Upload
mrjtpants
View
3.012
Download
3
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
class lecture
Citation preview
James Sunderland 2007
Participation in Occupation 1BT230001
Lecture Four: Technology, Work and Leisure
James Sunderland 2007
Introduction
• Traditional notions of work, labour and play/leisure• Technology, labour, work, culture and the exponential
nature of change• Challenges to the boundaries of work and leisure• The benefits and challenges of wireless connection and
working in ‘cyber space’ (information, environment and proximity)
• Technology leading culture (norms and etiquette)• Implications for OT practice• Nathan’s example
James Sunderland 2007
Labour
….is the activity which corresponds to the biological process of the human body, whose spontaneous growth, metabolism, and eventual decay are bound to the vital necessities produced and fed into the life process by labour. The human condition of labour is life itself. (Arendt, 1958, p.7)
James Sunderland 2007
Work:
Activity producing an enduring object. Work requires self-investment, skill, craft and personal judgment. Work is purposeful and meaningful. Work is distinct from labour and must be discovered independently from one’s job.
T.F.Green (1968)
James Sunderland 2007
“Throughout the ages it has been held that leisure is the basis of culture. This view can be found in the Old Testament and in Plato, in Burk, Marx, Veblen, and in T.S. Eliot. Whether they were glad for it or sad, people seem to have always taken it for granted that in order to have culture one must first have leisure. Applicable to society as well as to individuals, this rule was put concisely by Dr Johnson as follows: “All intellectual improvement arises from leisure; all leisure arise from one working for another.” (Kuic, V. 1992, p.436)
James Sunderland 2007
So…What is the link between Technology, Work, Labour and
Leisure?
James Sunderland 2007
Technological development ‘in the western world’
James Sunderland 2007
(Seidensticker, B. 2006. p.111)
James Sunderland 2007
Maslow's Hierarchy of NeedsAbraham Maslow, Motivation and Personality, 2nd ed., Harper & Row, 1970
James Sunderland 2007
(Seidensticker, B. 2006. p.111)
James Sunderland 2007
Why do people join online communities?
Peter Kollock (1999)
• Anticipated reciprocity
• Increased Recognition
• Sense of Efficacy
• Sense of Community
James Sunderland 2007
How has information technology effected how we participate in
work and leisure?
James Sunderland 2007
Technology and the work role/identity
Some would say technology has provided us with more efficiency. We can get through larger amounts of work. Numerous tasks have been automated and information has become more accessible. However to say this is to simplify the effects of technology. As we have discussed in previous lectures the introduction of technology into an environment always produces effects, some that are not foreseen.
James Sunderland 2007
Questions
• A decrease in the use but not value of the ‘hand crafted’. The automation of our roles and the reduction of reliance on skill
• Reduction in the human connection. Simplification or automation of communications.
• Change and adaptation to role
• Lack of security
James Sunderland 2007
Clarity of boundaries between work and leisure
Digital technology, particularly the wireless variety, can now take us anywhere we want to go. It is possible to sit in a tramping hut in the Southern Alps and still essentially have the same access to information we would have if we were sitting in front of our computer at work. There is an argument that this has provided us with greater freedom, and in many respects it has however a number of points need to be considered regarding the flexibility and information access offered by digital technologies. Is this flexibility beneficial to our work and play?
James Sunderland 2007
Questions?
• To what extent are we knowledge workers in our jobs and leisure
• Can technology replicate the degree of human contact we require in our jobs and hobbies
• How important is the physical environment/space we work and play in?
• Do we always go to technology or does it come to us?
• Where do the boundaries exist between work and leisure time?
James Sunderland 2007
Technology leading culture
The prevalence of wireless gadgets and networks is changing how people interact with one another. Social plans are made later in the day; conversations happen more frequently but with more brevity, and expectations evolve.
James Sunderland 2007
Leisure the role of digital technology
• Technology as a supplement to life• Access to people with similar interest online• Sources of information are multiple. We can
investigate and explore our interests with more ease
• Games and technology verse reasons for engagement and enjoyment. Is technology necessary in the process.
• Technology and dysfunction. 2nd lives overtaking 1st lives
James Sunderland 2007
How does this relate to OT• Activity as core, manipulation of contexts• Choosing our tools• Questioning process• Working in systems• Being prepared to adapt and change• Asking the right questions of our clients,
funders, employers, families• Huge benefits exist but there are risks• Can digital tech replace or replicate all real
world process, or is a useful addition?
James Sunderland 2007
Arendt, H. (1958). The human condition. Chicago: Chicago University Press.
Green, T. F. (1968). Work, leisure and the American schools. New York: Random House.
Work, Leisure and Culture Vukan Kuic. The review of politics, Vol. 43, No. 3 (Jul., 1981), pp. 436-465
Seidensticker, B. (2006). Future hype: the myths of technology change. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler
Publishers, Inc
James Sunderland 2007
The next couple of weeks
• This weeks tutorials
• Next weeks tutorials
• Adaptive Technology week (reading)
• Your assignments