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Presentation to Moscow Urban Forum | 8th December 2011
We shape a better world | www.arup.com
Transport in a Metropolis
Issues and Solutions
Infrastructure & Technologies(Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
Presentation Content
• Introduction
• Survey of travel behavior in Russian cities
• Benchmarking Internationally – C40 cities
• Where do we go from here?
• Summary and conclusions
Infrastructure & Technologies(Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
Travel behaviour in Russian Cities
Infrastructure & Technologies(Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
Travel behaviour in Russian Cities
• Research Study by Arup into
travel demand and patterns in
Moscow, Saint Petersburg and
Krasnodar
• Objective was to understand
peoples perception of current
transport provision, reasons for
personal travel behavior and
barriers to change
• Transport Research (2010)
based on:
‒ passenger interviews
‒ user preference surveys
Infrastructure & Technologies(Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
Travel behaviour in Russian Cities
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Germany UK USA Czech Republic
Russia Brazil Turkey China India
• Moscow and Russia figures well below EU and US
• Significant scope for large increases in car ownership
• This needs to be planned for and tackled now
Car Ownership (cars per 1,000 population)
Infrastructure & Technologies(Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
Survey Findings - Moscow Commuter Travel
• Large share of commuting by public transport;
• Relatively low car use, 18 – 20%;
• Low share of walking trips (less than 10%)
• No cycling.
0,0%
5,0%
10,0%
15,0%
20,0%
25,0%
30,0%
35,0%
40,0%
Private Car Metro / Trains Surface PT Walking
Infrastructure & Technologies(Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
• Car ownership is lower than in most European conurbations
• Commuter daily car use is also lower (about 21%) - congestion is
however comparable or worse than in many of those conurbations
Survey Findings - Comparison of mode choice
-10%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Krasnodar Moscow Saint Petersburg
Warsaw Barcelona Amsterdam Copenhagen
Others
Cycle
Walk
PT
Car
Infrastructure & Technologies(Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
25,4%
5,2%
35,8%33,7%
0,0%
5,0%
10,0%
15,0%
20,0%
25,0%
30,0%
35,0%
40,0%
Work / Home
Location
Price Comfort Time
Reasons to use private car?
Survey Findings – Private car use
Infrastructure & Technologies(Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
49% workers predominantly park their car on-street, free of charge – this generates additional traffic
and congestion during peak periods;
paid car parking is rare (11%) – Wide availability of free car parking is likely to favour use of the
private car over alternative modes. (Scope to increase? Instrument for raising funds?)
almost no Park and Ride (4%) – potential associated with the Metro / rapid trams / buses.
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Parking at work Free On-street Paid On-street Paid Off-street P&R
Where do you park your car (commuters)?
Survey Findings – Car parking
Infrastructure & Technologies(Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
Significant number of commuters are willing to use alternative modes (67.2%);
A large number of shoppers driving a car are willing to use public transport (59.3%).
67,2%
32,8%
59,3%
40,7%
commuting shopping
Survey Findings – Car users willingness to use Public Transport
Infrastructure & Technologies(Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
Survey Findings – Public transport users perspective
73%
15%
12%
Moscow
Very Bad
Not good
Acceptable
Overall negative perception of
the transport services;
Most respondents (88.2%)
consider current transport
provision as either ‘not good’ or
‘very bad’;
When the question is posed to
car owners only, the perception
of the transport services gets
worse again in Moscow, with
79.4% of car owners
considering PT service as being
‘very bad’ (vs. 73.1% of all
respondents).
Infrastructure & Technologies(Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
Survey Findings – What do people think is the solution?
0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
3,0
Infrastructure & Technologies(Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
Benchmarking Internationally – C40 Cities
• Arup co-authored a report
on an analysis of actions
underway in the worlds
megacities to address
climate change
• Surveys of member cities
between March and April
2011
• A key component of this
analysis was an assessment
of the transport sector in
each city and efforts to
drive sustainable transport
planning
Infrastructure & Technologies(Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
Benchmarking Internationally – C40 Cities
• Key finding of the survey is that C40 City Authorities (Mayor)
typically have the authority to tackle climate change, with transport
a key lever in delivering on objectives.
• Review of what other cities are doing in transport planning,
considered under;
– Personal Transport Modes
– Passenger Transit within the City
– Passenger and Freight transport to and from the city
Infrastructure & Technologies(Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
Where do we go from here?
Infrastructure & Technologies(Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
Where do we go from here?
• Key drivers for transport planning in Russian Cities include;
– Increasing consolidation of population into cities
– A need for integrated land-use and transport planning (contain ‘urban
spread’)
– Potential for significant car ownership growth
– Urgent need to tackle existing congestion in cities
– Climate change
Infrastructure & Technologies(Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
Where do we go from here? – Assess needs and plan
• City Authorities must plan and have the authority and resources to deliver integrated land use and transport planning
– Requires skilled teams of planners and transport engineers within the City Authorities (e.g. DfTDTI Moscow)
– Understand the issues and needs
– Develop the appropriate planning tools (e.g. transport modelling as a tool, not a solution)
– Establish clear development and transport planning policies, objectives and guidelines for city (including ‘Transport Impact Assessment’)
Infrastructure & Technologies(Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
• If you plan for cars, the result will be more cars. However, if you plan for people, the result will be more people!
• In Moscow (as in many other cities), a minority (20 – 25%) of daily commuters creates major impacts for the majority of the population, also taking the majority of the public space;
• Busy wide traffic corridors and lack of pedestrian facilities create severance, making it less attractive to walk or use public transport;
A city for people, not cars
Infrastructure & Technologies(Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
Where do we go from here? – Demand Management
Sustainable cities need brave leaders
Infrastructure & Technologies(Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
Where do we go from here? – Expansion of PT Networks
Transport network integration mixture of;
• Carefully planned expansion of mass transit
networks
• Better use of surface transport modes (Bus,
LRT)
• Development of Public Transport Interchanges
• Use of ‘Park and Ride’
Infrastructure & Technologies(Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
Where do we go from here? – the humble bus
• Bus networks will continue to have a significant role in city transport
solutions and future planning
• Strong drive to make the bus attractive again as a travel mode
– Bus Rapid Transit
– Reallocation of road space for priority
Infrastructure & Technologies(Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
Make our streets attractive for walking and cycling
• Moscow has a low share of walking only trips to work (less than 10%) vs. Cities with comparable climate
(Warsaw 21%, Copenhagen 19%). Only 10- 15% of daily shopping trips are on foot;
• climatic conditions do have an influence in transport choice, but it is not a major consideration for more
than 40% commuters;
Infrastructure & Technologies(Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
Where do we go from here? – The return of the bike!
The Copenhagenize Index -
Bicycle-Friendly Cities 2011
Infrastructure & Technologies(Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
Where do we go from here? – Traffic Network
Management and Intelligent Transport Systems
Infrastructure & Technologies(Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
Integration of land-use and transport planning Optimisation of existing street and transport networks Public Transport Network Integration Restrict car travel and parking in city centres Policies and measures to support walking and cycling Freight management within city centres
Summary and Conclusions
Presentation to Moscow Urban Forum | 8th December 2011
We shape a better world | www.arup.com
Thank You
For further information on the
C40 Cities Research visitwww.c40cities.org/
For further information on the research
project, contact Arup at;36 Krasnoproletarskaya Street Ул. Краснопролетарская, д. 36
4-th Floor 4-ый этаж
Moscow 127473 Москва, 127473
Russia Россия
T+7 495 933 7557
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