R F I DRadio Frequency Identification

Outline

• RFID Overview

• RFID and the Supply Chain

• Current Uses

• Future Direction

• Corporate Examples

04/09/2023

What is RFID?

• A technology that employs a microchip with an

antenna that broadcasts its unique identifier and

location to receivers.

• Employs a microchip called a smart tag,

broadcasts unique 96-bit identifier to receiver.

• Receiver relays the data to a computer.

History

• Invented in 1935

– RFID technology has its roots in radar.

• 1939– IFF Transponder– Used by allies in WWII

• 1945

– Leon Theremin

– Espionage tool for the Soviet government.

History Cont.• 1960’s

– Electronic article surveillance (EAS) tags

– To discourage and detect theft• 1973

– Claims U.S. patent was first true ancestor• 1980

– Retail– Use of RFID in tracking and access applications

appeared– Price, color, date of purchase

RFID

• Radio Frequency Identification

• Automatic Identification Method

– Stores and Retrieves Data using Tags or

Transponders

• Can be attached or incorporated

• Contains Silicon Chips and Antennas

– Receive and Respond to Radio Frequency

Queries from Transceiver.

RFID Tags

• Contains two main parts:– Silicon chips– Antennas

• Components enable tags to receive and respond to radio frequencies queries from RFID transceivers.

• Three types:– Passive– Semi-Passive– Active

RFID – Tag Types

• Passive- No Internal Power Supply - Quite Small in Size.

• The smallest device can be measured at 0.15mm * 0.15mm.

- Most Common

04/09/2023

RFID – Tag Types

• Semi Passive

– Similar to passive tags, with the addition

of a small battery

– Battery powers the integrated circuit

– Bigger, Longer Range, Limited Life

RFID – Tag Types

• Active- Internal Power Supply- Typically Beacon Tags

- Transmit their tag data and ID at a predetermined fixed interval

- Response Tags: Only respond when an active RFID reader requests the tags to transmit

RFID Design Approaches

• Two fundamentally different RFID design

approaches

• Exist for transferring power from the reader to the

tag:

1. Magnetic induction

2. Electro Magnetic wave capture.

• These two designs take advantage of EM

properties associated with an RF antenna – the

near field and the far field.

Supply chains and inventory

• Locating Inventory in

Stock

• Information Storage

Capabilities

• Less Error

Supply chains and inventory• Tracking Knowledge• Safety and Security

RFID – Current ApplicationsManufacturing Pharmaceuticals  Airlines

Restaurants Toll Road Retails

RFID – Current ApplicationsGovernment Corporate,

Municipal Credit Card

Banks People Tracking Animal Identification

RFID – Current ApplicationsSeaports Blood Banks Security, Access

Control

RFID – Hospitals

• Track equipment

• Patient locator/information storage

• Doctor locator

• Restrict access to drugs and other materials

RFID - Military

• Tracking wounded during war

• Following personnel movement during training exercises

• Improving movement and tracking of supplies

• Identifying vehicles and shipments as being either military or non-military

RFID - what does this mean for customers?

Today:

• Full shelves

Tomorrow:

• Product make-up

• Ease stock keeping, shopping and cooking

• Increased product safety

• Exchange convince

RFID - what does this mean for retailers?

Today:• Inventory control• Decreased manual handling• Increased sales & long-term market share

Tomorrow:• Increased theft protection• Reduced spoil• Significantly reduced inventory measures• Counterfeit protection

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Future Direction

• It will provide larger memory capacities

• Wider reading ranges.

• Faster processing speed.

• Provide technology in less cost.

• More effective anti-collision techniques.

RFID - Smart-shelf system

RFID - wal-mart

• Wal-Mart’s decision to incorporate RFID into their

retail and supply chain has propelled the

technology forward

• Benefits:

– efficiency

– simplification

• Pilot trial

– 16% decrease in stock-outs and

– 2/3 reduction in replenishment times

RFID - wal-mart• Top 100 Wal-Mart suppliers currently use RFID

tags

– increasing to 300 by the end of 2006

– 600 by the end of 2007

• Strategic Implications

– Volume and Cost

– Upstream Supply Chain extensions

– Downstream Supply Chain extensions

– Innovation

RFID - Corporate Examples

Conclusion

• RFID has many potential uses

• Likely to play a key technological role

• Perceptions of privacy and security vary

• Privacy and security concerns must be

addressed

RFID - Sources

04/09/2023

Thank you