limber Misael Canales, Meja, Wendy Martinez Valerio, Wendy Xiomara Linder Serrano, Lisa Arias, Loyda Eunice Vega, Lpez, Wilfredo Molina, Wilmer Banego, Xochilt Lucy Marquina, Luis Alberto Salgado Lpez, LuisGarca, Yahaira Mara Zelaya, Yeni Canales, Yeni Alberto Torres, Luis Alfredo Prez, Luis David Carolina Tbora, Yennifer Clarisa Bautista, Yen- Vsquez, Luis Edgardo Garca, Luis Rodrguez,nifer Melissa Rodrguez, Yessenia Guilln, Yessica Luven Buckly, Luz Gabriela Ramrez Alvarenga,A. Martinez, Yessica Elizabeth Daz Reyes, Yoleni Marcial Garca, Marcio Noel Alemn Rodrguez,Olivia Fuentes, Yolany Suyen Villanueva, Yony Mara Inz Pinel, Mara Rosibel H. Ochoa, MaraJavier Pinel, and Yony Misael Alcerro. Socorro Anariba Ulloa, Maribel Bueso C., MarielaTo the members of the National Advisory Roxana Robles, Mario Guillermo Suazo, MaritzaCouncils and Regional Advisory Councils, for Janeth Berrion, Marlin Villafranco, Marlon Avelar, their valuable comments and contributions; our Marlon Isaas Avelar Barahona, Marlon Palma, appreciation to Ada E. Cantarero, Adelfa Mara Marvin David Medina Hernndez C., Marvin Rivera, Adin Bacia Elvir, Ada O. Daz G., Alba Enrique Betanco, Mary Cruz Fuentes, Maryling Isabel Ponce, Alba Leonor Meja, Alejandra Girn, Aminta Fonseca, Maryuri Erazo, Maryury Mi- Alejandra Nohemy Lpez, Alsira J. Fuentes, Am- cheleny Gmez, Melissa Mndez, Melvin Omar lcar Bulnes, Ana Mireya Torres, ngel Gabriel Carbajal, Miguel Alonzo Mactas, Miguel Enrique Lpez, Ann Stodberg, Anuar Santos, Areli Mariela Salazar, Milton Casildo, Milyan Tatiana Pineda Espinal, Arnold Amya, Armida Elizabeth Quiroz, Castro, Mirza Marlen Ulloa, Misheele Morn, Na-Astor Amaya, Aurora Prez, Bessy Alvarado, dina Guerra, Nahomi Nicole Fernndez, NahumBirginia Maflin, Blanca Lidia Crdenas, Blanca Antonio Lanza, Nahn Rivera, Nancy CarolinaMirian Calidonia, Carlos A. Fnez, Carlos Alfaro, vila R., Nancy Castillo, Nelhy Cceres, NelsonCarlos Barnica, Carlos Castillo, Carlos Miranda, 17. Carlos Roberto Pineda, Carlos R. Vsquez, CesarMoradel de Valenzuela, Mishel Bodden, NedelkaAguirre, Clarissa Nez, Claudia Herrmanns-Lacayo, Nancy Paola Macas, Natividad Peralta,dofer, Dania Gonzlez, Dayanara Meja, Delmy Nelson Gutirrez, Nelson Omar Fiallos Paz, NelyPerino, Delmy Soledad Quinez, Diego Mauri- Suyapa Villanueva, Nicolaza Rodrguez, Nidia M.cio Espaa, Diego Zepeda, Dilcia Emrita Valdez, Sevilla, Ninosca Dore, Nohelia Villamil, NoemyDilcia Izaguirre, Dinael Meja, Doris ElizabethTorres, Nolberto Hernndez, Nolvia Marina Fon-Salvador, Edgar Zacapa, Edgardo Bentez, Edisseca, Norma Elisa de Alcerro, Norma EsperanzaGodoy, Edwin Maldonado, Elen Mery Cres-Rios, Nulvia Ramrez Gamoneda, Olivia Castel-cencio, Elia Mondragn, Elida Mara Agero,lanos, Orlando J. Murcia, Oscar Redondo, OsmanElisa Pineda Canelo, Elsa Claudine Santos, ElsaA. Rivas, Osman Fernando Suazo, Pablo DanielHerrera, Elsy Margoth Villalta, Emma Mayorga,Hernndez, Patricia Amado, Patrick Risberg,Enma R. Tablada, Enrique Fuentes, Erling XavierPedro Domnguez, Ramn Amaya, Pedro VijilDomnguez, Esey Sosa, Evelina Barahona, Ftima Meja, Ramn Antonio Gonzlez, Rebeca Arias,Clix, Ftima Martinez, Fernando Tom, Fidel Renn Arturo Rivera Orellana, Ren Gmez, RenRamn Pineda, Flor de Mara Molina, Flor deSalvador Reyes R., Roberto Martinez, RobertoMara Moya, Florencia Rodrguez, Francisca Fu- Meja Clix, Rodolfo Pastor Fasquelle, Rosarionez Romero, Francisco Antonio Zniga, Franklin Arias, Rudis Tulio Degrandes, Rudy C. MejiaMartn Rivera, Garder Jairo Rodrguez, Geidy Diaz, Ruth Lorena Vasquez, Santiago Soliz, SantosYadira Meja, Gladis Castillo, Gladis Ondina Gue-Patricia Orellana, Scarlett L. Moran Lopez, Sergiovara, Gloria Martinez, Gracia Nibea Alvarenga, Alejandro, Sergio Guimaraes, Sernando Alcerro,Germn Zepeda, Graciela de Vlez, Gregorio Shelly Garcia, Silvia Bessy Ayala Figueroa, Sobey-Alonso Garca, Guido Oquel, Gustavo Adolfoda lvarez, Sonia Elizabeth Ortiz, Sonia ElizabethMeja, Gustavo Cceres, Heber Gmez, HctorZelaya, Sonia Hernandez, Stefany Kristell Alber-R. Ortega, Henrry Manca, Hernando Clavijo,toc, Suyapa Sagastume Pineda, Triminio WitchoIris Magdalena Aguirre, Isabela Orellana, Ismael Becam, Unwing Evans, Vicente DuabeitiaCorts Vallecillo, Ivonne Lizardo, Jaime D. IrasHernndez, Vicente Villanueva Cceres, VctorGuzmn, Jaime Martinez Ocampo, Jared Trejo Josu Crdenas, Victoria Lanez Alvarado, VilmaAlvarado, Jenny Bonilla, Jenny Corea B., Jess Cecilia Morales, Vilma Membreo, Wendy Y.Humberto Alvarado, Jesy Nohemy Barralaga,Lagos, Wilfredo Mndez, Wilfredo Saul TorresJohana Sandoval, Jorge Aguilar, Jorge AlcidesR., Xavier Medina Maradiaga, Xochilt AlejandraLinares, Jorge Lara, Jorge R. Interiano, Jos An-Garcia, Yemi Patricia Solrzano, Yenny Marin,tonio Rodas, Jos Dallo, Jos Luis Canales, Jos and Zoila Suyapa Prudot.Octavio Alvarado, Jos Rafael Vallejo, Jos RamnTo the International Advisors to the Report:Amaya, Jos Rolando B, Jos Rosa Snchez, JosJorge Benedicto, Ernesto Rodriguez and FernandoSimn Azcona Bocock, Juan Jacobo Rodrguez,Calderon, for giving their valuable academic,Juan Manuel Bueso, Juan Manuel Calidonio,methodological and professional support through-Juan Miguel Fiallos, Juan Orlando Hernndezout the entire research process.Alvarado, Juana Aracely Murillo Recarte, Juana To the youth participants in the NHDRFrancisca Montes, Julia Castrillo, Karen Oceguera, 2008/2009 Drawing, Painting and PhotographyKarla Rivas, Karla Sujey Cardanos, Katherine J.Contest: Youth as seen from Youth sponsored byPonce, Katya Quiroz, Kelin Carolina Carranza,the UNDP and ASDI to select the cover for thisKeydi Sols, Keyli Danely Baquedano, Leman report. Our gratitude to Aline Iveth Vijil Gmez,Yasser Aguirre, Leonardo Villeda Bermdez, Ana Luca Castro, Aura Gumercinda Luke R,Lidia Medina, Lindberg Edgardo Zavala, LizethBelkis Ynez, Carlos Guillermo Erazo Murillo, Ce-Ordez, Lorenzo Tinglas, Luca Renda, Lucaslestina Bernndez Nez, Dagmar Banegas Peraza,Aguilera Pineda, Luis Berros, Lusy Fernndez, Daniela Fajardo, Daysi Brne, Deri Sal PastorManuel Gamero, Marco A. Cruz, Mara ElenaNez, Esdras Cruz, Esmeralda de Jess MatuteVsquez, Maria Graciela Lara, Maria JustinaTurcio, Esteban Enrique Hernndez Garay, EvelynPineda, Mara Luisa Martorell, Mara Sodeyda Raquel Lpez Zelaya, Freddy Alexander Ortiz,lvarez, Marcelo D. Villalvir, Margarita Garca, Gabriela Rivera, Georgette Massou, GerardoMario Guillermo Suazo, Mario Njera, Mario Rafael Nez Duron, Irila Bernndez Sabio, IvanRivas, Mauricio Arevalo, Melgar Suazo, MelidaAndrs Zaldvar Perdomo, Ivan Roberto RivasYolanda Morgan, Melvia Mara Antnez, Mer- Espinal, Jairo Vallecillo Martinez, Jessica Kafie,cedes Orellana, Miguel Alonzo Macas, Miriam Jos Luis Pineda Suarez, Jos Manuel Matheu, Jos 18. Santos Ruz, Karen Mariely Espinal Aguilar, Karen and Medium Enterprises). To the Secretariat of Maritza Smart Matamoros, Karla Lozano, Kensil the Interior and Governance, the Secretariat of Funez, Kevin Omar Aguilar Artiaga, Kiana Diaz,Foreign Affairs, Secretariat of Agriculture and Kristabel Denisse Lopez Elvir, Loris Bendeck, Livestock, particularly to the Minister Hctor Lucila Garca, Luisa Rodrguez, Marlon DavidHernndez Amador, Jorge Navarro (SEFIN), Alba Ochoa, Marvin Joel Padea Pineda, Melissa PonceCecilia Mena (IHNFA), Edgardo Arita (IHNFA), Maradiaga, Natalia Vanegas, Norma SalmernBelinda Ponce (Secretariat of Education), Omar Owen Isa Crcamo, Pamela Romero, Patricia A. Rivera (Social Cabinet). Diaz Motz, Roberta Ordez, Rosy Sevilla, SuelenOur appreciation to the different Government Kensil Funez, Yorleni Sarah Ruiz and Wendy Institutions that in one way or another have kindly Waleska Borjas Chavez.collaborated in preparing this report. To the facilitators of the regional workshops Our gratitude to the municipalities of Santa for their important contribution. Thank you toRosa de Copn, Siguatepeque, Danl, and San Wendy Medina (Facilitator of the Central-West-Pedro Sula. ern region); Yasmina Fuentes (Facilitator of theTo the National Institute of Statistics (INE) Southern region); Nora Recinos (Facilitator of thefor their valuable collaboration with the National Western region); Nadina Lpez (Facilitator of the Survey of Human Development Perception (EN- Northern region); Leslie Franco (Facilitator of the PDH, Spanish acronym), performing the work in Atlantic region). the design of the sample, test piloting the survey To the 500 Honduran men and women mostform, training the surveyors, taking the survey at of them young who participated in the differ- field level, and coding and entering the data. We ent Focus Groups and with the richness of their want to thank the support of its Director, Sergio discussions and feelings expressed in the workSnchez as well as Gloria Velsquez, Horacio meetings helped us to understand many of theLovo, Suyapa Ponce, Wlmer Banegas and all of attitudes and perception of the Honduran youth. the technical and support staff that in one way or Our most sincere gratitude to each and every oneanother participated in this process. of the participants that attended the meetingsTo the members of the Inter-agency Technical held in: Tegucigalpa (Francisco Morazn), San Committee of the UNS and the different UNDP Pedro Sula (Corts), Comayagua (Comayagua), Units that provided their comments and input for Santa Brbara (Santa Brbara), Gracias (Lempira), the survey; and the work performed by Maylee La Esperanza (Intibuc), Santa Rosa de CopnGalvez, Eduardo Portillo and Rafael Galvez who (Copn), Catacamas (Olancho), Siguatepequecollaborated with the data processing and tabula- (Comayagua), La Ceiba (Atlntida) and Telation and Hctor Varela that worked on diagram- (Atlntida).ming the survey results for the document. We are thankful to the firm ANED ConsultoresTo Susana Li and Erasmo Enrquez from the for performing the work to structure and arrangeSupreme Electoral Court, to Norma Guillen from the logistics of the fifty Focus Groups, especially the Secretariat of Education; to the staff from to Siomara Bertrand, Karina Osorto and Mariathe Planning and Management Assessment Unit Amador. (UPEG, Spanish acronym) of the Secretariats of A very special gratitude to the National YouthPublic Education, Public Health, Finances and Institute (INJ, Spanish acronym), to the leadership International Technical Cooperation, all of whom of the Minister Gustavo Cceres and his technical provided information and statistical data. team, especially Norma Caras, Randolfo Garca, We also want to thank Hedman Allan Paredes, Romulo Alvarado, Sonia Velsquez, Ana HallGuadalupe Snchez and Allan Daz from AM- and Bayardo Snchez, for their firm support toHON, Esteban Hernndez (COHEP), Denisse the NHDR process. Likewise to the Secretariat Miranda (FOPRIDEH), Ligis Cceres (FONAC), of Labor and Social Security, particularly to Pa- Adalid Iras (CONPAH) and Dante Mossi from tricia Canales, Director of Employment, to Allanthe World Bank for their support in obtaining Cruz, Director of the UPEG and also to Romaninformation and statistical data. Pacheco, Cynthia Membreo, Gerson Gonzles, To the Center for the Migrant Returnee (CAM- Rina Surez Burgos, technicians from the Hondu- R, Spanish acronym), particularly Sister Valdette ran Labor Market Observatory. To the SecretariatWilleman, Head of the CAM-R, for allowing to of Industry and Trade, specifically Ana Murillo,survey the returnees on issues regarding migration Vice minister for the MIPYMES (Micro, Small and citizenship and also providing information on8 19. the Centers activities, application of the migratory and to Edith Zavala from FONAMIH.policy, situation of the returnee migrant and on the For their contribution to defining the conceptNational Fund for the Honduran Migrant (FON-of audiovisual tools that accompany the NHDR,AMIH). We also want to thank all the CAM-Rour thanks to: Servio Tulio Mateo, Gabriela Luciapersonnel, among them Aracely Romero Mendoza, Urbina, Rina E. Triminio, Jos Luis Reyes, Eliza-Jose Virgilio Galo, Ernesto Galdmez Caras, Marabeth Figueira, Nolban Medrano, Adrian Guerra,Brgida Abelar, Wendy Gissel Gonzles, Nohemy Gerardo Aguilar, ngel Maldonado, Marvin Oril-Cruz Palma, Lourdes Pamela Solrzano, Luis Fer- lan, Juan Fernando Lobo, Marco Orellana, Marionando Moya, Oscar Maldonado, Mirian Aracely Erazo, Fabricio R. Servelln and Susana Lobo.Flores y Rosa Haydee Lpez.For preparing the promotion capsules and To the local consultants that offered importantvideo documentary, our gratitude to: ngel Davidreflections and studies that helped us put together Maldonado Rosales, Cesar Hernndez, Alishanthe 2008/2009 NHDR. Our thanks to Rolando Mayorca, Elbert Mazamora, Javier Narrayega,Morales for his counseling on the methodology toJos Antonio Lpez, Laura Bermdez, Claudiacalculate the human development indexes and toBarrientos, Andrs Papousek and the other col-Marlon Carranza for his input on youth in sociallaborators from Nemesis Estudio.risk, along with Elena Carolina Banegas LpezFor preparing the musical video and song forfor the orthographic and grammatical edition of the 2008/2009 NHDR, our recognition to: Ma-the report. rio Erazo, Juan Jos Nez, Sherry and Sheila, To the readers and commentators of the differ- the Bohemios del Reguetn, Fabricio Servelln,ent 2008/2009 NHDR sections. Our appreciation Nilo Espinal, Juan Jos Nez and their col-to Julieta Castellanos (Rector of the UNAH),laborators.Vilma Morales (former President of the Supreme The publicity animation was possible thanksCourt of Justice), Manuel Gamero (Executive to the work of Nolban Martin Medrano, AdrianDirector of Diario Tiempo), Hernando ClavijoGuerra and their collaborators in Latino Estudio.(UNFPA Resident Representative in Honduras), A special thank you to the work carried outPablo Salazar (UNDP consultant), Luca Renda by our colleagues in the United Nations System(UNDP Deputy Resident Representative) and (UNS).Rebeca Arias (UNDP Resident Representative). Thanks to the UNS Technical Committee on Our appreciation to the different academic the 2008/2009 NHDR: Wllmer Turcios (WFP);institutions that gave us their support; to the Re- Vanessa Baldassarre (FAO); Mara Elena Ordezsearch Institute of Economic Sciences - UNAH, (Inter-agency Program for Adolescents and Youth,for letting us access the data base and researchUNFPA, UNICEF and PAHO); Hernandodocuments on labor issues. Our gratitude as wellClavijo and Jozef Maerien (UNFPA), Jessicato Renan Rpalo from the Pedagogic University Janson (UNV) and Hctor Espinal (UNICEF)for the cultural Exchange and sharing ideas; to for a job well done.Miguel ngel Fnez, Rita Tamashiro and el Dr.To the colleagues Daniel Kostzer from theArmando Euceda from the National Autonomous UNDP Argentina, our gratitude for the advice onUniversity of Honduras for his useful input and calculating the combined indexes and to Paulinapertinent information.Franceschi from UNDP Panam for sharing the Thanks to GTZ, particularly Abraham Ramrez, inputs. Thank you to ILO Honduras, specificallyfor the rich discussions on the issue of employ-Fernando Garcia Granara and Gina Zablah thatment, productivity, competitiveness and rural supplied data from labor projects in Centraldevelopment. Thanks to the Chamber of Com-America; to Braulio Serna, Head of the ECLACmerce and Industry of Tegucigalpa, especially Mexico Agricultural Unit for his comments inCndido Amaya for providing information onthe concept stage on agricultural employment.the E-employment Exchange in addition to theWe also wish to thank Amye Gaye and AlisonHonduran Council of Private Enterprise, specifi-Kennedy from the Office of the UNDP Humancally Benjamin Bogrn.Development Report for counseling on calculating Our gratitude to the CADERH for supplyingthe human development indexesdata on projects for micro Enterprise formation, toThanks to Mirna Rodrguez and Jeremy MacFINCA Honduras Finance Institution representedGillivray from the IMO Honduras for providingby Jos Luis Flores, Operations Manager, for shar-information and ideas on the topic of migrationing on the concept and syllabus on employment,and to Jorge Ramos and Yuri Leiva form the UNS9 20. Honduras Coordination Unit; to Silvia Felipe andanonymously in the different stages of the report, Rosibel Gomez of UNIFEM and Wendy Aguilar offering us their perception, opinions and other from UNV, for their comments and valuable con-types of information that constituted an important tribution. We also thank Csar Castillo from theinput for the plural vision that the 2008/2009 WFP for his contribution and to all the colleaguesNHDR wanted to draw together. in all the UNDP Units in the Honduras Office.A special acknowledgement to the Swedish Our gratefulness to Flor Mara Matute (UN-International Development Cooperation Agency FPA), Mariko Kagoshima (UNICEF), Fabiola(SIDA), especially to the Swedish Ambassador, Aguilar (UNICEF), Jennie Gabrie (UNICEF), Ewa Werner Dahlin, Ann Stodberg, Mia Rimby Indira Fox (UNICEF), Karla Zepeda (PAHO/and Nilla Ingstorp. Thank you very much. WHO), Marcela Cerritos (UNICEF), MarcosTo the Spanish Agency for International Devel- Caras (UNFPA), Michela Polesana (UNAIDS),opment Cooperation (AECID, Spanish acronym), Orestes Cabrera (PAHO/WHO) for facilitating our gratitude and to the Ambassadors Agustn the information on violence, HIVAIDS and Nez and the Ambassador Ignacio Ruprez teen pregnancies in Honduras and Luisa PlataRubio and to Jos Dallo. (UNFPA) and Mildred Tejada (UNFPA) for their To the Secretariat of International Technical support in the process to prepare the audiovisual Cooperation (SETCO), out gratitude for their tools.support. Our special gratitude to the colleagues in the And finally, our deepest appreciation to Rebeca Prospective and Strategy Unit (UPE, Spanish ac- Arias, UNDP Honduras Resident Representative ronym), Alejandra Valeriano, Arleng Enamorado,and Luca Renda, Deputy Resident Representative Gina Zablah, Issa Kirkconnell, Lesly Estrada, Ma- for the constant and valuable support throughout ria Teresa Lambur, Vanessa Sansotta, Damaris Ze-the entire process of preparing the 2008/2009 laya, Allan Castro, Domenico Tenaglia, Gianluca NHDR. Giuman and Ivan Borja who collaborated in the different stages of preparing the Report, with a large number of contributions and without whomGlenda Gallardo the research and workshops for the various coun-NHDR Coordinator cils would not have been possible.United Nations Development To all the citizens who accepted to collaborate Program, Honduras0 21. IndexPreface ............................................................................................................................................13Acknowledgement ........................................................................................................................15Overview: From social exclusion to a youth citizenship ............................................................23I. A conceptual approach to the trinomial: social exclusion, youthcitizenship building, and human development ....................................................................23II. Main Findings of the Report ...................................................................................................26Notes ...............................................................................................................................................63Statistical Annex and Maps ..........................................................................................................65BOXES1 Victims or perpetrators ................................................................................................................462 We have to give priority to education in rural areas ......................................................................533 Secondary Education in the Rural Area: the Alternation Education Centers in Peru ........................544 High school for all .......................................................................................................................565 The Latin American University Volunteer Network for Social Inclusion (REDIVU) ............................596 Youth Advisors Program in the prevention of HIV/AIDS .................................................................607 Strategies for the prevention of violence ......................................................................................61TABLES1 Youth Population by education level according to the household income quintile. 2008 ...............272 Education indicators for youths between 12 and 30 years, from Indigenous and African background...............................................................................................................273 Economic Growth vs. Employment (2003-2008) ..........................................................................304 Employment problems among youth (15 to 30 years) and occupied adults, 2008 (%) ..................315 Characteristics of young and adult returnees in 2008 ...................................................................356 Trust of the Honduran youth in the social and political institutions ...............................................377 Youth citizenship participation and willingness to participate, by organization type and gender (%) ....................................................................................................................398 Women between 15 and 19 years, who are mothers or are pregnant for the first time during 2005-2006 ...............................................................................................................409 Perception among young Hondurans on the most important actions for them to prevent early pregnancies.........................................................................................................4210 AIDS and HIV by age groups ........................................................................................................4211 Opinion among young Hondurans on the actions to take into consideration to prevent infection of HIV/AIDS ...................................................................................................4512 Trends of the Human Development Index and its Indicators ..........................................................4713 Actions to successfully address the problems of youth..................................................................6214 How can the youth of Honduras contribute to the realization of a country fair and with opportunities for all? ...............................................................................................6215 What kind of country should Honduras be, so that you and your children see in it an ideal place to live? ............................................................................................................63 22. GRAPHS 1 Reasons that young Hondurans considered important in obtaining a quality education.(Percentage of youths that are studying or have studied at some point) ........................................29 2 Average age of youths first employment (Percentage of youths currentlyworking and who are not currently working but were employed in the past) ................................33 3 Reasons why employed youths believe they obtained their job(percentage of employed youths) .................................................................................................33 4 The most important reason a young Honduran would leave the country(Youths 12 to 30 years) ................................................................................................................34 5 Economic activities that young returnees performed in the United States, 2008 ...........................34 6 Monthly income distributions of young returnees by economic activity, 2008 ...............................36 7 Young Hondurans opinion regarding young returnees(percentage of all youths between 12 and 30 years) .....................................................................37 8 Perception of the Honduran youth regarding the countrys existing corruption level .....................38 9 Reasons why young Hondurans are not interested in politics ........................................................40 10 Level of citizenship participation of young Hondurans through volunteer activities .......................41 11 Reasons why youths would be interested in participating in municipal politics,by indigenous and afro Honduran origin ......................................................................................41 12 Perception among young Hondurans on the most important consequence of anearly pregnancy in young women and/or young men....................................................................43 13 Responsible for the violence and for its increase in Honduras, according to young Hondurans ......45 14 Opinion of young hondurans on what actions to take to prevent violence ....................................47 15 HDI classification and its distribution by dimension selected countries, 2006 ................................48 16 Trends of the GEIs (2002-2007) ...................................................................................................49 17 Elements identified by youths as important to start or to continue operatingtheir own business .......................................................................................................................55 MAPS 1 Human Poverty in Honduras, 2006 ...............................................................................................50 23. OVERVIEWFrom social exclusionto a youth citizenshipI. A conceptual approach to theof capabilities and opportunities in the economic,trinomial: social exclusion, youth social and political life of the country that Hon- duran youths are facing and that keeps them fromcitizenship building, and human accessing a full citizenship. In this context, socialdevelopmentexclusion implies the denial of economic, social and political rights, civic and ethical responsibili- This report intends to place the issue of youth ties and the sense of belonging, which are innatein a prominent position on the public agenda, to the condition of citizenship.and does not only intend to be a mere assessmentof the knowledge of youth, of their problems,The spheres of social exclusion stressed in thistheir dreams and aspirations. It also offers a set report are: i) education; ii) employment; iii) citizenof guidelines for policies, programs and projectsparticipation, and, iv) youth in social risk due toto promote social inclusion, citizenship buildingan environment of social marginalization andand human development. Moreover, it aspires to stigma and the lack of access to education andbecome a basic instrument for designing public quality employment, in addition to a deficientpolicies and executing socially agreed actions thatcitizen participation. The international migrationcontribute to strengthening the capabilities, op-of young Hondurans, one of the priority issues onportunities and rights of the Honduran youth.the national agenda, is dealt with from the perspec- tive of the lack of employment opportunities andThere is an explicit continuity between theof insertion into the world of employment.2008/2009 NHDR and the 2006 NHDR which Education is a fundamental tool to break thewas dedicated to citizenship and the conditionsvicious circle of social exclusion and to encour-for its expansion. The latter used the whole ofage the achievement of higher levels of humanHonduran society as the unit of analysis while the development. Employment is core to overcom-first one focuses on the Honduran youth. Several ing the social exclusion and promoting the socialof the issues intertwine since they are dimensions inclusion of youth. Employment is not only aof the same problematic. And this happens notprivileged source of income; it is also the sourceonly under the objective conditions of citizenship of social recognition; it is a door to enter into thebuilding or expansion but also in the subjective condition of citizenship and obtain a project ofaspects that emerge from the perceptions of theautonomous life, as well as a necessary tool to buildsocial subjects. The 2008/2009 NHDR is alsothe family and a social respectability. The lack ofon the same debatable line as the Project for thedecent employment and existing employment pre-Development of Democracy in Latin America, cariousness, the pursuit of better life opportunitiesPRODDAL, (UNDP, 2004) geared toward build- and the possibility of sending remittances to theing a democracy of men and women citizens. family are the key factors in understanding theThe 2008/2009 NHDR has adopted the focus magnetism of international migration for youngof social exclusion, youth citizenship and human de- men and women.velopment as the theoretic perspective to endeavor In the new context of crisis in the traditionalin the analysis and interpretation of the currentsocialization models and in the individualizationsituation and the perspectives of Honduran youth.process, the border lines that neatly separate theSocial exclusion is understood as the deprivationpolitical from the social are diluted into a newOVERVIEW 24. situation in which traditional political institutions Social inclusion through citizenship building isare no longer the points of reference for establish-fully congruent and in sync with the aspirationsing the meaning of youth actions. This report has of the human development paradigm. Human de-chosen to make use of the citizen participation velopment promotes the formation of capabilitiesconcept from the double perspective of: i) theand opportunities so that people can decide for thevoluntary and conscientious engagement of young life style that they have reason to value. HumanHondurans in organizations of any nature to takedevelopment calls for the elimination of all sourcespart in affairs of public interest, and, ii) the action of deprivation that constrain the participation ofpromoted from within the State to involve the individuals in the social, political and economiccitizens in the decision making on issues that arelife of the community. Some of these sources,of collective interest. among others, are poverty, unemployment, short-The social risk approaches have leaned toward age of economic opportunities, systematic socialprivileging the individual and family sphere, fre-deprivations, and the negligent state of publicquently ignoring the communitarian and societal services, intolerance and the excessive interventionlevels. The link between the notions of risk andof repressive States. These sources of deprivationsocial exclusion widens the scope for conceptual- of freedom leave the individual with few optionsizing the social risks for young Hondurans, point-and opportunities to exercise agency, that is, theiring the attention on obstacles that inhibit their capacity to act and promote their wellbeing andeffective participation in the economic, social,that of their community in terms of what theypolitical and cultural life of society. This linkagevalue or have reason to value. Persons with theallows mainstreaming the dynamics of the inter- capacity to practice their self-care are involved inrelation between the individual and society since actions that are congruent with these values.it is vital for having a broader perspective of the The Honduran youth embody the present andphenomena of youth in social risk.future of the country and, given their potential forThere are a large number of young Hondurans change, they are called upon to become strategicthat can be considered in social risk and in a stateactors of development. Within the knowledgeof severe exclusion, yet this Report will focus onsociety which is in process of being socially built,youth that has experienced early pregnancy, are and in the framework of the challenges of a glo-infected by HIV and AIDS, and those who act asbalized world, young Hondurans should be therecipients and generators of social violence. The torchbearers of the change and modernizationsocial exclusion to which these young Hondurans of Honduras. The youth of our time is betterare subjected inhibits the development of capa- prepared than the adult generation to assume thebilities for social inclusion, citizenship building,changes the country must make to achieve sub-human development and exercise agency.stantial progress in human development withinThe road that leads from social exclusion to thean information society and the successful inser-social inclusion of young Hondurans has to crosstion into globalization. At this moment in time,through citizenship building. Social inclusion is investing in youth is one of the great challengesunderstood as the process through which indi- that the Honduran society is facing.viduals, social groups or collectives are includedThe concept of youths has been the object ofin the society in which they live, ranging from great controversy, making it necessary to explorethe integration into the goods and services of an the conceptual debate on youth and its connec-honorable life, as well as from the logic of integra- tions with the concepts of social exclusion, socialtion into the responsibilities of citizenship and the inclusion, citizenship, human development andright to a social identity. agency capacity. There are several approaches toIn order to keep the social inclusion of youngthe concept of youths: youth as part of the vitalHondurans from being passive, it must be car- cycle, youth as a matter of age, and youth as aried out via building a notion of citizenship thatsocial and cultural construction.incorporates a modern vision of citizenship as a setFor the purpose of the NHDR 2008/2009,of civic rights and responsibilities. Building youngthe approach to the concept of youth stresses thepeoples citizenship is a process, through whichperspective of a social and cultural construction.youth develop certain citizenship competencies or This approach highlights the heterogeneity andcapabilities, develops its identity, builds its publicdiversity of young peoples cultural experiencesinterest, creates its public sphere, and strengthensand, in this regard, it has been pointed out thatthe practice of participation.young people from higher income families, from HONDURAS HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2008/2009 25. low income neighborhoods, from the rural area, happened in the political world. It is argued thatand of ethnic groups and young women do notwe are living in an era in which the social orderlive their youth equally. Therefore, some authorsof the national State, the class, the ethnicity andprefer to speak of a variety of youth experiencesthe traditional family are in decline. The ethicsin order to gather this diversity of young peoplesof personal fulfillment is the most powerful cur-social and cultural experiences. rent of modern society. The human being thatThis perspective propounds the understanding chooses, that decides and shapes, that aspires toof youth through notions such as social mora-be the author of his own life and the creator of antorium, vital moratorium and the generationalindividual identity has become the protagonist ofissue. our time. He or she is the fundamental cause ofIn this context, social moratorium means a the changes that take place in the family and of thestage of life dedicated to building and preparingglobal gender revolution in relation to work andfor the adult life that is accessed in a differentialpolitics (Beck Gernsheim, 2003, p.70).manner according to the social origin of the fami- The concept of individualization offers impor-lies of young people.tant clues for understanding and interpreting theFrom the logic of the vital moratorium, youthnew socio-cultural scenarios in which the youthis thought of as a stage in life in which there is unfold within the highly industrialized countries,an excess of vital energy that creates a sense ofbut also in countries similar to ours, characterizedinvulnerability that is characteristic of young menby massive poverty and social inequality. We areand women. witnessing in many countries crisis of models inThe generational concept refers to the stage areas like schools, the workplace and the tradi-in which each person socializes. Each generation tional forms of citizen participation which areincorporates into its cultural capital, new codes, the fundamental cores of the social exclusionskills, languages and ways of perceiving, appre- process experienced by youth. In the respectiveciating, distinguishing and classifying the worldsurrounding, many of these processes are