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Carnival Cruise Lines is one of the largest and most successful cruise line companies in

the world. The history of Carnival Cruise Lines started in 1972. The Chairman and Chief

Executive Officer, Ted Arison, purchased an ocean liner for $6.5 million. The ocean liner was

named Mardi Gras and included in the deal was another ship called the Carnivale. In the

beginning, Carnival experienced a deficit due to fuel and ship concerns. With the design of on-

board activities, entertainment, an enhanced marketing approach, and travel packages, Carnival

began seeing successes and revenue. Carnivals' prices were competitive with other travel

packages, which was a major factor in the success. Slowly, Carnival began buying out the

competition and adding more cruise ships to the company. Carnival Cruises became an industry

leader with the finalization with Princess Cruises, which allowed Carnival to become a global

cruise line.

The mission statement of Carnival Cruise is defined as deliver exceptional vacation

experiences through the world's best-known cruise brands that cater to a variety of different

lifestyle and budgets, all at an outstanding value unrivaled on land or at sea. The Carnival Cruise

product is to deliver exceptional cruise based vacation experiences. The target groups include

low, medium, and high income groups. In addition, Carnival Cruise targets vacation travelers

and various lifestyle groups.

The current performance objectives of Carnival Cruise are in reach of the company goals.

Carnival wants to expand and focus on the European and Asian markets to further increase

profits. Carnival seems positioned to differentiate themselves with destinations, shipboard

activities, and ship size. Carnival is currently expanding into both markets. The European market

is already very successful. In 2013, the Asian market was launched allowing the market to

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continue growing. With past and current success, Carnival is poised to dominate the Asian and

European markets in the very near future.

The historical corporate strategies include growth, diversification, stability and

retrenchment. The growth concentration includes vertical and horizontal integration. The vertical

integration includes internal and external examples. In the past six years, Carnival Cruise has

made internal precedent changes. In 2007, Carnival expanded the cruises with additional water

parks, adult-only areas and resort styled pools. In 2012, Carnival now has 90,000 employees.

The company has increasingly added employees to further assist customers, clients and

consumers. In 2013, Carnival further developed internal changes with safety training and

management training. The training was implemented after the Carnival Concordia ship tragedy

in Italy.

The horizontal integration is composed of external acquisitions. In 1988, Carnival Cruise

acquired Holland American Line. The deal included two Holland America subsidiaries, which

were Windstar Sail Cruises and Holland America Westours. This acquisition allowed Carnival to

develop an aggressive building campaign. In 1992, Carnival also acquired 50% of the Seabourn

cruise line. The Seabourn acquisition allowed for additional cruise operations in South America,

the Mediterranean, Southeast Asia, and the Baltic. In 1997, Carnival merged with Celebrity. The

merger resulted in 17 ships and 30,000 berths. These external acquisitions developed Carnival

Cruise into a global cruise line brand.

Carnival's diversification includes concentric and conglomerate aspects. The internal

concentric is very diversified. Carnival Cruise Lines owns luxury cruise ships and has developed

many other travel necessities for their customers. Carnival's transportation aspects include hotels,

motor homes, and rail cars. Currently, Carnival owns 12 hotels, 300 motor coaches, and 20

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domed rail cars. Many of these travel additions are used in the northern United States to assist

with traveling needs. The addition hotels, motor coaches, and rail cars, have allowed Carnival to

further the develop the travel industry.

Carnival's conglomerate diversification is described as internal risk. Carnival experienced

risk with the purchase of Riviera Towers. The hotel consisted of 692 rooms. In 1991, Carnival

reached a settlement to surrender the hotel project and settle their debt with the Bahamian

government. In the late 1980's, Carnival invested into the Airline industry to transport their

guests. In 1997, Pan Am Corp purchased Carnival Air Line as most of their revenue came from

the Carnival Cruise Corporation. By terminating these travel industry companies, Carnival

reduced their debt, which allowed for a greater focus on dominating the global cruise line

industry.

Carnival is very stable in the cruise based industry. The company is very profitable and

powerful. There are many examples of Carnival Cruises ambition for profit stability. In 1988,

Carnival acquired Holland American Line. In 1992, Carnival gained 50% of the Seabourn Cruise

Lines. In 1997, Carnival Corporation purchased Costa Cruises. Carnival Cruises continued more

acquisitions and mergers to become a global cruise line. Despite being a very successful

company, Carnival did experience retrenchment. Carnival had disinvest in the airline industry. In

1997, Carnival Corporation finalized an agreement with Pan Am Corp for their airline. The

airline did not produce high profits, which allowed for a divestment and acquisition of the

airline.

Since the inception of Carnival Cruise, the company developed historical competitive

strategies for each strategic business unit within the corporation. For cost leadership, Carnival

Cruise uses a broad market. In the 1970's, Carnival Cruise had competitive packages with other

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travel packages. Carnival targets their marketing to all income levels. When it comes to

differentiation, Carnival is a broad market. In 1972, the company attracted customers with

planned activities, a casino, discos, and other forms of entertainment. Carnival used a lot

marketing to differentiate themselves from the competition, but the market is now narrow to be

different as many cruise lines are following their ideas. In the early 1990's, Carnival Cruise

differentiated themselves by purchasing a hotel in the Bahamas. In addition, Carnival developed

an airline to improve and promote their travel packages.

Carnival's historical functional strategies have varied over the years. The nature of the

market is based on consumer involvement. The geographic coverage of Carnival covers

international presence. Carnival Cruise ships sail to the United States, Australia, Pacific Islands,

Caribbean Islands, Europe, Russia, Scandinavia, South America, and Italy. In addition, Carnival

Cruise has 22 departure ports around the world. The majority of the ports are in the United

States. The Carnival Cruise ports include Baltimore, Boston, Charleston, Fort Lauderdale,

Jacksonville, Miami, New York, Norfolk Virginia, Port Canaveral, Tampa, Galveston, New

Orleans, Seattle, Vancouver, Venice, Barcelona, Barbados, Sydney, Pacific Islands, St.

Petersburg in Russia, San Juan in Puerto Rico and Los Angeles. Carnival Cruise ships are built

with the consumer in mind. The breadth of product lines is full while the degree of customization

includes standard modifications. Many of the cruise ships are very similar, but a few of the ships

offer different amenities.

The distribution of Carnival Cruise is similar to many other cruise ship companies.

Carnival Cruise offers competitive pricing levels for cruise vacations. The company uses a

multiple number of distribution channels. The nature of multiple distribution channels is

complimentary. The distribution channels are focused on direct selling. The channels are

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developed to consumers with the use of the website, telephone, and agents. Carnival Cruise

utilizes direct selling to the end-users and direct selling to agents. The degree of selectivity of

channels is low to medium. The company does not use selection or intensive distribution.

Carnival Cruise is heavily involved in advertising. The company uses print, media, and

entertainment as key advertisement platforms. The print advertising includes magazines,

newspapers, and billboards. The company utilizes entertainment media which includes television

sports, movies, radio spots, and social media platforms. For social media platforms, Carnival

Cruise utilizes Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and YouTube. For the cruise vacation based

market, Carnival also utilizes promotion. The promotional emphasis includes push and pull

strategies. A push promotion strategy is used when the company uses many aspects to promote

their packages to travel agencies and suppliers. Push promotion strategies are used on the

website with lowest guaranteed price. Pull promotion strategies include word-of-mouth,

advertising promotions, sales promotions, and social media.

The source of funds includes the short-term liabilities, long-term liabilities, retained

earnings, and net stocks. Short-term liabilities are a company's debts or obligations that are due

within one year. Current liabilities appear on the company's balance sheet and include short term

debt, accounts payable, accrued liabilities and other debts. Long-term liabilities are a company's

debt which is over one year. Long-term liabilities include items like debentures, loans, deferred

tax liabilities and pension obligations. Retained earnings are the percentage of net earnings not

paid out as dividends, but retained by the company. Retained earnings are used to reinvest in the

business or to pay debt. Net stocks are characterized as total equity subtracted by retained

earnings.

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Appendix 1 represents a table of short-term liabilities, long-term liabilities, retained

earnings and net stocks for Carnival Cruise from 2008 to 2012. The short-term liabilities for

Carnival Cruise were 17.3% in 2008, 13.5% in 2009, 15.4% in 2010, 15.8% in 2011, and 18.7%

in 2012. The long-term liabilities were 23.2% in 2008, 24.7% in 2009, 21.4% in 2010, 20.8% in

2011, and 18.3% in 2012. The retained earnings were 41.9% in 2008, 42.8% in 2009, 45.9% in

2010, 47.5% in 2011, and 47.2% in 2012. The net stocks were 57.2% in 2008, 59.8% in 2009,

61.4% in 2010, 61.7% in 2011, and 61.1% in 2012.

Appendix 2 represents a table of short-term liabilities, long-term liabilities, retained

earnings and net stocks for Royal Caribbean Cruises from 2008 to 2012. The short-term

liabilities for Carnival Cruise were 16.2% in 2008, 15.1% in 2009, 17.5% in 2010, 15.5% in

2011, and 20.5% in 2012. The long-term liabilities were 39.7% in 2008, 42.0% in 2009, 40.4%

in 2010, 39.7% in 2011, and 35.1% in 2012. The retained earnings were 27.9% in 2008, 26.1%

in 2009, 26.9% in 2010, 29.4% in 2011, and 29.0% in 2012. The net stocks were 41.3% in 2008,

41.1% in 2009, 40.3% in 2010, 42.5% in 2011, and 41.9% in 2012.

Appendix 3 represents a table of short-term liabilities, long-term liabilities, retained

earnings and net stocks for Norwegian Cruises from 2008 to 2012. The short-term liabilities for

Carnival Cruise were 18.7% in 2008, 10.3% in 2009, 11.7% in 2010, 14.7% in 2011, and 15.9%

in 2012. The long-term liabilities were 49.0% in 2008, 53.1% in 2009, 56.2% in 2010, 51.0% in

2011, and 46.5% in 2012. The retained earnings were 0% in 2008, 0% in 2009, 0% in 2010, 0%

in 2011, and 0% in 2012. The net stocks were 17.0% in 2008, 22.4% in 2009, 20.3% in 2010,

24.8% in 2011, and 29.0% in 2012.

Appendix 4 represents the dividend payment for Royal Caribbean, Carnival Cruise and

Norwegian Cruises from 2008 to 2012. The dividend payment is high for Carnival Cruise. The

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dividend payments for Carnival Cruise were 1.60 in 2008, 0 in 2009, 0.40 in 2010, 1.00 in 2011,

and 1.00 in 2012. The dividend payment for Royal Caribbean were 0.45 in 2008, 0 in 2009, 0 in

2010, 0.20 in 2011, and 0.44 in 2012. The dividend payment for Norwegian Cruises were zero

for 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, and 2012.

Appendix 5 represents the inventory turnover levels for Royal Caribbean, Carnival Cruise

and Norwegian Cruises for 2008 to 2012. Carnival Cruise has grown due to internal and external

acquisitions. Carnival has medium/low inventory levels compared to the competition. The

inventory levels for Carnival Cruise are 28.70% in 2008, 25.30% in 2009, 28.40% in 2010,

27.50% in 2011, and 26.5% in 2012. The inventory levels for Royal Caribbean were 45.80% in

2008, 37.70% in 2009, 35.20% in 2010, 34.20% in 2011, and 35.30% in 2012. The inventory

levels for Norwegian Cruises were 53.50% in 2008, 44.70% in 2009, 41.10% in 2010, 40.50% in

2011, and 37.30% in 2012.

Carnival's biggest competitors are Royal Caribbean Cruises and Norwegian Cruise Lines.

The stock ticker for Carnival is CCL, the stock ticker for Norwegian is NCLH and the stock

ticket for Royal Caribbean is RCL. Stock performance is the measurement of a stock's ability to

increase or decrease the wealth of its shareholders. Performance is typically measured by its

fluctuation in price. When the stock price increases, the stock shows good performance.

Conversely, a decrease in price is a poor performance. Appendix 6 shows the stock prices for

CCL over the last 5 years. The stock market was in a recession and has slowly progressed

further. Carnival’s stock is comparable to S&P and the leisure industry mainly because Carnival

controls about half of the cruise industry market.

Appendix 6 shows the stock price of Carnival Cruise, Royal Caribbean Cruises and

Norwegian Cruises compared to the S & P 500. The market share is the percentage of an industry

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or market's total sales that is earned by a particular company over a specified time period. Market

share is calculated by taking the company's sales over the period and dividing it by the total sales

of the industry over the same period. This metric is used to give a general idea of the size of a

company to its market and its competitors. The sales of Carnival in 2008 were $14.6 billion

divided by the sales of the cruise industry which was $27 billion, leaving a market share of 54%.

The sales for Royal Caribbean were $6.5 billion leaving the market share at 24%. The sales for

Norwegian were $2.1 billion leaving the market share at 7.7%. The graph is shown in Appendix

7.

The sales of Carnival in 2009 were $13.4 billion divided by the sales of the cruise

industry which was $26.9 billion, leaving a market share of 49.8%. The sales for Royal

Caribbean were $5.8 billion leaving the market share at 21.5%. The sales for Norwegian were

$1.8 billion leaving the market share at 6.69%. The graph is shown in Appendix 8.

The sales of Carnival in 2010 were $14.4 billion divided by the sales of the cruise

industry which were $26.8 billion, leaving a market share of 53.9%. The sales for Royal

Caribbean were $6.7 billion leaving the market share at 25%. The sales for Norwegian were $2

billion leaving the market share at 8.2%. The graph is shown in Appendix 9.

The sales of Carnival in 2011 were $15.7 billion divided by the sales of the cruise

industry which were $29.4 billion, leaving a market share of 53.7%. The sales for Royal

Caribbean were $7.5 billion leaving the market share at 25.6%. The sales for Norwegian were

$2.2 billion leaving the market share at 7.5%. The graph is shown in Appendix 10.

The sales of Carnival in 2012 were $15.3 billion divided by the sales of the cruise

industry which were $36.2 billion, leaving a market share of 42.4%. The sales for Royal

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Caribbean were $7.6 billion leaving the market share at 21.2%. The sales for Norwegian were

$2.2 billion leaving the market share at 6.2%. The graph is shown in Appendix 11.

Net income is a company's total earnings. Net income is calculated by taking revenues

and adjusting for the cost of doing business, depreciation, interest, taxes and other expenses. This

number is important measure of how profitable the company is over a period of time. In 2008,

the net income for Norwegian was a deficit of $211 million; this was due to the cancellation of a

contract to build a new cruise liner. Royal Caribbean had a profit of $573 million and Carnival

had a profit of $2.3 billion. In 2009, Norwegian had a profit of $67 million. Royal Caribbean had

a profit of $162 million. Carnival had a profit of $1.79 billion. From 2008 to 2009, Carnival’s net

income decreased. In 2010, Norwegian had a profit of $23 million and Royal Caribbean had a

profit of $515 million. Carnival had a profit of $1.9 billion. From 2010 to 2011, Carnival had a

small decrease in profit. In 2011, Norwegian had a profit of $126 million and Royal Caribbean

had a profit of $607 million. Carnival had a profit of $1.9 billion, which was a small increase

from 2010. In 2012, Norwegian had a profit of $168 million while Royal Caribbean had a profit

of $18 million. Carnival had a profit of $1.2 billion which decreased from 2011. Appendix 12

represents the net income for Norwegian, Royal Caribbean and Carnival from 2008-2012.

Net sales is the amount of sales generated by a company after the deduction of returns,

allowances for damaged or missing goods and any discounts allowed. Over the last 5 years,

Carnival has had a stable net sales ranging over the $3-4 billion range. Norwegian and Royal

Caribbean have had increases and decreases over the last 5 years, which can be worrisome.

Appendix 13 represents the net sales for Carnival Cruises, Royal Caribbean Cruises and

Norwegian Cruise lines from 2008-2012.

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Carnival Cruise currently has over 90,000 employees to date. Every year Carnival has

been increasing the number of employees. During spring and summer months, the amounts of

employees double due to the fact that it is prime cruise season. Norwegian Cruise Line has

fluctuated the number of employees in its company over the last 5 years while Royal Caribbean

Cruise Line has increased their employees every year for the last five years. Appendix 14

represents the number of employees for Carnival Cruises, Royal Caribbean Cruises and

Norwegian Cruise Lines from 2008-2012.

Carnival Corporation currently operates 102 cruise ships. Carnival Corporation owns 8

brands. The 8 brands include Carnival Cruise Line, P & O Cruises, Holland America, Seabourn

Cruise Line, Costa Cruises, AIDA cruises and Ibero cruises. Carnival Cruise Line brand

currently operates 22 ships. There are 7 different classes which include Dream, Fantasy, Destiny,

Triumph, Conquest, Splendor and Spirit. Carnival uses names for ships that represent luxury and

imagination. The P&O brand has 7 ships. Holland America Line brand currently operates 15

ships. Princess Cruises Line brand currently operates 18 ships. Seabourn Cruises brand operates

6 ships. Costa Cruises brand operates 14 ships. AIDA Cruises brand operates 10 ships. Ibero

Cruises brand operates 3 ships. Norwegian Cruise currently operates 12 ships. Another

competitor, Royal Caribbean Cruises, currently operates 21 ships.

Profitability ratios consists of three ratios. The three rations include gross profit margin,

operating profit margin and net profit margin. The class of financial metrics are used to assess a

business's ability to generate earnings as compared to its expenses during a specific period of

time. The gross profit margin formula consists of revenue subtracted by cost of goods sold and

then divided by revenue. The operating profit margin formula consists of the operating income

divided by net sales. The net profit margin formula consists of the net income divided by sales.

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In 2008, Carnival earned $14.6 billion in revenue from producing cruise vacations and

incurred $9 billion in COGS-related expense. Carnival’s gross profit margin would be 38%. This

means that for every dollar that Carnival earns, it really has only $0.38 at the end of the day.

Royal Caribbean had a 32.5% gross profit margin and Norwegian Cruise Line had a 25% gross

profit margin. These numbers are represented in Appendix 15.

In 2009, Carnival earned $13.4 billion in revenue from producing cruise vacations and

incurred $8.4 million in COGS-related expense. Carnival’s gross profit margin would be 37%.

This means that for every dollar that Carnival earns, it really has only $0.37 at the end of the

day. Royal Caribbean had a 30.8% gross profit margin and Norwegian Cruise Line had a 30%

gross profit margin. These numbers are represented in Appendix 16.

In 2010, Carnival earned $14.4 billion in revenue from producing cruise vacations and

incurred $9 million in COGS-related expense. Carnival’s gross profit margin would be 37%.

This means that for every dollar that Carnival earns, it really has only $0.37 at the end of the

day. Royal Caribbean had a 33.9% gross profit margin and Norwegian Cruise Line had a 33%

gross profit margin. These numbers are represented in Appendix 17.

In 2011, Carnival earned $15.7 billion in revenue from producing cruise vacations and

incurred $10.2 million in COGS-related expense. Carnival’s gross profit margin would be 34%.

This means that for every dollar that Carnival earns, it really has only $0.34 at the end of the

day. Royal Caribbean had a 34.4% gross profit margin and Norwegian Cruise Line had a 33.8%

gross profit margin. These numbers are represented in Appendix 18.

In 2012, Carnival earned $15.3 billion in revenue from producing cruise vacations and

incurred $10.3 billion in COGS-related expense. Carnival’s gross profit margin would be 37%.

This means that for every dollar that Carnival earns, it really has only $0.37 at the end of the

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day. Royal Caribbean had a 32.9% gross profit margin and Norwegian Cruise Line had a 35%

gross profit margin. Over the last 5 years, Carnival has maintained a stable gross profit margin.

These numbers are represented in Appendix 19.

Operating profit margin is a measurement of what proportion of a company's revenue is left

over after paying for variable costs of production such as wages and raw materials. A healthy

operating margin is required for a company to be able to pay for its fixed costs. The higher the

operating profit margin is the better. In 2008, Carnival had an operating profit margin of 19.6%,

this means that it made $0.19 (before interest and taxes) for every dollar of sales. In 2009,

Carnival had an operating profit margin of 21.5%, this means that it made $0.21 (before interest

and taxes) for every dollar of sales. In 2010, Carnival had an operating profit margin of 16.2%,

this means that it made $0.16 (before interest and taxes) for every dollar of sales. In 2011,

Carnival had an operating profit margin of 14.2%, this means that it made $0.14 (before interest

and taxes) for every dollar of sales. In 2012, Carnival had an operating profit margin of 10.6%,

this means that it made $0.10 (before interest and taxes) for every dollar of sales. Over the last 5

years, Carnival’s operating profit margin has fluctuated but overall Carnival has maintained a

good operating profit margin. Appendix 20, 21, 22, 23. and 24. represent the operating profit

margins for Carnival, Norwegian and Royal Caribbean from 2008 to 2012.

In 2008, Carnival had a net income of $2.3 billion from sales of $14.6 billion, giving it a

net profit margin of 15.9%. As you can see Norwegian was down 10% (this was due to a ship

cancellation contract) and Royal Caribbean had 8.7% net profit margin. Norwegian was

increased to 3.6% and Royal Caribbean decreased to 2.7% net profit margin. In 2009, Carnival

had a net income of $1.7 billion from sales of $13.4 billion, giving it a net profit margin of

13.2%. Norwegian was increased to 3.6% and Royal Caribbean decreased to 2.7% net profit

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margin. In 2010, Carnival had a net income of $1.9 billion from sales of $14.4 billion, giving it a

net profit margin of 13.6%. Norwegian decreased to 1.1% and Royal Caribbean increased to

7.6% net profit margin. In 2010, Carnival had a net income of $1.9 billion from sales of $14.4

billion, giving it a net profit margin of 13.6%. Norwegian decreased to 1.1% and Royal

Caribbean increased to 7.6% net profit margin. In 2011, Carnival had a net income of $1.9

billion from sales of $15.7 billion, giving it a net profit margin of 12.1%. Norwegian increased to

5.7% and Royal Caribbean increased to 8% net profit margin. In 2012, Carnival had a net

income of $1.2 billion from sales of $15.3 billion, giving it a net profit margin of 8.4%.

Norwegian increased to 7.4% and Royal Caribbean decreased to .2% net profit margin. Over the

last five years, Carnival’s sales have increased but net income has decreased. This has

diminished net profit margins over the last 5 years. Appendix 25, 26, 27, 28 and 29 represent the

operating profit margins for Carnival, Norwegian and Royal Caribbean from 2008 to 2012.

Common size income statements are statements that can be used to allow for easy

analysis between companies or between time periods of a company. Appendix 30, 31, 32, 33 and

34 are the common size income statements for Carnival from 2008-2012.

The responsibility of the Board of Directors is to exercise their business judgment to act

in what they reasonably believe to be in the best interests of Carnival and their shareholders. The

directors are authorized to operate and carry into effect the agreements. The Board of Directors

are composed of internal and external members. Internal members are affiliated with the

company in some way. External directors are not engaged with the company. Currently, Carnival

Cruise has eleven members on the Board of Directors. The company has four internal directors

and seven external directors. For Carnival Cruise Lines, the internal directors include Micky

Arison, Arnold Donald, Pier Luigi Foschi, and Howard Frank. The external members include Sir

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Jonathon Band, Richard J. Glasier, Stuart Subotnick, Debra Kelly-Ennis, Laura Weil, Sir John

Parker and Randall J. Weisenburger.

The first member of the internal directors is Micky Arison. Micky Arison is the son of

Carnival founder, Ted Arison. Currently, he is stepping down as the Chief Executive Officer for

the company. He has been the CEO from 1979-2013. He is 64 years old, Jewish and was born in

Israel. He attended the University of Miami, but dropped out of college. In addition to running

the cruise ship company, Arison is also the owner of the Miami Heat basketball team.

The second member of the internal directors is Arnold Donald. Arnold Donald is the

President and Chief Executive Officer of Carnival Corporation. He is currently 58 years old. He

has a Bachelor's Degree in Economics and a Masters Degree in Mechanical Engineering. He has

been on the Board of Directors since 2001. In addition, he was Chairman of the Board for

Merisant Company from 2000-2005.

The third member of the internal Board of Directors is Pier Luigi Foschi. He is the

Chairman and CEO of Carnival Asia. He is also the Chairman of Costa Crociere. He is 66 years

old and is of Italian decent. He has been the Chairman of Costa Crociere since 2000. He was

appointed Chairman and CEO of Carnival Asia in 2012.

The final internal Board of Director is Howard Frank. He is the VP of the Board and

CEO of Carnival Corporation. He is 72 years old and he has been the Vice Chairman of the

Board of Directors since 1993. He joined Carnival as senior VP of Finance and CEO in 1989. He

is also the Chairman of the Executive Committee of The Cruise Line International Association.

The first external member on the Board of Directors is Sir Jonathon Band. Sir Jonathon

Band is a current member of the Board of Directors. He is the First Sea Lord and the Navy's

most senior serving officer. He is 63 years old, British, and in United Kingdom. He received a

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Bachelor's Degree in Social Science from Exeter University. He is married with two daughters.

His salary from Carnival was $440,408 in 2011. As of 2013, his current stock is 27,454 shares.

The second external member on the Board of Directors is Richard J. Glasier. Richard J.

Glasier is 67 years old and American. He received a Bachelor's Degree in Economics from

Cornell College and MBA in Finance from Southern Methodist University. He is the President

and CEO Officer of Argosy. He is also a former CFO and Executive Vice President of Royal

Caribbean Cruises. He has over 20 years experience in hotels, gaming, and cruises. His Carnival

Cruise salary was $525,298 in 2011. In 2013, his stock ownership was 44,050 shares.

The third external member on the Board of Directors is Stuart Subotnick. Stuart

Subotnick has been a director since 1987. He is 71 years old. He received a Bachelor’s Degree in

Business Administration at Baruch College, Master of Law Degree from Brooklyn Law School,

and Juris Doctorate degree from New York University. Currently, he is President and CEO of

Metromedia Company. He is also member of the board of directors of Above.net. His Carnival

Cruise salary was $518,928 in 2011. In 2013, his stock ownership was 54,408 shares.

The fourth external member on the Board of Directors is Debra Kelly-Ennis. Debra

Kelly-Ennis just joined the Carnival Cruise Board of Directors on May 15, 2013. She is 56 years

old and American. She received a Bachelor's Degree from University of Texas and MBA from

University of Houston. She completed the executive Leadership program at Harvard Business

School. She is the Former President and CEO at Diageo, Canada. She served as Chief Operating

Officer at Saab. She was General Manager of Oldsmobile.

The fifth external member on the Board of Directors is Laura Weil. Laura Weil is 55

years old and American. She has a Bachelor’s Degree in Art History and Government from

Smith College and MBA Degree in Finance and Marketing from Columbia University.

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Currently, she is Chief Operating Officer of New York and Company. She is also the former

CEO of Ashley Stewart, CEO of Urban Brands, and CFO of American Eagle Outfitters. Her

Carnival Cruise salary was $488,428 in 2011. In 2013, her stock ownership was 52,738 shares.

The sixth external member on the Board of Directors is Sir John Parker. Sir John Parker

has been a Director of the Board since 2000. He is 71 years old, Irish and was born in Ireland. He

received a Doctor of Science in Engineering from Queen’s University. In addition, he is

President of Royal Academy of Engineering and Vice President of Engineering Employers’

Federation. He is married with two children. His Carnival Cruise salary was $482,928 in 2011.

In 2013, his stock ownership was 52,008 shares.

The seventh external member on the Board of Directors is Randall J. Weisenburger.

Randall J. Weisenburger is 54 years old and American. He received a Bachelor's Degree in

Finance and Accounting from Virginia Tech. He has a Master's degree in Business

Administration from the University of Pennsylvania's Wharton School of Business. He is the

Chief Financial Officer and Executive Vice President of Omnicom Group Inc. He is also on the

board of director for Valero Energy Corporation. His Carnival Cruise salary was $448,928 in

2011. In 2013, his stock ownership was 156,954 shares.

The purpose of the Audit Committee is to assist the Boards' oversight of the integrity of

the Companies’ financial statements, the Companies’ compliance with legal and regulatory

requirements, the independent auditor’s qualifications and independence, the performance of the

Companies’ internal audit functions and independent auditors, and relevant elements of the

Companies’ risk management programs. The current members of the audit committee include

Richard Glasier, Laura Weil, Stuart Subotnick, and Randall Weisenburger. All of these members

are external.

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The Compensation Committee has the overall responsibility for approving and evaluating

the director and officer compensation plans, policies and programs of Carnival, including annual

base salary, annual incentives, long-term incentives, stock options, terms of employment

agreements and severance arrangements. The current members of the Compensation Committee

include Richard Glasier, Randall Weisenburger, and Laura Weil. All of these members are

external.

The Nominating and Governance Committee has the goal is to develop and recommend

to the Boards a set of Corporate Governance Guidelines applicable to the Companies. They also

assist the boards by identifying individuals qualified to become board members and to

recommend to the boards the director nominees for the next annual meeting of shareholders. The

current members of the Nominating and Governance Committee include Sir John Parker, Stuart

Subotnick, Richard Glasier, and Randall Weisenburger. All of these members are external.

The Health, Environmental, Safety and Security Committee have the purpose is to assist

the Boards in fulfilling their responsibility to supervise and monitor health, environmental, safety

and security policies, programs, initiatives at sea and onshore, and compliance with health,

environmental, safety and security legal and regulatory requirements. The current members

include Sir John Parker, Sir Jonathon Band, and Debra Kelly-Ennis. All of these members are

external.

The Board of Directors members assist with company decisions. Some of the prior board

member decisions include repurchasing of stock and declaring dividends. On November 15,

2012, the Boards of Directors declared a special dividend to holders of Carnival Corporation

common stock and Carnival plc ordinary shares of $0.50 per share. In September 2007, the

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Boards of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to an aggregate of $1 billion of Carnival

Corporation common stock and Carnival plc ordinary shares.

The inventory turnover is a ratio showing how many times a company's inventory is sold

and replaced over a period. The days in the period can then be divided by the inventory turnover

formula to calculate the days it takes to sell the inventory on hand. The inventory turnover ratio

is a ratio showing how many times a company's inventory is sold and replaced over a period. For

the last four years Norwegian Cruises has slowly decreased while Carnival Cruises and Royal

Caribbean have stayed consistent. This is represented in Appendix 35. The days of inventory is a

financial measure of a company's performance that gives investors an idea of how long it takes a

company to turn its inventory sales. Carnival has increased over the last 4 years while Royal

Caribbean and Norwegian have decreased. This is represented in Appendix 36. The total asset

turnover is the amount of sales generated for every dollar's worth of assets. It is calculated by

dividing sales in dollars by assets in dollars. All three competitors have remained consistent over

the last 4 years. Appendix 37 represents the inventory turnover ratios for Carnival Cruise, Royal

Caribbean Cruises and Norwegian from 2008-2012.

The management team for Carnival Corporation is comprised of seven individuals. The

individuals include Micky Arison, Howard Frank, Arnold Donald, David Bernstein, Richard

Ames, Arnaldo Perez, and Larry Freedman. Micky Arison is the Chairman of Board. Howard

Frank is the Vice President of Board and the Chief Operating Officer. Arnold Donald is

President and Chief Executive Officer. David Bernstein is the senior Vice President and the

Chief Financial Officer. Richard Ames is the senior Vice President of Shared Services. Arnaldo

Perez is the senior Vice President of General Counsel and Secretary. Larry Freedman is the Chief

Accounting Officer and the Vice President Controller.

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The President for AIDA is Michael Ungerer. The President and CEO for Carnival Cruise

Line is Gerald Cahill. The CEO for Carnival Australia is Ann Sherry. The CEO for Carnival UK

is David Dingle. The Chairman for Costa Crociere is Pier Luigi Foschi and the CEO is Michael

Thamm. The President and CEO for Holland America is Stein Kruse. Alan Buckelew is the

President and CEO for Princess Cruises. The President for Seabourn is Rick Meadows.

The top management involved with the Board of Directors are Micky Arison, Arnold

Donald, Pier Luigi Foschi and Howard Frank. Chairman Micky Arison is known for being less

hands on than most. He gives great independence and authority to his executive teams who

operate Carnival and Carnival brand ships. Appendix 38 represents the total compensation paid

out to the management from 2008-2012.

Carnival Cruise is one of 10 subsidiary companies owned by Carnival Corporation &

PLC. Within Carnival Cruise, an ‘Open Door’ policy is advocated. Employees have the freedom

and flexibility to express their ideas in working toward solutions that benefit the company.

Carnival Cruise uses the “Promote from Within” advancement strategy. In the early 2000’s, 95%

of sales were made through travel agents. Now, individuals can purchase tickets through online

services and the telephone. The website is carnivalcruise.com and 1-800-Carnival. The entire

ship carries onboard Wi-Fi. Also there is an electronic-access control system. The electronic-

access control system has a plastic card that allows in and out access, room key and on-board

credit card. Carnival Cruise markets their cruise-based vacation products with many different

mediums. Current Carnival Cruise slogan is “Fun for all. All for fun.” Carnival emphasizes on

the word ‘Fun’. Examples of copyrighted word are Carnival, The Fun Ship, and all their ship

names.

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In 2013, Carnival launched their first ever sweepstakes contest. For a week, any customer

who booked a vacation was automatically entered into a contest to win over 1,000 prizes. For

Carnival Cruise, prices range depending on the length, destination, and amenities. Currently,

Carnival Cruise advertises on their website with “Price Guarantee”. “If you find a better Carnival

advertised deal somewhere else within two days of booking your cruise, we'll not only be very

surprised —we'll give you 110% of the difference in onboard credit.” Current Promotions and

offers from the Carnival Cruise website are represented in Appendix 39, 40, and 41.

Common size balance sheet translates data from the balance sheet into percentages. This

allows for an easier analysis between time periods or from similar companies. Appendix 42, 43,

44, 45, and 46 show the common size balance sheet for Carnival Cruise in comparison with

Royal Caribbean and Norwegian Cruise from 2008-2012.

Liquidity ratios show a company's ability to pay off its short term debt. The most

common ratios used are the current ratio, quick (acid test) ratio, Inventory to net working capital,

and the cash ratio. The current ratio is a short-term indicator of the company's ability to pay its

short-term liabilities from short-term assets. It is how much of current assets are available to

cover each dollar of current liabilities. The quick (acid test) ratio measures the company's ability

to pay off its short-term obligations from current assets, excluding inventories. Inventory to net

working capital ratio is a measure of inventory balance and measures how much inventory is

over the difference between current assets and current liabilities. Cash ratio is the ratio between

the total cash to its current liabilities. Appendix 47, 48, 49, 50 and 51 show the 2008-2012

liquidity ratio comparison between Carnival Corporation, Royal Caribbean, and Norwegian

Cruise Line.

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Leverage ratios determine the company's methods of financing or to measure their

capability of meeting financial obligations. Four ratios were used in determining the leverage

ratios for Carnival: debt to asset ratio, debt to equity ratio, long-term debt to capital structure,

and current liabilities to equity. The debt to asset ratio measures the extent to which borrowed

funds have been used to finance the company's asset. The debt to equity ratio measures the funds

provided by creditors versus the funds provided by owners. The long-term debt to capital

structure ratio measures the long-term component of capital structure. The current liabilities to

equity ratio measures the short-term financing portion versus that provided by owners. Appendix

52, 53, 54, 55, and 56 show the 2008-2012 leverage ratio comparison between Carnival

Corporation, Royal Caribbean, and Norwegian Cruise.

Carnival has a shipboard human resources department. The human resources department

is divided into two tiers which include staff administration and training. The department is

responsible for employee relations, employee communication, training and development, staff

administration, coaching and counseling, quality of life and leadership training. The crew

training centers have over 400 learning resources including e-learning courses, books, tapes,

DVD’s, management courses and language resources. This team also conducts fun and

informative training programs including regulatory/ safety training, team carnival orientation,

English classes, hospitality training, sales training and other department-specific training. This

department is also responsible for overseeing the star employee of the month program, the

service award program and the crew recreation committee which is responsible for all crew

activities and fun on board.

The short-term threats and opportunities for Carnival Cruise include competition,

potential barriers to entry, substitute products and services, customer bargaining power, and

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supplier bargaining power. The long-term threats and opportunities include socio-cultural forces,

political and legal forces, technological forces, and economic forces.

Competition is a huge threat to Carnival Cruise. Carnival Cruise Lines has competition in

North America, Europe, land-based travel vacations, and the luxury cruise industry. Carnival

Cruises is the largest company in the cruise vacation industry with 50% of the cruising market.

The main competitors for Carnival in North America are Royal Caribbean, Disney Cruise Line,

and Norwegian Cruise Line. The European market consisted of the United Kingdom, Germany

and Southern Europe. In the United Kingdom, Carnival's competitors are My Travel's Sun

Cruises, Fred Olsen, Saga and Thomson. In Germany, the competitors are Festival Cruises,

Hapag-Lloyd, Peter Deilmann, Phoenix Reisen, and Tranocean. In Southern Europe, Carnival's

competitors are the Mediterranean Shipping Cruises, Louis Cruise Line, Festival Cruises, and

Spanish Cruise Line. Carnival has a few competitors in the luxury cruise segment with Crystal

Cruises, Radisson Seven Seas Cruise Line, and Silversea Cruises. In addition, Carnival also

competed with land-based travel vacations such as resorts, hotels, theme parks, and ownership

properties. The European market seems to be their toughest competition as many cruise lines

operate in and around the continent. Carnival has a large emphasis in North America and many

other parts of the world.

Potential entrants are a short-term concern for Carnival Cruise. The cruise ship industry is

very diverse and competitive with important factors for entry. One of the most prevalent

concerns is the competition. Many cruise ships have a large market share in the industry thus

limiting the market. A new cruise based company can compete with existing cruise companies,

which can also cause problems. The larger and more established companies can easily buy out or

obtain customers from the newer companies. Another major concern to enter is the ability to use

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ports and facilities. Cruise ships must have ports and facilities at their destinations. These ports

and facilities limit or charge access for competing companies. In addition, another barrier to

entry is the reputation and establishment of other companies. Many consumers have trustworthy,

reliable companies for their travel needs. Most companies have worked years to build their

reputation as a great cruise-based company, which makes it difficult for new companies to

become their providers. The last concern is the costs. Cruise ships are not cheap and low-cost.

Many cruise ships take anywhere from 3-5 years to build. This causes high debt early in the

company's business and a long time frame before the business can start. New companies could

buy an existing ship from a competitor, which could save money and time.

With the many available substitute product and services, Carnival Cruise faces short-term

threats from many other companies. Customers have many options when selecting their travel

vacations. If someone wants to go on vacation they can go to Las Vegas, fly on an airplane, take

a train ride, and the list continues. Carnival does not own anything in the air travel or land-based

transportation, which allows customers to plan different and competing industries for their travel

needs. Carnival tries to promote and market to customers with their amenities and potential

experiences. Another substitute product is other cruise ships. The cruise industry has added many

features such as live music, shows, movie theaters, art galleries, nightclubs, sporting activities

and pools to name a few. More and more cruise ships are offering land-based activities to further

develop the experience of cruises. Products and services on cruises will continue to develop with

more time, money and technology.

In terms of customer bargaining power, Carnival Cruise faces little or no threat in the

industry. Buying power is not very effective for the cruise industry due to competition. Many

customers use travel agents and the website for their booking vacations, which allows for

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competitive and fixed prices. In addition, Carnival Cruise and Royal Caribbean Cruises are the

two most popular cruise-based vacation packages in North America. With these cruise ships

having a large market share in the United States, they are able to control travel prices for

customers.

The supplier bargaining power is fairly low as most companies are competitive with each

other. Due to large purchases, Carnival receives a high discount for volume purchases. Carnival

utilized a select number of suppliers for food/beverages, hotel/restaurant supplies at competitive

prices throughout the world. Carnival Cruise has many purchases for their cruise ships. The

company's largest purchases were travel agency services, fuel, advertising, food/beverages,

hotel/restaurants supplies, airfare, repairs/maintenance, dry-docking, port facility utilization, and

communication services. Carnival uses a limited number of suppliers for their fuel and port

facility services.

The long-term threat and opportunities of the socio-cultural forces facing the cruise

industry are age and attitudes. The age for most cruises are towards an older demographic. Many

retired consumers go on cruises for enjoyment while younger demographics use substitute

products/services for vacations. Attitude is another socio-cultural force facing the cruise

industry. Many consumers believe that cruises are very expensive due to their luxury reputation.

Consumers also have the idea that cruises will make them sea sick, which could not be further

from the truth. Carnival adds land-based activities to their cruise ships to dissipate this potential

problem. Attitudes are a social force as they have a pertaining reputation and understanding

towards consumers.

The long-term political and legal forces are expanding and will continue to face the cruise

industry. An important legal force facing the cruise industry is pollution and energy guidelines.

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Pollution and energy guidelines are a dangerous and expensive legal force in the transportation

industries. Many cruise companies have been fined for illegal dumping and oil spills in the

oceans. In the past 20 years, many rules and regulations have been issued to keep the oceans

clean. The forecasts and trends have issued many strategic plans to have all countries

contributing to safety and cleanliness in the oceans. Many cruise ships are built to be eco-

friendly and partially solar generated. In 2010, a Vancouver based cruise company issued itself

to travel eco-friendly. In addition, many ports are installing plug-ins for ships which stops the

burning of fuels and emissions. These are just some of the ways the pollution and energy

guidelines have changed in the past few years. The trends and forecast will continue pushing for

stricter guidelines. Another political force facing the cruise industry are safety concerns. The

safety concerns relate to terrorist involved events, wars with other countries, and society with

another country. The most recent terrorist attack for the United States was 9-11, which effected

the travel and cruise industry due to safety and well-being concerns. The potential of another

attack could cause the same feelings and actions. In 2013, the talks continue with Syria about a

possible war due to the poisoning of their citizens. Potential events like these could have a

profound effect on tourism especially if the cruise travel route is by those countries. Terrorist

attacks and wars are becoming more prevalent in many countries due to social aspects.

Carnival Cruise faces long-term technological forces in the next 10 years. The greatest

technological force facing the cruise ship industry is the use of mobile cell phones and the

internet. The use of cell phones and the internet affect many global travel industries. With the

design of smart phones, many consumers cannot withstand to be away from their phones for a

long period of time. Smart phones have the ability to communicate with others as well as go on

the internet. In the past, many cruise ships did not have wireless connection. In 2009, many

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cruise ships started adding wireless connection which has further developed communication for

passengers. In 2013, Carnival Cruise has a designated cafe just for internet use. With the

advancements in technology, cruise ships will continue to evolve in communication techniques.

Carnival Cruise faces long-term economic forces in the next 10 years. Two economic

forces facing cruise ships in the next 10 years are fuel price concerns and interest rates risks. In

general, fuel prices averaged around $2 to $3 over the past 10 years in the United States. Fuel

prices affect all the different transportation industries. When the stock market crashed in 2008,

fuel prices peaked to over $4 a gallon. In 2009, the prices dipped to $2 a gallon. In the past 5

years, the fuel prices have steadily stayed around $3- $4. In general, fuel prices have risen over a

$1 per gallon in 5 years. If the trends and forecasts continue, the fuel prices most likely will rise

another $1 in the next 5 years to come. These forecasts relate to the United States, which leads to

more concerns in other countries. In European and overseas countries, gas prices are very

expensive. The trends and forecasts will continue to rise in those countries too, which will affect

all traveling transportation companies. The second force facing Carnival Cruises is interest rate

risks. Interest rates affect many companies, especially industries with large long-term

investments. The travel and transportation industries are greatly affected by interest rates. Cruise

ship companies spend large amounts of their money on building cruise ships. These long-term

investments are faced with debt and interest rates. Before the financial crisis, the interest rates

were around 8%. Over the past 5 years, interest rates have decreased to around 4% on long-term

loans. These low interest rates are beneficial for future investments as the interest will be

cheaper. The trends and forecasts show that rates dropped and will most likely rise again when

the market grows.

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Carnival Cruise has numerous strengths in the organization. The strengths include being

the largest cruise line in the world. Carnival Cruise has higher market shares than their

competitors. Carnival Cruise is a very strong company as they have acquired several companies

in the cruise line industry. In addition, Carnival Cruise has a global and international presence.

Currently, Carnival Cruise has a strong consumer demand in Europe, which is strength for the

company. Carnival Cruise offers many amenities on their ships. The company places a high

value on entertainment and customer satisfaction. Due to cost advantages, Carnival Cruise

implements many activities and features on their ships. Carnival Cruise has cost advantages over

most of their competitors. With affordable vacation packages for families, Carnival Cruise is

continuing to strengthen their brands. Finally, Carnival Cruise last strength is the amount of

repeat customers. According to the Wall Street Journal, Repeat cruisers make up 65% of

Carnival's customers, and the industry's previous safety record is strong, with fewer than 0.1

fatality per million passengers, three times better than that of airlines. 

Even though Carnival Cruise is a very successful organization, the company still faces a

few weaknesses. The weaknesses of Carnival Cruises include poor safety record, bad publicity,

expense issues and advertising low prices. In last few years, Carnival Cruise has experienced a

few tragedies on their cruise ships. Due to the unfortunate accidents, Carnival Cruise has

received a poor safety record in the past few years. These tragedies also sparked bad publicity for

the cruise line. Another weakness is that many people believe cruises are too expensive. When

consumers think of vacations, they automatically think it will be expensive. In reality, Carnival

Cruises are actually cheaper than planning trips to destinations in the United States.

The opportunities of Carnival Cruise range from prices to different destinations. Carnival

could advertise low "average" prices on their website and advertising efforts. Consumers need to

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know that cruises can be inexpensive compared to other destination vacations. Another

opportunity is the appeal to all demographics. Many consumers believe that cruises are only for

older individuals. By advertising to families, young adults, marrying adults, and middle aged

individuals, Carnival Cruise will appeal to a large demographic. Another opportunity is to offer

new destinations each season or every year. Many of the cruises have the same destination,

which could not attract repeat consumers. In addition, Carnival Cruise could further market

themselves in the Asian and African markets. Lastly, Carnival Cruise can increase advertising

efforts. The cruise company can utilize different mediums.

The threats of Carnival Cruise are similar to other vacation based companies. The main

threats include competition, gas prices, the environment, diseases and the weather. Diseases in

other countries pose a threat to potential and future customers. In the travel industry, weather is

always a factor for success. Vacation packages must be aligned with good weather to promote

the vacation. In addition, tight competition with other cruise companies is another threat. As

mentioned before, there are over 20 cruise ship companies in the United States and European.

Environmental regulations also pose a threat in the cruise industry. Carnival Cruise needs to

always be aware of potential changes and continue developing ways to become efficient.

Another threat facing Carnival Cruise is the increase price of fuel. Over the past several years,

fuel prices have risen astronomically. Carnival Cruise needs to be conscious of the best ways and

features to overcome expensive fuel prices. Lastly, Carnival Cruise has threats with competition

of cheaper vacation packages. Customers also have a variety of travel options with hotels, airline

travel, and car driving. Travel vacationers have many options and selections when determining

travel choices.

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The objective for the plan of action is to attract customers by having promotional

campaigns. Carnival also needs to make it aware to customers how a cruise vacation is

affordable in a time where money can be scarce. The environmental strategy is Carnival should

donate one thousandth of one percent of net income to the "Save the Ocean" campaign. This

would make them stand out as a socially responsible company. It would also help to appease the

environmental groups that are currently against cruise lines. Carnival can also look into different

fuel technology to not only decrease the costs of fuel consumption but fuel that is not harmful to

the environment. Carnival has demonstrated that they are aware of their environment by

announcing the first smoke-free cruise ship. These two strategies would help implement

Carnival’s strategy on helping the environment.

For future strategies Carnival needs to offer special discounts to repeat customers. These

discounts can be on activities, like spa treatments and drinks, as a way to say thank you for

choosing Carnival. Carnival needs to continue to build relationships with travel booking

companies, especially online companies. Carnival also needs to expand on social media because

that is the least expensive and most influential type of marketing. Carnival should also send

promotional emails for when it is a birthday or an anniversary of a guest who went on a cruise

and offered them a special vacation package. Carnival should also add more entertainment

activities on the ship to attract different ages of potential customers. Carnival can benefit from

offering more destination spots to attract customers who want to travel to countries where it can

be too expensive to book a hotel, rental car and airplane flights. Carnival needs to create a

referral program. Carnival can begin a program where, if you recommend your friend(s) and/or

family, you will receive discount. This will benefit Carnival by increasing the number of return

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cruisers and will combat the image of a first time cruise company. Carnival also needs to create

an alliance with an airline company.

Carnival needs to make programs to increase cruise line dependability by making

enhancements to emergency power capabilities, additional emergency generators and new fire

safety technology so incidents like the fire in the engine room on the Triumph, that left the ship

powerless for 5 days and forced passengers to live in unsanitary conditions, do not occur.

Carnival needs to bring the trust back to these Carnival passengers. Carnival also needs to

communicate quicker to let passengers know what is happening. For example, when the Costa

Concordia struck a reef after the captain deviated from the planned course, he didn’t contact

officials or let passengers know until one after the incident occurred. Thirty two people lost their

lives. In order to provide a richer understanding of the customers, Carnival Cruise should

promote feedback. Carnival should send customers who went on a cruise an email survey rating

their satisfaction and experience. As a reward, give them a free drink ticket for any future

cruises. Currently, Carnival does not give rewards to customers who take their survey. Carnival

needs to look into how to make guests who are dissatisfied become satisfied guests. These

programs will allow Carnival Cruise to become an even stronger and successful company.

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Appendix

Appendix 1. The following represents a table and graph of short-term liabilities, long-term

liabilities, retained earnings and net stocks for Carnival Cruise from 2008 to 2012.

  2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Short Term Liabilities 17.3% 13.5% 15.4% 15.8% 18.7%

Long Term Liabilities 23.2% 24.7% 21.4% 20.8% 18.3%

Retained Earnings 41.9% 42.8% 45.9% 47.5% 47.2%

Net Stocks 57.2% 59.8% 61.4% 61.7% 61.1%

2008 2009 2010 2011 20120.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

70.0%

Carnival Cruise

Short Term LiabilitiesLong Term LiabilitiesRetained EarningsNet Stocks

Appendix 2. The following represents a table and graph of the short-term liabilities, long-term

liabilities, retained earnings and net stocks for Royal Caribbean Cruise from 2008-2012.

  2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Short Term Liabilities 16.2% 15.1% 17.5% 15.5% 20.5%

Long Term Liabilities 39.7% 42.0% 40.4% 39.7% 35.1%

Retained Earnings 27.9% 26.1% 26.9% 29.4% 29.0%

Net Stocks 41.3% 41.1% 40.3% 42.5% 41.9%

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2008 2009 2010 2011 20120.0%

5.0%

10.0%

15.0%

20.0%

25.0%

30.0%

35.0%

40.0%

45.0%

Royal Caribbean Cruises

Short Term LiabilitiesLong Term LiabilitiesRetained EarningsNet Stocks

Appendix 3. This following represents the table of the short-term liabilities, long-term liabilities,

retained earnings and net stocks for Norwegian Cruises from 2008-2012.

  2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Short Term Liabilities 18.7% 10.3% 11.7% 14.7% 15.9%

Long Term Liabilities 49.0% 53.1% 56.2% 51.0% 46.5%

Retained Earnings 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Net Stocks 17.0% 22.4% 20.3% 24.8% 29.0%

2008 2009 2010 2011 20120.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

Norwegian Cruises

Short Term LiabilitiesLong Term LiabilitiesRetained EarningsNet Stocks

Appendix 4. The following table represents the dividend payment for Royal Caribbean, Carnival

Cruise and Norwegian Cruises from 2008 to 2012. The dividend payment of Carnival Cruise is

high compared to their competitors.

  2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

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Royal  0.45 _ _ 0.20 0.44

Carnival Cruises 1.60 _ 0.40 1.00 1.00

Norwegian Cruises 0 0 0 0 0

2008 2009 2010 2011 20120.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

1.20

1.40

1.60

1.80

Dividends Per Share

Royal Carnival CruisesNorwegian Cruises

Appendix 5. The following table and graph illustrate the inventory levels for the three

competitors. Carnival has medium/low inventory levels compared to the competition.

  2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Royal  45.8 37.70 35.20 34.2 35.3

Carnival Cruises 28.70 25.3 28.4 27.50 26.5

Norwegian Cruises 53.5 44.7 41.1 40.5 37.3

Appendix 6. This graph represents the stock price of Carnival Cruise, Norwegian Cruises,

Royal Caribbean Cruises, S & P 500, and Leisure.

2008 2009 2010 2011 20120

10

20

30

40

50

60

Inventory Turnover

Royal Carnival CruisesNorwegian Cruises

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Appendix 7. The following graph shows the market share for Carnival Cruise, Norwegian

Cruise Lines, and Royal Caribbean Cruises for 2008

54.00%7.70%

24.00%

Market Share in 2008

CarnivalNorwegianRoyal Caribbean

Appendix 8. The following graph shows the market share for Carnival Cruise, Norwegian

Cruise Lines, and Royal Caribbean Cruises for 2009.

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49.80%6.69%

21.50%

Market Share in 2009

CarnivalNorwegianRoyal Caribbean

Appendix 9. The following graph shows the market share for Carnival Cruises, Royal Caribbean

Cruises and Norwegian Cruise Lines for 2010.

53.90%8.20%

25.00%

Market Share in 2010

Carnival Norwegian

Royal Caribbean

Appendix 10. The following graph shows the market share for Carnival Cruises, Royal

Caribbean Cruises and Norwegian Cruise Lines for 2011.

53.70%

7.50%

25.60%

Market Share in 2011

CarnivalNorwegianRoyal Caribbean

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Appendix 11. The following graph shows the market share for Carnival Cruises, Royal

Caribbean Cruises and Norwegian Cruise Lines for 2012.

42.40%6.20%

21.20%

Market Share in 2012

CarnivalNorwegianRoyal Caribbean

Appendix 12. The following graph represents the net income for Carnival Cruise, Royal

Caribbean Cruises, and Norwegian Cruise Lines from 2008 to 2012.

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012Net Income

 $(500,000,000.00)

 $- 

 $500,000,000.00 

 $1,000,000,000.00 

 $1,500,000,000.00 

 $2,000,000,000.00 

 $2,500,000,000.00 

Norwegian Royal CaribbeanCarnival 

Figure 13. The following graph represents the net sales for Norwegian, Royal Caribbean and

Carnival from 2008-2012.

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Norwegian Carnival Royal Caribbean 

 $(1,000,000,000.00)

 $- 

 $1,000,000,000.00 

 $2,000,000,000.00 

 $3,000,000,000.00 

 $4,000,000,000.00 

 $5,000,000,000.00 

20082009201020112012

Figure 14. The following graph represents the number of employees for Norwegian, Royal

Caribbean and Carnival from 2008-2012.

Norwegian Carnival Royal Caribbean 0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

80000

90000

100000

20082009201020112012

Appendix 15. The following graph represents the gross profit margin for Carnival Cruises,

Royal Caribbean Cruises and Norwegian Cruise lines from 2008.

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Carnival Norwegian Royal Caribbean0.00%

5.00%

10.00%

15.00%

20.00%

25.00%

30.00%

35.00%

40.00%

45.00%

Gross Profit Margin 2008

2008

Appendix 16. The following graph represents the gross profit margin for Carnival Cruises,

Royal Caribbean Cruises and Norwegian Cruise lines from 2009.

Carnival Norwegian Royal Caribbean0.00%

5.00%

10.00%

15.00%

20.00%

25.00%

30.00%

35.00%

40.00%

Gross Profit Margin 2009

2009

Appendix 17. The following graph represents the gross profit margin for Carnival Cruises,

Royal Caribbean Cruises and Norwegian Cruise lines from 2010.

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Carnival Norwegian Royal Caribbean30.00%

31.00%

32.00%

33.00%

34.00%

35.00%

36.00%

37.00%

38.00%

Gross Profit Margin 2010

2010

Appendix 18. The following graph represents the gross profit margin for Carnival Cruises,

Royal Caribbean Cruises and Norwegian Cruise lines from 2011.

Carnival Norwegian Royal Caribbean33.50%

33.60%

33.70%

33.80%

33.90%

34.00%

34.10%

34.20%

34.30%

34.40%

34.50%

Gross Profit Margin 2011

2011

Appendix 19. The following graph represents the gross profit margin for Carnival Cruises,

Royal Caribbean Cruises and Norwegian Cruise lines from 2008.

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Carnival Norwegian Royal Caribbean30.50%

31.00%

31.50%

32.00%

32.50%

33.00%

33.50%

34.00%

34.50%

35.00%

35.50%

Gross Profit Margin 2012

2012

Appendix 20. The following graph represents the operating profit margin for Carnival Cruises,

Royal Caribbean Cruises and Norwegian Cruise Lines from 2008.

Carnival Norwegian Royal Caribbean

-5.00%

0.00%

5.00%

10.00%

15.00%

20.00%

25.00%

Operating Profit Margin 2008

2008

Appendix 21. The following graph represents the operating profit margin for Carnival Cruises,

Royal Caribbean Cruises and Norwegian Cruise Lines from 2009.

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Carnival Norwegian Royal Caribbean0.00%

5.00%

10.00%

15.00%

20.00%

25.00%

Operating Profit Margin 2009

2009

Appendix 22. The following graph represents the operating profit margin for Carnival Cruises,

Royal Caribbean Cruises and Norwegian Cruise Lines from 2010.

Carnival Norwegian Royal Caribbean0.00%

2.00%

4.00%

6.00%

8.00%

10.00%

12.00%

14.00%

16.00%

18.00%

Operating Profit Margin 2010

2010

Appendix 23. The following graph represents the operating profit margin for Carnival Cruises,

Royal Caribbean Cruises and Norwegian Cruise Lines from 2011.

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Carnival Norwegian Royal Caribbean11.00%

11.50%

12.00%

12.50%

13.00%

13.50%

14.00%

14.50%

Operating Profit Margin 2011

2011

Appendix 24. The following graph represents the operating profit margin for Carnival Cruises,

Royal Caribbean Cruises and Norwegian Cruise Lines from 2012.

Carnival Norwegian Royal Caribbean0.00%

2.00%

4.00%

6.00%

8.00%

10.00%

12.00%

14.00%

16.00%

18.00%

Operating Profit Margin 2012

2012

Appendix 25. The following graph represents the net profit margin for Carnival Cruises,

Norwegian Cruise Lines and Royal Caribbean Cruises from 2008.

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Carnival Norwegian Royal Caribbean

-15.00%

-10.00%

-5.00%

0.00%

5.00%

10.00%

15.00%

20.00%

Net Profit Margin 2008

2008

Appendix 26. The following graph represents the net profit margin for Carnival Cruises,

Norwegian Cruise Lines and Royal Caribbean Cruises from 2009.

Carnival Norwegian Royal Caribbean0.00%

2.00%

4.00%

6.00%

8.00%

10.00%

12.00%

14.00%

Net Profit Margin 2009

2009

Appendix 27. The following graph represents the net profit margin for Carnival Cruises,

Norwegian Cruise Lines and Royal Caribbean Cruises from 2010.

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Carnival Norwegian Royal Caribbean0.00%

2.00%

4.00%

6.00%

8.00%

10.00%

12.00%

14.00%

16.00%

Net Profit Margin 2010

2010

Appendix 28. The following graph represents the net profit margin for Carnival Cruises,

Norwegian Cruise Lines and Royal Caribbean Cruises from 2011.

Carnival Norwegian Royal Caribbean0.00%

2.00%

4.00%

6.00%

8.00%

10.00%

12.00%

14.00%

Net Profit Margin 2011

2011

Appendix 29. The following graph represents the net profit margin for Carnival Cruises,

Norwegian Cruise Lines and Royal Caribbean Cruises from 2012.

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Carnival Norwegian Royal Caribbean0.00%

1.00%

2.00%

3.00%

4.00%

5.00%

6.00%

7.00%

8.00%

9.00%

Net Profit Margin 2012

2012

Appendix 30. The following table illustrates the common sized income statements from 2008.

Common Size Income Statement 2008 Carnival Royal

Caribbean

Norwegian

Cruise

Total Revenue 100% 100% 100%

Cost of Revenue 67% 76% 80%

Gross Profit 32% 32% 28%

Selling & Admin Exp. 9% 3% 2%

Depreciation Exp. 9% 8% 15%

Operating Expenses 22% 27% 32%

Operating Income 10% 16% 18%

Net Interest 0% 0% 0%

Other Income 0% 2% 0%

Pretax Income 8% 14% 15%

Net Income 8% 10% 3%

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Appendix 31. The following table illustrates the common sized income statements from 2009.

Common Size Income Statement 2009 Carnival Royal

Caribbean

Norwegian

Cruise

Total Revenue 100% 100% 100%

Cost of Revenue 65% 72% 76%

Gross Profit 34% 28% 24%

Selling & Admin Exp. 11% 15% 12%

Depreciation Exp. 9% 14% 18%

Operating Expenses 20% 27% 36%

Operating Income 14% 15% 19%

Net Interest 0% 0% 0%

Other Income 0% 1% 0%

Pretax Income 12% 14% 19%

Net Income 12% 13% 5%

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Appendix 32. The following table illustrates the common sized income statements from 2010.

Common Size Income Statement 2010 Carnival Royal

Caribbean

Norwegian

Cruise

Total Revenue 100% 100% 100%

Cost of Revenue 62% 76% 80%

Gross Profit 37% 32% 28%

Selling & Admin Exp. 11% 3% 2%

Depreciation Exp. 9% 8% 15%

Operating Expenses 20% 27% 32%

Operating Income 16% 16% 18%

Net Interest 0% 0% 0%

Other Income 0% 2% 0%

Pretax Income 13% 14% 15%

Net Income 13% 10% 3%

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Appendix 33. The following table illustrates the common sized income statements from 2011.

Common Size Income Statement 2011 Carnival Royal

Caribbean

Norwegian

Cruise

Total Revenue 100% 100% 100%

Cost of Revenue 62% 76% 80%

Gross Profit 37% 32% 28%

Selling & Admin Exp. 11% 3% 2%

Depreciation Exp. 9% 8% 15%

Operating Expenses 21% 27% 32%

Operating Income 16% 16% 18%

Net Interest 0% 0% 0%

Other Income 0% 2% 0%

Pretax Income 13% 14% 15%

Net Income 13% 10% 15%

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Appendix 34. The following table illustrates the common sized income statements from 2012.

Common Size Income Statement 2012 Carnival Royal

Caribbean

Norwegian

Cruise

Total Revenue 100% 100% 100%

Cost of Revenue 62% 84% 82%

Gross Profit 38% 32% 28%

Selling & Admin Exp. 6% 5% 2%

Depreciation Exp. 8% 10% 15%

Operating Expenses 19% 20% 24%

Operating Income 18% 16% 20%

Net Interest 0% 2% 4%

Other Income 0% 2% 1%

Pretax Income 16% 15% 12%

Net Income 15% 10% 6%

Appendix 35. The following graph represents the inventory turnover ratio for Carnival Cruise,

Royal Caribbean, and Norwegian Cruise Line from 2008-2012.

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2008 2009 2010 2011 20120

10

20

30

40

50

60

Inventory Turnover

Royal Carnival CruisesNorwegian Cruises

Appendix 36. The following graph represents the days of inventory ratio for Carnival Cruise,

Royal Caribbean, and Norwegian Cruise Line from 2008-2012.

2008 2009 2010 2011 20120.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

16.0

Days of Inventory

Royal Carnival CruisesNorwegian Cruises

Appendix 37. The following graph represents the total assets inventory ratio for Carnival Cruise,

Royal Caribbean, and Norwegian Cruise Line from 2008-2012.

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2008 2009 2010 2011 20120.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

0.35

0.40

0.45

0.50

Total Assets Turnover

Royal Carnival CruisesNorwegian Cruises

Appendix 38. The following table shows the compensation salary for the top management.

Appendix 39. The following picture illustrates the special offers for Carnival Cruise from

the Carnival Cruise website.

Appendix 40. The following picture shows the Carnival Cruise "Lowest Price Guarantee"

for booking cruises.

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Appendix 41. The following picture shows the example of Carnival Cruise billboard

advertisement.

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Appendix 42. The following table illustrates the Common Size Balance Sheet for 2008.

Common Size Balance Sheet 2008 Carnival Royal

Caribbean

Norwegian

Cruise

Total Current Asset 5% 6% 5%

Property and Equipment, Net 79% 84% 82%

Goodwill 10% 5% 12%

Other Assets 6% 5% 1%

      Total Assets 100% 100% 100%

Current Liabilities 17% 16% 20%

Long-Term Debt 23% 40% 49%

Other long-term liabilities 2% 3% 1%

Shareholder's Equity 57% 41% 31%

      Total Liabilities and Shareholder's Equity 100% 100% 100%

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Appendix 43. The following table illustrates the Common Size Balance Sheet for 2009.

Common Size Balance Sheet 2009 Carnival Royal

Caribbean

Norwegian

Cruise

Total Current Asset 4% 6% 3%

Property and Equipment, Net 81% 84% 80%

Goodwill 9% 4% 13%

Other Assets 6% 6% 5%

      Total Assets 100% 100% 100%

Current Liabilities 13% 15% 10%

Long-Term Debt 25% 42% 53%

Other long-term liabilities 2% 2% 1%

Shareholder's Equity 60% 41% 35%

      Total Liabilities and Shareholder's Equity 100% 100% 100%

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Appendix 44. The following table illustrates the Common Size Balance Sheet for 2010.

Common Size Balance Sheet 2010 Carnival Royal

Caribbean

Norwegian

Cruise

Total Current Asset 3% 5% 2%

Property and Equipment, Net 83% 85% 83%

Goodwill 9% 4% 11%

Other Assets 6% 6% 3%

      Total Assets 100% 100% 100%

Current Liabilities 15% 17% 12%

Long-Term Debt 21% 40% 56%

Other long-term liabilities 2% 2% 1%

Shareholder's Equity 61% 40% 31%

      Total Liabilities and Shareholder's Equity 100% 100% 100%

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Appendix 45. The following table illustrates the Common Size Balance Sheet for 2011.

Common Size Balance Sheet 2011 Carnival Royal

Caribbean

Norwegian

Cruise

Total Current Asset 3% 5% 3%

Property and Equipment, Net 83% 86% 83%

Goodwill 9% 4% 11%

Other Assets 5% 6% 3%

      Total Assets 100% 100% 100%

Current Liabilities 16% 15% 15%

Long-Term Debt 21% 40% 51%

Other long-term liabilities 2% 2% 1%

Shareholder's Equity 62% 42% 33%

      Total Liabilities and Shareholder's Equity 100% 100% 100%

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Appendix 46. The following table illustrates the Common Size Balance Sheet for 2012.

Common Size Balance Sheet 2012 Carnival Royal

Caribbean

Norwegian

Cruise

Total Current Asset 5% 4% 3%

Property and Equipment, Net 82% 88% 84%

Goodwill 8% 2% 10%

Other Assets 5% 5% 3%

      Total Assets 100% 100% 100%

Current Liabilities 19% 21% 16%

Long-Term Debt 18% 35% 47%

Other long-term liabilities 2% 2% 3%

Shareholder's Equity 61% 42% 34%

      Total Liabilities and Shareholder's Equity 100% 100% 100%

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Appendix 47. The following graph illustrates the Liquidity Ratio for Carnival Cruise from 2008.

Appendix 48. The following graph illustrates the Liquidity Ratio for Carnival Cruise from 2009.

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Appendix 49. The following graph illustrates the Liquidity Ratio for Carnival Cruise from 2010.

Appendix 50. The following graph illustrates the Liquidity Ratio for Carnival Cruise from 2011.

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Appendix 51. The following graph illustrates the Liquidity Ratio for Carnival Cruise from 2012.

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Appendix 52. The following graph illustrates the Leverage Ratios for Carnival Cruise in 2008.

Appendix 53. The following graph illustrates the Leverage Ratios for Carnival Cruise in 2009.

Appendix 54. The following graph illustrates the Leverage Ratios for Carnival Cruise in 2010.

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Appendix 55. The following graph illustrates the Leverage Ratios for Carnival Cruise in 2011.

Appendix 56. The following graph illustrates the Leverage Ratios for Carnival Cruise in 2012.

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Works Cited

Annual Reports. Carnival Corporation, 5 Feb. 2012. Web. 20 Nov. 2013. <http://phx.corporate-

ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=140690&p=irol-reportsAnnual>. "Carnival Cruise

Lines." Carnival.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Nov. 2013. <http://www.carnival.com/>.

Nudd, Tim. "Carnival Cruise Lines Makes a Splash With Clever Out-of-Home Ads |

Adweek." AdWeek.com. Adweek, 1 June 2012. Web. 02 Dec. 2013.

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<http://www.adweek.com/adfreak/carnival-cruise-lines-makes-splash-clever-out-home-

ads-140873>.