1. Web programming

• General introduction to the topic

2. Protocols

3. Servers 4. Programming techniques 5. Client-side techniques 6. Standardization 7. Protocols

The web techniques is based on TCP/IP protocols

8. Mostly used protocols are HTTP and HTTPS

IP: Internet Protocol

9. TCP: Transmission Control Protocol 10. UPD: User Datagram Protocol 11. TCP/IP based application layer's protocols

• DHCP: Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

12. DNS: Domain Name Service

13. FTP: File Transfer Protocol 14. HTTP: Hypertext Transfer Protocol 15. IMAP: Internet Message Access Protocol 16. IRC: Internet Relay Chat Protocol 17. POP3: Post Office Protocol version 3 18. SMTP: Simple Mail Transfer Protocol 19. SSL/TLS: Secure Sockets Layer 20. SSH: Secure Shell 21. TELNET: Terminal Emulation Protocol 22. HTTP

• To retriever linked resources (hypertext docs)

23. Developed 1990 by Tim Berners-Lee

two major versions:

• HTTP/1.0that uses a separate connection for every document

24. HTTP/1.1that can reuse the same

25. connection to download Theclientis an application (web browser, spider) on the computer 26. theserveris an application running on the server computer hosting the web site 27. HTTP standars

coordinated by

The World Wide Web Consortium (w3.org)

28. the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) RFC 2616:http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2616 29. Resources accessed by URI (more specially URL locator) 30. HTTP connection

Client established TCP connection to TCP port (80)

31. Server responses using 32. Request method (8 methods to identified resource)

HEAD, GET, POST

PUT, OPTIONS, DELETE, TRACE

HTTP request:

GET /public/index.html HTTP/1.1

33. Web Servers

Most used Web Servers at January 2010 are:

Apache 111,307,94153.84 %

34. Microsoft49,792,844 24.08 % 35. Google14,550,0117.04% 36. Nginx15,568,224 7.53%

http://nginx.org/

Source:http://news.netcraft.com/archives/2010/01/07/january_2010_web_server_survey.html 37. Apache HTTP server

http://httpd.apache.org/

38. Project of Apache Foundation

Also many other Open Source projects are lisenced different way:http://www.apache.org/licenses/

Newest Apache HTTP 2.2

Upcoming version 2.4

SSL and TLS support with mod_ssl module

Many features implemented as compiledmodulesfor extending core server

39. Programming Apache

The Most popular programming languages used with Apache server are:

PHP (the Most popular)

40. Python 41. Perl

Mostly server-side programming language support is implemented as compiled modules which extend the core functionality

42. PHP

Originally developed by Rasmus Lerdorf

PHP = Personal Home Page

PHP 3 was rewrited

Andi Gutmans and Zeev Suraski rewrote the parser that formed PHP 3

43. New name:PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor PHP 4 powered by Zend Engine 44. PHP 5 powered by Zend Engine 2

Zend Engine is was written by Andi Gutmans and Zeev Suraski

45. LAMP

LAMP = Linux, Apache, Mysql, PHP or Python or Perl

46. Open Source based software suiteto create general purpose web server apps

Popular combination of independent OS projects (term used generally to refer these techniques)

Same software suite to run on other OS:Windows (WAMP), Mac (MAMP) 47. Python

Python is a popular OO scripting language

mod_python is an Apache HTTP Server to integrate the Python with Apache

Python supports many paradigms like functional or aspect-oriented programming

Has fully dynamic type system, automatic memory management with garbage collection and late binding

48. Language has simple and intuative syntax 49. Microsoft IIS Server

Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS)

50. The main competitor for Apache 51. IIS7works on Windows Server 2008 52. http://www.iis.net/ 53. IIS 7.0 was totally rewritten version of IIS 6.0

Programming techniques supported remains still the same

54. Unlike previous versions of IIS, the modular design of IIS 7.0 allows to implement custom modules 55. IIS7 Server

Common HTTP features like Static Content, HTTP errors/redection, HTTP logging etc.

56. Supports Optionally custom modules to :

CGI Common Gateway Interface

57. ASP.NET 58. ASP (classic version) 59. .NET extensibility 60. ISAPI and ISAP extensions 61. Server Side Includes

It's also possible to plug into IIS some additional module from Microsoft/3 th- party source

62. IIS7 development

Language support:

ASP.NET (C#, VB, J#) and

63. Pure PHP Support using 3th party's FastCGI module The components of the Microsoft Web Platform:

Internet Information Services (IIS), SQL Server (Express), .NET Framework and Visual Web Developer

64. Java EE

The newest isJava EE 6

http://java.sun.com/javaee/

APIs/Frameworks supported are:

• Java Servlet

65. JavaServer pages (JSP) + JSTL

66. JavaServer Faces 67. Java Persistence 68. Java Api for Web Services (JAX- WS, JAX-RS) 69. Enterprise JavaBeans 70. Related Java SE specs: JAXP, JDBC, stAX 71. Java EE app servers

Java EE 5/6 Servers:

GlassFish v3

72. Sun GlassFish Enterprise Server v3

former Sun Java System Application Server

JEUS 7 (TmaxSoft) 73. JBoss Application Server v5 (RedHat) 74. Apache Geronimo 2.0 75. IBM WebSphere AppServer V7/Community Ed. 2 76. Oracle Containers for Java EE 11 77. SAP NetWeaver 78. Lightweight: Apache Tomcat, Jetty 79. Client-side web programming

Two independent parts

Client-side Markup languages

HTML, XHTML, XML, XML based languages etc.

Client-side programming

JavaScript, VBScript etc.

80. Markup languages

HTML (3.2, 4.0, upcoming HTML 5.0)

81. CSS 1, 2 and CSS 2.1 82. XML

DTD

83. XSLT 84. Schema 85. MathML Validation tools (online, offline, integrated) 86. Client-side programming

Client-side scripting is the web application that is executed on the client-side normally usingthe web browser

87. Dynamic HTML( DHTML ) for scripted web pages

Written by client-side scripting languages like JavaScript and VBScript.

XML Programming tools like XSLT, Xpath, DOM, E4X etc. 88. Web standars

The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)

89. http://www.w3.org/ 90. main international standardization organization for the World Wide Web (WWW or W3). 91. W3C process

Working Draft (WD)

92. Last Call Working Draft 93. Candidate Recommendation (CR) 94. Proposed Recommendation (PR) 95. W3C Recommendation (REC)

Note! W3C leaves it up to manufacturers to follow the Recommendations

96. Defines levels of conformance if software isW3C-compliant 97. The Most Important standards from W3C

http://www.w3.org/standards/

98. HTML (including XHTML 1.0/1.0), CSS 99. XML

XML, XQuery, XML Schema, XSLT, EXI

100. http://www.w3.org/standards/techs/xml Services, Architechture

HTTP, XML, SOAP, WSDL, SPARQL

101. Standards continues

Semantic Web

" Web of Linked Data "

102. RDF, SPARQL, OWL Web of Devices: Multimodal access, mobile Web and Voice Browsing

One Web Vision

103. Techs: CSS Mobile, XHTML for mobile, EMMA, InkML, VoiceXML, PLS, Speech Interface Framework 104. Web Services

Web services for other applications

SOAP RPC, remote Procedure Call interface

105. WSDL description of the service 106. UDDI - General service register Web Services

Amazon Web Services

107. Google Web Services 108. Using standardized XML techniques/protocols 109. REST as a web service

Web Services API

110. Supports XML data and HTTP protocol 111. A RESTful web service (also called a RESTful web API) is a simple web service implemented using HTTP and the principles of REST 112. Simpler to implement than SOAP/WSDL

Facebook has REST API

113. RESTful web Service

RESTful web service:

The base URI for the web service

114. The MIME type of the data supported by the web service (JSON, XML, YAML etc.) 115. The set of operations supported by the web service using HTTP methods (e.g., POST, GET, PUT or DELETE). 116. Future of the Web?

"One Web Vision"?

117. Watch the talk from Kevin Kelly on the next 5,000 days of the web

http://www.ted.com/talks/kevin_kelly_on_the_next_5_000_days_of_the_web.html