Seminar Report On

Presented ByJadhav Vinayak Alias Nikhil Dadaso

Class:-B.E. ETRX Roll no:-29Group no.:-10

Under the Guidance of

Prof. Mrs. M. U. Phutane

Outline Origin of name ZigBee Introduction :-What is ZigBee? General characteristics of ZigBee Research on ZigBee Market Requirements How ZigBee Works? Basic block diagram What is ZigBee Alliance? ZigBee Protocol Overview

i. Different Node Types in a ZigBee Network

ii. Different Network Topology in a ZigBee Network

iii. ZigBee / IEEE 802.15.4 Protocol Stack Architecture

How is ZigBee related to IEEE 802.15.4?Wireless technology comparison chartApplicationsZigBee – Highly ReliableZigBee – Highly SecureAdvantages of ZigBeeConclusionReferences

Origin Of Name ZigBee The domestic honeybee, a colonial insect, lives in a hive that

contains a queen, a few male drones, and thousands of worker bees.

The survival, success, and future of the colony is dependent upon continuous communication of vital information between every member of the colony.

The technique that honey bees use to communicate new-found food sources to other members of the colony is referred to as the ZigBee principle.

Using this silent, but powerful communication system, whereby the bee dances in a zig-zag pattern, she is able to share information such as the location, distance, and direction of a newly discovered food source to her fellow colony members.

Instinctively implementing the ZigBee Principle, bees around the world industriously sustain productive hives and foster future generations of colony members.

Introduction

What is ZigBee ?

ZigBee is a Ad-hoc networking technology for Low Rate –Wireless Personal Area Networks(LR-WPAN).

Based On IEEE 802.15.4 standard that defines the Physical(PHY) and Medium Access Control(Mac) Layers for ZigBee.

The wireless mesh networking standard for monitoring & control system.

Intended for 2.45 Ghz , 868 Mhz and 915 Mhz Band.

Low in cost & power consumption as compared to competing technologies.

Simple (self-configuring), Reliable & robust (self-healing) & Flexible (mesh topology) with high Security (built-in cryptography).

Intended to network inexpensive devices .

Data rates touch 250Kbps for 2.45Ghz Global Band ,40 Kbps for 915Mhz North American band and 20Kbps for 868Mhz European band.

General Characteristics Of ZigBee

Data rates of 20 kbps and up to 250 kbps Star or Peer-to-Peer network topologies 255 devices per network Support for Low Latency Devices Carriers Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance(CSMA-CA )

Channel Access Fully handshake protocol for transfer reliability Low Power Usage consumption 3 Frequencies bands with 27 channels Extremely low duty-cycle (<0.1%)

Research on Zigbee The IEEE standard 802.15.4 was completed in May 2003. The zigbee specifications were ratified on 14 December 2004. The zigbee alliance announced public availability on 13 June

2005.

Papers: Time Synchronization for ZigBee Networks ZigBee: “Wireless Control That Simply Works” Journal of Neuroengineering and Rehabilitation Development of Ubiquitous Sensor Network Wireless Technologies for Data Acquisition SystemsMuch research is still going on with zigbee in various fields……….

Market Requirements Global licence free Industrial, Scientific and Medical(ISM) band

operation Unrestricted geographic use Automatic/semi-automatic installation Ability to add or remove devices Possible voice support 10k-115.2kbps data throughput 10-75m coverage range (home/garden) Support for 32-255 nodes Support for 4 critical devices 4-100 co-located networks 0.5-2 year battery life Up to 5m/sec. (18kmph) permitted mobility

How ZigBee Works?1.It works on digital radio networks via direct-sequence spread spectrum

coding.

2.Operate on ISM band.

3.ZigBee-compliant radios may operate on one of three different radio

bands: the 868 MHz,2.4GHz or 5.8 GHz frequencies.

Basic Block diagram

UART Data Flow

System Data Flow Diagram in a UART‐interfaced environment

What is ZigBee Alliance?

An organization with a mission to define reliable, cost effective, low-power, wirelessly networked, monitoring and control products based on an open global standard.

Alliance provides interoperability, certification testing, and branding.

ZigBee Protocol Overview

Node Types

Network Topology

Protocol Stack Architecture

ZigBee Protocol Overview Different Node Types in a ZigBee Network

Full Function Device (FFD): Can communicate with every type of device. A FFD can operate in three different modes:

1. PAN Coordinator: Sends beacon frames, provides routing information, manages short, network-specific addresses.

2. Coordinator: Acts as router.3. Normal device.

Reduced Function Device (RFD): Can only talk to a single FFD.

ZigBee Protocol Overview Different Network Topology in a ZigBee NetworkStar NetworkIn the star topology, the PAN coordinator chooses a unique (withinits radio sphere of influence) PAN id. All attached nodes can onlytalk to the central PAN coordinator.

ZigBee Protocol Overview Different Network Topology in a ZigBee NetworkPeer-to-Peer NetworkWithin a peer-to-peer topology, each FFD can communicate withany other device within its range. A RFD may only communicatewith a single FFD at a given time.

ZigBee Protocol Overview Different Network Topology in a ZigBee NetworkMulti-Cluster NetworkLarger networks may be established by forming multi-cluster topologies. Each cluster has a single cluster head that is responsible for coordination within the cluster.

ZigBee Protocol Overview ZigBee / IEEE 802.15.4 Protocol Stack ArchitectureThe IEEE 802.15.4 standard describes the physical and MAC layer.ZigBee builds on the IEEE standard and defines the network and application layer.

ZigBee Protocol Overview Physical(PHY) LayerThe physical layer is responsible for:a) Activation/Deactivation of transceiver.b) Channel selection, assessment.c) Transmission and reception of packets.d) Frequency bands: 2.4 GHz (worldwide), 868 MHz (EU),

916MHz(US)

Medium Access Control(MAC) LayerThe following services are provided by the MAC layer:a) Beacon managementb) Channel accessc) Guaranteed Time Slot (GTS) managementd) Frame validatione) Acknowledgmentf) Association, disassociation

ZigBee Protocol OverviewNetwork(NWK) LayerThe lower level of the ZigBee protocol builds on the MAC layer ofIEEE 802.15.4.

Topology specific routing Security New device configuration Network startup Joining/leaving a network Addressing Neighbour discovery Route discovery Reception control

ZigBee Protocol OverviewApplication LayerThe application layer provides the following services:

Maintain tables for binding Fragmentation, reassembly and reliable data transport Provide communication endpoints for the application Discovering devices and application services. Initiating/responding to binding requests between

endpointsAddressing

Each ZigBee node has a unique 64 bit MAC address Additionally the Coordinator maintains a table to map

the 64 bit addresses to network-specific 16 bit addresses Within each node, the application can define up to 240

Application endpoints.

How is ZigBee related to IEEE 802.15.4?

ZigBee takes full advantage of a powerful physical radio specified by IEEE 802.15.4

ZigBee adds logical network, security and application software

ZigBee continues to work closely with the IEEE to ensure an integrated and complete solution for the market

Standard Bandwidth Protocol Stack Size

Stronghold Applications

ZigBee 250kbps 4-32KB Long battery life, low cost

Remote control, battery-operated products, sensors

Bluetooth 1 Mbps ~100+KB cable replacement

Wireless USB, handset, headset

Wi-Fi Up to 54Mbps 100+KB High data range Internet browsing, PC networking, file transfers

WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY COMPARISON CHART

ZigBee Vs. Bluetooth

ApplicationsHome Entertainment and Control :-Home automation ,smart lighting,advanced temperature control, safety and security, movies and music

Wireless sensor networks :- Starting with individual sensors like Telosb/Tmote and Iris from Memsic

Industrial control

Embedded sensing

Medical data collection

Smoke and intruder warning

Building automation

ZigBee – Highly Reliable Mesh and tree networking protocol provides

redundant paths

Automatic retries and acknowledgements

Broadcast delivery scheme ensures reliablebroadcasts across the network

Parents keep track of messages for sleepingChildren

High intrinsic interference tolerance

Multiple channels Frequency agility Robust modulation

ZigBee – Highly SecureUtilizes Advanced Encryption Standard(AES) 128-bit

encryption

Concept of a “trust center”

Link and network keys

Authentication and encryption

Security can be customized for the application

Keys can be “hard-wired” into application

Advantages of ZigBee Reliable and self healing

Supports large number of nodes

Easy to deploy

Very long battery life

Secure

Low cost

Can be used globally

Conclusion ZigBee will play a vital role in the mass adoption of cost effective, low power, mesh networking technology for monitoring and control applications, based on an open global standard. Near Future more flexibility and cost savings for consumers and greater control over household appliances. Used for campus-wide electrical and security systems from a single computer. In future all devices and their controls will be

based on this standard.Since Wireless personal Area Networking applies not only to household devices, but also to individualized office automation applications, ZigBee is here to stay. It is more than likely the basis of future home networking solutions………

• IEEE® 802.15.4 OEM RF Modules by MaxStream, Inc. • http://www.ember.com• SPZB32W SeriesofIEEE 802.15.4 RF Modules ,by Gabriel Uribe 28 September

2011• http://www.zigbee.org/en/about/faq.asp• http://www.zigbee.org/en/resources/#SlidePresentations• [ZigBee / IEEE 802.15.4 draft 18]• http://www.technologyreview.com/articles/04/08/wo_brown081904.asp• file://Seminar%20Zigbee/PowerPoint%20Presentations%20Of%20Electronics

%20And%20Communication%20Engineering%20_%20PowerPoint%20Presentations.htm

• http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-zigbee.htm?referrer=adwords_campaign=zigbee_ad=013761&_content_kw=what%20is%20zigbee

• http://www.zigbee.org/resources/documents/IWAS_presentation_Mar04_Designing_with_802154_and_zigbee.ppt

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZigBee• http://www.zigbee.org/imwp/idms/popups/pop_download.asp?ContentID=7092• http://www.zigbee.org/en/spec_download/download_request.asp

References