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Whether you think you can, or you think you can't--you're right.
Henry Ford
Travel Agencies and Tour Operators
An Introduction
Objectives
• Define the role of the travel agency and tour operators in the tourism industry.
• Identify the difference between travel agencies and tour operators.
• Outline their major functions.
The Tourism Industry
Tourism Product
Business Sector
Non Profit Sector
Government
Sector
Goods and Services
Business Sector
• Lodging Facilities• Transportation Services• Food and Beverage Operations• Retail Business• Activities and Events• Travel Trade
Travel and Tour AgencyAn entity engaged in the business of extending to individuals or groups:• travel services and assistance to include documentation, ticketing, booking for transportation and/or accommodation; arrangements•handling and/or conduct of tours within our outside the Philippines
whether or not for a fee, commission or any form of monetary consideration (Tourism Code of 1980).
Travel Agency
A commercial enterprise where a traveler can secure information and expertise, get impartial counseling and make arrangements to travel by air, sea or land to any point in the world.
Traditional Linkage
Traditional Linkage
Independent from
suppliers
Traditionally…
• Travel agency acts as an agent for different suppliers that cater to the need of the travelers.
• Travel agency reacts to the needs of the traveler while acting as an agent for the supplier.
• The agency earns income in the form of rate-minus or net-plus.
Rate Minus and Net Plus
Suppose a passenger comes to you and would like to visit Paris.The cost of a MNL-PAR-MNL ticket via TG is USD 1,000.00 per ticket.
Rate MinusTicket Price: USD 1,000.00Commission: 7% of the ticket priceTA’s income: USD 70.00Payable to TG USD930.00
Rate Minus and Net Plus
Suppose TG gave you a special rate of USD900.00 per MNL-PAR-MNL ticket.
Net PlusTicket Net Price: USD 900.00TA’s Mark Up: USD 100.00TA’s income: USD 100.00Payable to TG USD 900.00
With the introduction of the internet, do you think
travel agents will lose their jobs?
Travel Management Companies
• TMCs become vendors and principal selling travel services and solutions.
• TMCs form a tripartite alliance where all partners (suppliers and consumers) are treated equally.
• TMCs become partner to both suppliers and consumers.
• TMCs evaluates the consumer’s preferences and the suppliers’ assets to determine the best travel arrangements.
The Emerging Linkage
Suppliers
Consumer
Travel Management Companies
Suppose a passenger would like to visit Singapore. He
checked the internet for the airlines, hotels and activities
and other information.
He then call the TMC to request for a proposal. The
TMC will now prepare a proposal that will me the requirement of the client.
The Emerging Linkage
Suppliers
Traveler
TMC
Client will choose from different proposals given. If acceptable the client and
TMC will agree on professional fee.
TMC manages the client’s needs while capitalizing on
the available suppliers so as to have a win-win situation for
all the 3 parties involved.
Functions of Travel Management Companies
Provides information and expertise.
The initial exchange of information is important
because it is during this time the travel consultant can
accurately assess the needs and requirements of the
client.
The travel consultant must be knowledgeable in order to provide the information needed by
the client.
Functions of Travel Management Companies
Recommends destinations, products and services best fitted to the needs of the client.
There are two airlines flying to LA. One is a direct flight, arriving evening, same day
and the other is with a stopover in Narita arriving
afternoon of same day. Since you would like to arrive early, I would suggest that you take
the second option.
Functions of Travel Management Companies
Provide assistance in securing travel documents.
Functions of Travel Management Companies
Process travel arrangements.
Processing travel
arrangements means:
Reservation and Confirmation
A reservation is a request made to any supplier for a particular service (i.e. ticket, hotel room). All reservations are subject to availability.
A confirmation is a written reply from the supplier that the reservation for a particular service is accepted and will be delivered to the client by the supplier.
Functions of Travel Management Companies
Assist in cases of refunds and cancellations.
If claims are legitimate.
Sources of Revenues of TMCs
• Negotiated handling fee (cost plus)
• Fixed commission (Rate minus) or Mark Up (Net plus)
• Service fees for other service/s
• Production incentives and rebates.
Characteristics of TMCs
• Retailer
• Counselor to the end-user, agent/intermediary for the suppliers
• Derives revenues from fixed commission or professional fees
• Charges fees for ancillary services
Tour Operators
Assemble accommodation, transportation, and other travel services into a package for resale through travel agents.
Tour Operators
Responsible for the operation of all facets of the tour.
Tour Operators
Many tour operators own and operate tourist transportation units and provide a tour escorts and guides.
Tour Operators
Tour Operators are usually called Destination
Management Companies (DMCs).
In the Philippines, most of the TMCs
expand their services into tour
operations.
Functions of Tour Operators
Conceptualize, plan and develop tour packages.
Tailor made packages (Ad hoc)
Based on specific client’s needs
Functions of Tour Operators
Conceptualize, plan and develop tour packages.
Regular Packages
Based on perceived needs of market
Functions of Tour Operators
Negotiates with suppliers of travel services.
Suppliers
Special Rates
Special conditions
Functions of Tour Operators
Assemble and integrate the various travel components into a single tour package.
Airline
Hotel
Activities & other services
Tour Package
Functions of Tour Operators
Delivers the tour package.
• Overseeing the operation of the tour.
Sources of Revenues of Tour Operators
• Variable mark up
• Sales of optional tours, excursions and extensions
• Shopping commissions
Characteristics of Tour Operators
• Wholesalers
• Intermediary and integrator
• Income is variable
• Generates additional income from sales of optional tours, excursions and extensions.