Chapter 3Chapter 3

Continents, Countries and Continents, Countries and CapitalsCapitals

ObjectiveObjective: understanding the major landmasses : understanding the major landmasses of the world, and gaining general insight about of the world, and gaining general insight about

the countries in the worldthe countries in the world

ContinentsContinents

The major landmasses of the world The major landmasses of the world are;are; EuropeEurope AsiaAsia AfricaAfrica North AmericaNorth America South AmericaSouth America AntarcticaAntarctica Australia/OceaniaAustralia/Oceaniahttp://go.hrw.com/atlas/norm_htm/world.htmhttp://go.hrw.com/atlas/norm_htm/world.htm

Continents by SizeContinents by Size

#1 #1 AsiaAsia - (44,579,000 sq km) - (44,579,000 sq km) #2 #2 AfricaAfrica - (30,065,000 sq km) - (30,065,000 sq km) #3 #3 North AmericaNorth America - (24,256,000 sq km) - (24,256,000 sq km) #4 #4 South AmericaSouth America - (17,819,000 sq km) - (17,819,000 sq km) #5 #5 AntarcticaAntarctica - (13,209,000 sq km) - (13,209,000 sq km) #6 Europe - (9,938,000 sq km) #6 Europe - (9,938,000 sq km) #7 Australia/Oceania - (7,687,000 sq #7 Australia/Oceania - (7,687,000 sq km) km)

http://www.graphicmaps.com/geoquiz/thelist.htmhttp://www.graphicmaps.com/geoquiz/thelist.htm

Continents by populationContinents by population

#1 #1 AsiaAsia - (3,674,000,000) - (3,674,000,000) #2 #2 AfricaAfrica - (778,000,000) - (778,000,000) #3 #3 EuropeEurope - (732,000,000) - (732,000,000) #4 #4 North AmericaNorth America - (483,000,000) - (483,000,000) #5 #5 South AmericaSouth America - (342,000,000) - (342,000,000) #6 #6 Australia/OceaniaAustralia/Oceania - (31,000,000) - (31,000,000) #7 #7 AntarcticaAntarctica - (0) - (0)

Continents by the number of Continents by the number of countriescountries

#1 #1 AfricaAfrica - (53) - (53) #3 #3 EuropeEurope - (46) - (46) #2 #2 AsiaAsia - (44) - (44) #4 #4 North AmericaNorth America - (23) - (23) #5 #5 Australia/Australia/OceaniaOceania - (14) - (14) #6 #6 South AmericaSouth America - (12) - (12)

EuropeEurope

The landmass that extends from the The landmass that extends from the Ural Mountains in Russia on the east Ural Mountains in Russia on the east and the Bosporus Strait in Turkey to and the Bosporus Strait in Turkey to the Atlantic Ocean on the west. the Atlantic Ocean on the west.

Also includes the islands/nations of Also includes the islands/nations of the United Kingdom, Ireland, Iceland the United Kingdom, Ireland, Iceland and Malta.and Malta.

httphttp://go.hrw.com/atlas/norm_htm/europe.htm://go.hrw.com/atlas/norm_htm/europe.htm

AsiaAsia

The landmass that extends from the Bosporus The landmass that extends from the Bosporus Strait in Turkey on the west, the Ural Strait in Turkey on the west, the Ural Mountains in Russia on the north and the Mountains in Russia on the north and the Suez Canal in Egypt on the south to the Suez Canal in Egypt on the south to the Pacific Ocean on the east. Pacific Ocean on the east.

Also includes islands/nations of Cyprus, Sri Also includes islands/nations of Cyprus, Sri Lanka, the Maldives, Japan, Taiwan, Indonesia Lanka, the Maldives, Japan, Taiwan, Indonesia and the Philippines. and the Philippines.

Since Europe and Asia are connected at the Since Europe and Asia are connected at the Ural Mountains, the entire landmass is called Ural Mountains, the entire landmass is called Eurasia. Eurasia.

http://go.hrw.com/atlas/norm_htm/asia.htmhttp://go.hrw.com/atlas/norm_htm/asia.htm

AfricaAfrica

The landmass bordered by the Atlantic The landmass bordered by the Atlantic Ocean on the west, the Indian Ocean on Ocean on the west, the Indian Ocean on the east, the Mediterranean Sea on the the east, the Mediterranean Sea on the north and the Red Sea and Suez Canal on north and the Red Sea and Suez Canal on the northeast.the northeast.

Includes the islands/nations of the Includes the islands/nations of the Seychelles, Comoros, Mauritius, Reunion, Seychelles, Comoros, Mauritius, Reunion, Sao Tome and Principe, Madagascar, Sao Tome and Principe, Madagascar, Cape Verde, and the Canary Islands. Cape Verde, and the Canary Islands.

http://go.hrw.com/atlas/norm_htm/africa.htmhttp://go.hrw.com/atlas/norm_htm/africa.htm

North AmericaNorth America

The landmass bordered by the The landmass bordered by the Atlantic Ocean on the east, the Atlantic Ocean on the east, the Pacific Ocean on the west, the Arctic Pacific Ocean on the west, the Arctic Ocean on the north and the nation of Ocean on the north and the nation of Colombia on the south.Colombia on the south.

Includes Greenland, Bermuda, the Includes Greenland, Bermuda, the Bahamas and the islands of the Bahamas and the islands of the Caribbean Sea.Caribbean Sea.

http://go.hrw.com/atlas/norm_htm/namerica.htmhttp://go.hrw.com/atlas/norm_htm/namerica.htm

South AmericaSouth America

The landmass bordered by the The landmass bordered by the Pacific Ocean on the west, the Pacific Ocean on the west, the Atlantic Ocean on the east and the Atlantic Ocean on the east and the nation of Panama on the north. nation of Panama on the north.

Includes the Galapagos Islands and Includes the Galapagos Islands and the Falkland Islands. the Falkland Islands.

http://go.hrw.com/atlas/norm_htm/samerica.htmhttp://go.hrw.com/atlas/norm_htm/samerica.htm

AntarcticaAntarctica

The landmass on the very southeast, bordered The landmass on the very southeast, bordered by the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans.by the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans.

The world's coldest and most inaccessible The world's coldest and most inaccessible regionregion

LLargely covered by floating pack iceargely covered by floating pack ice The Antarctic is much colder than the ArcticThe Antarctic is much colder than the Arctic,,

only inhabitants are visiting scientists. only inhabitants are visiting scientists. Various nations claim different parts of the Various nations claim different parts of the

Antarctic mainland. In 1959, twelve nations Antarctic mainland. In 1959, twelve nations signed the Antarctic Treaty and agreed that signed the Antarctic Treaty and agreed that Antarctica should be used for peaceful Antarctica should be used for peaceful purposes only. purposes only.

AustraliaAustralia

The landmass bordered by the The landmass bordered by the Indian Ocean on the west, south and Indian Ocean on the west, south and northwest; the Timor Sea, the northwest; the Timor Sea, the Arafura Sea and the Gulf of Arafura Sea and the Gulf of Carpentaria on the north; the Coral Carpentaria on the north; the Coral Sea on the east and northeast; and Sea on the east and northeast; and the Tasman Sea on the southeast. the Tasman Sea on the southeast.

http://www.atlapedia.com/online/maps/physical/Aushttp://www.atlapedia.com/online/maps/physical/Australia.htmtralia.htm

http://go.hrw.com/atlas/norm_htm/oceania.htmhttp://go.hrw.com/atlas/norm_htm/oceania.htm

Oceans of the WorldOceans of the World Oceans cover 70% of the Earth’s surface.Oceans cover 70% of the Earth’s surface. They affect the weather and temperature by They affect the weather and temperature by

absorbing the heat (solar radiation) coming from absorbing the heat (solar radiation) coming from the sun.the sun.

All oceans on earth are connected to each other. All oceans on earth are connected to each other. There are four oceans: the There are four oceans: the Pacific Pacific (the biggest (the biggest

and the deepest), and the deepest), AtlanticAtlantic, , IndianIndian and and ArcticArctic (the smallest). In 2000, another is labeled as the (the smallest). In 2000, another is labeled as the Southern OceanSouthern Ocean (surrounds Antarctica, really (surrounds Antarctica, really the southern portion of the Atlantic and Pacific the southern portion of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans).Oceans).http://http://www.enchantedlearning.comwww.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/ocean//subjects/ocean/

Island GroupsIsland Groups

Islands are generally associated with the Islands are generally associated with the nearest continent to them, except the islands in nearest continent to them, except the islands in the Pacific Ocean. The islands in the Pacific the Pacific Ocean. The islands in the Pacific Ocean are collectively referred to as “Oceania” Ocean are collectively referred to as “Oceania” (the continent of Australia is also included in (the continent of Australia is also included in Oceania).Oceania).

Islands especially in warm climates attracts Islands especially in warm climates attracts travelers. Some are visited as part of a travel to travelers. Some are visited as part of a travel to a mainland country (such as the Greek islands a mainland country (such as the Greek islands when traveled to Greece), some are when traveled to Greece), some are destinations themselves. The most popular are destinations themselves. The most popular are in the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean.in the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean.

CaribbeanCaribbean

Caribbean islands are the islands in the Caribbean islands are the islands in the Caribbean Sea. They do not include the Caribbean Sea. They do not include the Bahamas and Bermuda.Bahamas and Bermuda.

AntillesAntilles: another name for the Caribbean : another name for the Caribbean Islands.Islands.

Great AntillesGreat Antilles: the largest ones including : the largest ones including Cuba, Hispaniola (countries of Haiti and the Cuba, Hispaniola (countries of Haiti and the Dominican Republic), Jamaica and Puerto Rico.Dominican Republic), Jamaica and Puerto Rico.

Lesser AntillesLesser Antilles: those Caribbean islands not : those Caribbean islands not among the Greater Antilles.among the Greater Antilles.

http://www.unspoiledislands.com/sunscribers/maps/map.http://www.unspoiledislands.com/sunscribers/maps/map.cfmcfm

PacificPacific

PolynesiaPolynesia: includes the islands within the : includes the islands within the triangle of Hawaii, New Zealand and Eastern triangle of Hawaii, New Zealand and Eastern Island. It does not include Fiji, though it Island. It does not include Fiji, though it includes Tuvalu. The term “Polynesia” means includes Tuvalu. The term “Polynesia” means many islands.many islands.

MelanesiaMelanesia: the islands from New Guinea to : the islands from New Guinea to Fiji and New Caledonia.Fiji and New Caledonia.

MicronesiaMicronesia: the islands in the western : the islands in the western Pacific, including islands from Palau to Pacific, including islands from Palau to Kiribati, the Marshalls and Nauru. The term Kiribati, the Marshalls and Nauru. The term “Micronesia” means small islands.“Micronesia” means small islands.

httphttp://www.mapsouthpacific.com/pacific/index.html://www.mapsouthpacific.com/pacific/index.html

Major Mountain RangesMajor Mountain Ranges

Rockies;Rockies; North American range running from North American range running from Alaska to Mexico. It covers the Sierra Nevada Alaska to Mexico. It covers the Sierra Nevada range between California and Nevada.range between California and Nevada.

Sierra Madre (Occidental);Sierra Madre (Occidental); the the continuation of the Rockies, runs through continuation of the Rockies, runs through Mexico in the north-south direction. Mexico in the north-south direction.

Andes;Andes; a South American mountain chain, a South American mountain chain, running in a north-south direction, primarily running in a north-south direction, primarily in Ecuador, Bolivia, Peru, Chile and in Ecuador, Bolivia, Peru, Chile and Argentina.Argentina.

http://http://www.eduplace.com/ss/maps/pdf/americas_phys.pdfwww.eduplace.com/ss/maps/pdf/americas_phys.pdf

Alps;Alps; a European mountain chain running a European mountain chain running in an east-west direction, primarily in in an east-west direction, primarily in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, France, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, France, Italy and Slovenia.Italy and Slovenia.

Himalaya;Himalaya; An Asian mountain chain An Asian mountain chain running in an east-west direction, running in an east-west direction, primarily in China (Tibet), Bhutan, Nepal, primarily in China (Tibet), Bhutan, Nepal, India, and Pakistan.India, and Pakistan.

http://http://www.eduplace.com/ss/maps/pdf/world_phys.pdfwww.eduplace.com/ss/maps/pdf/world_phys.pdf

(also see the world map on page 5 of your (also see the world map on page 5 of your course book)course book)

Countries of the WorldCountries of the World

According to UN, there are 191 countries in According to UN, there are 191 countries in the world (excluding the Vatican City).the world (excluding the Vatican City).

There are 193 countries (including Taiwan There are 193 countries (including Taiwan and the Vatican City).and the Vatican City).

Places commonly confused as being Places commonly confused as being countries include Puerto Rico, countries include Puerto Rico, Bermuda, , and and Greenland.

httphttp://geography.about.com/library/weekly/aa091399.ht://geography.about.com/library/weekly/aa091399.htmm

The countries of the World and their CapitalsThe countries of the World and their Capitalshttp://geography.about.com/library/misc/blnationalcaphttp://geography.about.com/library/misc/blnationalcapitals.htmitals.htm

Countries in Europe Countries in Europe and their Capitalsand their Capitals

IcelandIceland IrelandIreland United KingdomUnited Kingdom PortugalPortugal SpainSpain FranceFrance NorwayNorway SwedenSweden FinlandFinland

ReykjavikReykjavik

DublinDublin

LondonLondon

LisbonLisbon

MadridMadrid

ParisParis

OsloOslo

StockholmStockholm

HelsinkiHelsinki

DenmarkDenmark NetherlandsNetherlands BelgiumBelgium LuxembourgLuxembourg GermanyGermany SwitzerlandSwitzerland LiechtensteinLiechtenstein ItalyItaly MonacoMonaco AustriaAustria Czech RepublicCzech Republic

CopenhagenCopenhagen

AmsterdamAmsterdam

BrusselsBrussels

LuxembourgLuxembourg

BerlinBerlin

BernBern

VaduzVaduz

RomeRome

Monte CarloMonte Carlo

ViennaVienna

PragPrag

HungaryHungary PolandPoland SlovakiaSlovakia CroatiaCroatia Bosnia and Bosnia and

HerzegovinaHerzegovina AlbaniaAlbania The Former The Former

Yugoslav Rep. of Yugoslav Rep. of MacedoniaMacedonia

EstoniaEstonia LatviaLatvia LithuaniaLithuania

BudapestBudapest

WarsawWarsaw

BratislavaBratislava

ZagrebZagreb

SarajevoSarajevo

TiranaTirana

SkopjeSkopje

TallinnTallinn

RigaRiga

VilniusVilnius

BelarusBelarus UkraineUkraine RomaniaRomania BulgariaBulgaria GreeceGreece MoldovaMoldova MaltaMalta RussiaRussia SloveniaSlovenia Serbia and Serbia and

MontenegroMontenegro AndorraAndorra

MinskMinsk

KievKiev

BucharestBucharest

SofiaSofia

AthensAthens

ChisinauChisinau

VallettaValletta

MoscowMoscow

LjubljanaLjubljana

BelgradeBelgrade

Andorra La VellaAndorra La Vella

http://www.eduplace.com/ss/maps/pdf/eur_country.http://www.eduplace.com/ss/maps/pdf/eur_country.pdfpdf

Geography Game: Geography Game: httphttp://www.nationalgeographic.com/geospy://www.nationalgeographic.com/geospy//

Countries in Asia Countries in Asia

http://www.eduplace.com/ss/maps/pdf/asia_pacific.http://www.eduplace.com/ss/maps/pdf/asia_pacific.pdfpdf

Countries in AfricaCountries in Africa

http://www.eduplace.com/ss/maps/pdf/afr_asia_pol.http://www.eduplace.com/ss/maps/pdf/afr_asia_pol.pdfpdf

Countries in North Countries in North AmericaAmerica

http://www.eduplace.com/ss/maps/pdf/n_america.phttp://www.eduplace.com/ss/maps/pdf/n_america.pdfdf

Countries in South Countries in South AmericaAmerica

http://www.eduplace.com/ss/maps/pdf/s_america.pdhttp://www.eduplace.com/ss/maps/pdf/s_america.pdff

Countries in OceaniaCountries in Oceania

http://www.eduplace.com/ss/maps/pdf/http://www.eduplace.com/ss/maps/pdf/se_asia_pac_pol.pdfse_asia_pac_pol.pdf