WHO & UNICEFToolkit for Monitoring & Evaluating

Household Water Treatmentand Safe Storage

IRC Symposium: Monitoring Sustainable WASH Service DeliveryAddis Ababa, Ethiopia

April 9-11, 2013

Ryan RoweWater Institute at UNC

Improving access to safe water

Unserved Urban Rural Rural piped

supplies

Urban piped

supplies + weak

regulation

Urban supplies +

strong regulation

Collect water from unprotected sources

Collect water from protected sources

away from home

Collect water from protected sources

away from home

Water piped into house/onto plot; supply may be irregular, quality may be compromised

(developed countries)

0.8 billion people

0.7 billion people

1.7 billion

people

1.2 billion people

1.8 billion 0.8 billion people

Looking closer UNIMPROVED | IMPROVED | PIPED

Unserved Urban Rural Rural piped

supplies

Urban piped

supplies + weak

regulation

Urban supplies +

strong regulation

Collect water from unprotected sources

Collect water from protected sources

away from home

Collect water from protected sources

away from home

Water piped into house/onto plot; supply may be irregular, quality may be compromised

(developed countries)

0.8 billion people

0.7 billion people

1.7 billion

people

1.2 billion people

1.8 billion 0.8 billion people

Facilitating access to higher levels of service for households

Interim Household water Treatment and Safe Storage

Improved system reliability, safety

Who really needs HWTS?

•Water safety plans – example?

Starting points

• Target those at high risk (cholera)

• People living with HIV (crypto)

• Safe water plus nutrition

• School-based WASH

• Emergency response

• Huge unmet need

• Need knowledge of failures & successes

• Improve quality and comparability of data

• Harmonise activities by governments, donors, researchers, practitioners

Motivation for toolkit

Publ

ishe

d in

Oct

ober

201

2

Correct and consistent use / Effective useneeded for health impact

Challenges in achieving full benefit

Chart source:Brown & Clasen, 2012.

• Purpose of HWTS and proven methods

• Designing and conducting M&E activities

• Choosing and using 20 harmonised indicators

• Case studies from the field

• Annexes

– Example surveys and sanitation safety plan forms– Links and resources for program design, implementation– Water quality monitoring field test options

Uses for the toolkit

Focus is NOT on health impact which requires careful selection of comparison group, rigorous data collection and review, complicated statistics.

Focus is on outputs and outcomes.

Measure outputs & outcomes

20 recommended indicators

• Research-tested, common sense, stakeholder reviewed

• Sample survey available in the toolkit

• Mix and match according to your needs and constraints

• Self-reported data not as reliable– Did you do anything to make the water safer

to drink? How … ?

• Confirm through direct observation – Ask to see the treatment method, stored

water; Is the device wet?

• % households with REPORTED, OBSERVED use provides a more reliable indicator of level of uptake

Tufts/ D Lantange

Reported and observed use

• Knowing not always doing – habits hard to change!– Do they know how to treat? Where do they draw their water?

What about vulnerable members of household?

• Confirm through demonstrated use

• % households with CORRECT, CONSISTENT suggests knowledge and behaviour change

• Multi-step products require additional training and support (Lantagne & Clasen, 2012) but may be more effective

Correct and consistent use

• Added element of objectivity and measure of risk

• Common parameters– Turbidity, chlorine residual, bacterial

indicators (e.g. presence/absence of E.coli or TTC), arsenic, fluoride

• Use field-proven and performance tested methods!

• % of households with EFFECTIVE use derived from measuring water quality before and after

Assessing water quality

Tufts/ D Lantange

Tufts/ D Lantange

14

Deciding which indicators to use

Interpreting data, share lessons

What works, what does not?

Share results for feedback and improvement

Correct, consistent and effective use can reasonably be linked to health impact

WHO/ M Montgomery

WHO & UNICEF International Network onHousehold Water Treatment and Safe Storage

Join 140 organisations and 1400 people – free membership!Learn more: http://www.who.int/household_water/en

Subscribe: hwtsnetwork@unc.edu

For hands-on practice, join our workshop!

Correct and Consistent Use / Effective Use20 recommended indicators

Integrating M&E in program design and implementation

This Friday, 9am-12:30pm, IBEXCoffee, tea, snacks, water, notepads, pens providedAll participants will receive a printed, bound toolkit.

Effective M&E of HWTS

Thank you. Ameseginalehu. Questions?

Acknowledgements: Aquaya, Daniele Lantagne (Tufts), Maggie Montgomery

(WHO)

Download the toolkit: http://www.who.int/household_water/en

Join the Networkhwtsnetwork@unc.edu