Antoni Gaudi

702231 MODERN ARCHITECTURE A

Antoni Gaudi

the nineteenth century search for a style

suited to the new age

rational

incorporating new structural forms

nationalistic

emphasising colour & texture

naturalistic

non-historical

Spanish Catalonia and Catalan nationalism

ancient links with French Catalonia and Mediterranean trade

distinct Catalan dialect

separate laws and tribunals until c 1830

industrially advanced

lamp post bearing the Catalan emblemnear the zoological Museum, Barcelona, probably from

the exhibition of 1888

Miles Lewis

Casa Amatller, 41 Paseo del Gracia, by Puigi Cadafalch, 1900

Miles Lewis

Josep [José] Puig i Cadafalch(1867-1967)

Catalan nationalist

President of the Mancomuinitat

discoverer of the Premier Art Roman

author of L'Art Wisigothique

Casa Amatller, 41 Paseo del Gracia, by Josep [José] Puig i Cadafalch, 1900Casa Batlló, 43 Paseo del Gracia, the remodelling of an existing building, by Gaudi, 1905-7

Miles Lewis

Casa Batlló , 43 Paseo del Gracia, the remodelling of an existing building, by Gaudi, 1905-7

Casa Milá, 92 Paseo del Gracia, by Gaudi, 1905-10

DIPPSA slides

Lluis Domènech i Montaner(1850-1923)

Catalan nationalist

President of the Unió Catalana(or Catalan Union) in 1892

author of 'En busca de unaarquitectura nacional' - 'In

search of a national architecture'

Portrait of Domenech

Oriel Bohigas, 'Luis Domènech', in Nikolaus Pevsner & J M Richards

[eds], The Anti-Rationalists (London 1973), p 71

Hospital of S Pau [Hopital de la Santa Creu i de Sant Pau], 167-173 Avinguda de Sant Antoni Maria Claret, Barcelona, by Domènech, 1902-12: entrance pavilion

Miles Lewis

Hospital of S Pau, detail of a lamp on the staircase; interior of the library

Bohigas, 'Luis Domènech', pp 76, 77

Antonio Gaudi(1852-1926)

Catalan nationalist

son of a coppersmith

worked for José Fontseré[Josep Fontserè i Mestre]

and Juan Martorell

influenced by Viollet-le-Duc

Gaudi: photo in 1878Rainer Zerbst, Gaudí (Cologne 1988), p 12

monumental cascade in the Parque de la Ciudedela [Parc de la Ciutadella], by Fontseré and Gaudi, 1877-82

DIPPSA slide

draft designs for the Societat Obrera Mataronese, by Gaudi, 1878

Zerbst, Gaudí, pp 18-19

warehouse of the Societat ObreraMataronese, by

Gaudi, 1878

half section, showing the vertically laminated

parabolic arch

J J Sweeney & J L Sert, AntoniGaudí (London 1970 [c 1960]),

p 6

Finca Güell gatehouse and gate by Gaudi, 1884-7

MUAS 19,743

Güell gatehouse, dragon gate [or Drac de Pedralbes]Miles Lewis 1974

Güell gatehousedetail of finial

detail of dragon gateMiles Lewis

MUAS19,744

Palacio Güell [Palau Güell, 345 Carrer Nou de la Rambla, Barcelona, 1885-9cutaway isometric view and cross-section

G R Collins, 'Antonio Gaudí y Cornet', in A K Placzek [ed], Macmillan Encylopedia of Architects (4 vols, New York 1982), II, 173Sweeney & Sert, Antonio Gaudi, p 61

Palacio Güell

the façade

detail of the entrance gates.

Miles LewisMontaner, Barcelona, p 78

Palacio Güell

detail of metalwork, executed by Joan Oños

Miles Lewis

Palacio Güell

the cellars

G R Collins, Antonio Gaudí(New York 1960), pl 38

Palacio Güell, ceiling of living area, on the piano nobileCollins, Antonio Gaudi, pl 38

Palacio Güellinterior of the main salon, and view of the dome

Collins, Antonio Gaudi, pl 34Montaner, Barcelona, p 85

Palacio Güell: metalwork decoration in a bedroom; dressing tableanonymous; Collins, Antonio Gaudi, pl 101

proposed Franciscan mission for Tangier, by Gaudi, 1892-3

Collins, Antonio Gaudi, pl 44

Proposal for a hotel in New York, by Gaudi, 1908, sketch designs

Zerbst, Gaudí, pp 228-9

Episcopal palace at Astorga, by Gaudi, 1887-93, view from aboveArtfi SA no 15

Episcopal palace at Astorga: viewMiles Lewis

Episcopal palace, Astorgadetail of porch

Miles Lewis

Casa Figueras, or 'TorreBellesguard', 1900-1905

DIPPSACollins, Antonio Gaudi, pl 4

Casa Figueras

the attic

Collins, Antonio Gaudi, pl 65

Casa Battló43 Paseo del Gracia, 1905-7

view & detail

Miles Lewis

Casa Battló, the light wellsection & view

Van Hensbergen, Gaudí, p 154Montaner, Barcelona, p 98

Casa Battló, details in the light well

Perucho, An Architecture of Anticipation, pls 52, 53

Casa BattlóStaircase, and entrance

to the principal apartment

Montaner, Barcelona, p 96Collins, Antonio Gaudí, pl 82

Casa Battlóplan of the principalapartment, and viewof the dining room

Collins, Antonio Gaudí, pl 78 83

Casa Battló: view of the roofGeorge Tibbits, 1976

Casa Battló:roof details: turret, ridge and fleuron

George Tibbits, 1976Perucho, An Architecture of Anticipation, pl 65

Casa Battlóchimneys

George Tibbits, 1976

Casa Milá (‘La Pedrera’), 92 Paseo del Gracia, 1905-10Gaudi’s original elevational drawing

Collins, Antonio Gaudí, pl 87

Casa Milá, viewMiles Lewis

Casa Milá

original schematic plans or the third floor

and the basement


Casa Milá

the balconiesview & detail showing

the glass tile floor

MUAS19,746, 13,352

Casa Milá, staircase in the larger light well &detail of column head (inset)

Miles Lewis; Michel Tapié, Gaudí - La Pedrera (Barcelona 1971), pl 62

Casa Milá

interior detailof an apartment

Tapie, Gaudí, pl 80

Casa Milá

cross-sectionshowing the form

of the roof


Casa Milá: view in the attic, showing the tile ribsCollins, Antonio Gaudí, pl 94

Casa Miláviews of the roof

Collins, Antonio Gaudí, pl 8; MUAS 57

Gaudi’s funicular model for a church

inverted photo

Sweeney & Sert, Antonio Gaudi, p 80

Cripta de la ColoniaGüell [Colonia GüellChapel], 1898-1915

inverted photo of a model showing sheet calculations for

the external surfaces


Colonia GüellChapel

proposed exterior design based on a photo of the model

Zerbst, Gaudí, p 109

Colonia Güell Chapel, crypt plan & proposed church interiorCollins, Antonio Gaudí, pls 24, 61


view of the crypt

Perucho, An Architecture of

Anticipation, pl 13

Colonia Güell Chapeldetails of the crypt, with stair

MUAS 19,739Collins, Antonio Gaudí, pl 59


the windows

Sweeney & Sert, Antonio Gaudi,

pl 115

Colonia Güell Chapel

view and detail of the entry porch below the stairSert, Cripta de la Colonia Güell, pl 38.


Colonia Güell Chapelwindows

view of stair

Collins, Antonio Gaudí, pl 5; MUAS 13,341; J L Sert, Criptade la Colonia Güell de A. Gaudí (Barcelona, no date [1960s]),

pl 41; MUAS 19,727

Parque Güell [Parc Güell], 1903-1930, planSweeney & Sert, Antonio Gaudi, pl 144

Parque Güell

entrance lodge II

DIPPSA 144

Parque Güell

entrance lodge I& roof detail

DIPPSA 142MUAS 10,520

Parque Güell

main stairs

Sweeney & Sert, Antonio Gaudi, p 134

Parque Güell: the lizard fountainMiles Lewis

Parque Güellthe market hall, isometric diagram

Zerbst, Gaudí, p 142

Parque Güell, market halldetail of columns and entablature

Miles Lewis

Parque Güell, market hallinterior view & detail of ceiling

Zerbst, Gaudí, p 149Montaner, Barcelona, p 155

Parque Güell

market hallceiling detail

Le Corbusier, p 55

Parque Güell

side view of the market hall/orchestra

detail of the bench

DIPPSA 39Miles Lewis

Parque Güell

orchestra bench details

Perucho, An Architecture of Anticipation,pls 66, 73, 77

Le Corbusier, Gaudi, p 59

Parque Güell

walkway on top of the viaductdetail of a column head retaining

wall at the back of the theatre

S13,921Perucho, An Architecture of Anticipation, pl 92

Miles Lewis

Parque Güellviaduct and detail of caryatid

figure

Miles LewisDIPPSA

Sagrada Familia, Barcelonadesign by Francisca de Paula Del Villar y Carmona [Lozano], 1882

Collins, Antonio Gaudí, p 14

Sagrada Familiaapse and finials by Gaudi, 1887-1893

plan

Miles LewisSweeney & Sert, Antonio Gaudi, p 100

Sagrada Familiacentral south porch of the nativity, 1891-1903

DIPPSA 58Brian Lewis

Sagrada Familia, south porch the coronation of the VirginDIPPSA 81

Sagrada Familia, south porchthe deposition of the Virgin

detail of snow

DIPPSA 86MUAS 13,345

Sagrada Familia

sketch for the west portal

(introducing parabolic forms)

Sweeney & Sert, Antonio Gaudi,pl 89

SagradaFamilia

sketch proposal of 1906

(introducing African turrets)


Sagrada Familia

model c 1910

Miles Lewis

Schoolhouse at the Sagrada Familia,

1909

view from above

MUAS 13,915

Sagrada Familia Schoolhouse: the roof geometry

Collins, Antonio Gaudí, p 23

Sagrada Familia SchoolhouseCollins, Antonio Gaudí, pl 95

Sagrada Familia Schoolhouse: detail of the bóvedas tabicadasMUAS 13,348

Sagrada Familia

view from the south

DIPPSA 88

Sagrada Familia: details of the pinnaclesJeff Turnbull, Miles Lewis

Sagrada Familia: upper details

Miles Lewis

Sagrada Familia: detail of louvred turretMiles Lewis

Sagrada Familiaturrets & pinnacles

Miles LewisDIPPSA

Sagrada Familia

Gaudi’s drawings for the pinnacles

Sweeney & Sert,Antonio Gaudi, pl 126

GAUDI’S DECLINING YEARS

gradual withrawal from secular work

1904-14 replanning the Cathedral of Palma de Mallorca

1910 exhibition of the Societé des Beaux-Arts, Paris

1914 death of Francesc Berenguer

1918 death of Eusebio Guell

public taste turns away from the modernismo

funds run out for the Sagrada Familia

Gaudi lives as a recluse

1926 Gaudi dies

Sagrada Familia

perspective view of the design as intended at the time of Gaudi’s

death, 1926

Collins, 'Antonio Gaudí y Cornet', p 179

Sagrada Familiathe inside wall of the south transept

Miles LewisDavid Mackay, 'Berenguer', in Pevsner & Richards, The Anti-

Rationalists, p 68

Sagrada Familia

scale model for a window

Sweeney & Sert, Antonio Gaudi, pl 168

Sagrada Familiathe final designmodel & section

Collins, Antonio Gaudí, pl 24Sweeney & Sert, Antonio Gaudi, pl 101

Antonio Gaudi in the Corpus Christi procession, Barcelona, 1924Sweeney & Sert, Antonio Gaudi, pl 124

THREE POINTS ABOUT GAUDI

nineteenth century approach

creativity

rational medievalism

1GAUDI’S NINETEENTH CENTURY APPROACH

stylistic eclecticism

bold use of colour and texture

nationalism

naturalism

influenced by the standard nineteenth century writers, probably Ruskin and Morris, and certainly Viollet-le-Duc

2GAUDI’S CREATIVITY

historical sources are transfused with a new life

colour and texture exceed that of Butterfield &c

nationalism goes beyond the Catalan Gothic Revival

naturalism - evokes fundamental biological structures and geological forms

3RATIONAL MEDIEVALISM

Viollet wanted a Gothic architecture designed as he thought medieval designers WOULD have done if they had iron

Gaudi did NOT use structural iron, steel or reinforced concrete

Gaudi used traditional brick and stonemasonry, and board vaults

Gaudi designed as medieval designers COULD have done if they had used angled struts, parabolic arches and warped

surfaces

Travel

Antoni Gaudi