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General Facts of Operating Systems

• The purpose of an operating system is to provide an environment in which a user can execute programs in a convenient and efficient manner.

Definition of Operating System

• An operating system is the most important software that runs on a computer. It is a large program made up of many smaller programs.

Parts of an operating system

• ROM and RAM are very important to the OS. Part of a computer's operating system is built into ROM. That part contains the most essential programs that the computer needs in order to run correctly. It is responsible for waking up the computer when you turn it on to remind it of all the parts it has and what they do.

Examples of OS

• DOS (Disk Operating System)• UNIX• LINUX• Windows NT• Windows 2000• MACINTOSH (often called "the

Mac")

Function of an Operating System

• It manages all of the software and hardware on the computer. The operating system coordinates that the programs running access your CPU , to make sure that each program gets what it needs.

Types of operating systemsThere are four general types of operating systems.

Their use depends on the type of computer and the type

of applications that will be run on those computers.• Real-time operating

systems (RTOS) are used to control machinery, scientific instruments, and industrial systems.

• Single-user, single-task operating systems allow one user to do one thing at a time.

• Single-user, multi-tasking operating systems allow a single user to simultaneously run multiple applications on their computer. This is the type of operating system found on most personal desktop and laptop computers.

•Multi-user operating systems allow multiple users to simultaneously use the resources on a single computer.

Example of Single-user, multi-tasking operating systems

Software for an Operating System

• Processor management. The operating system needs to allocate enough of the processor's time to each process and application so that they can run as efficiently as possible. This is particularly important for multitasking.

•Memory storage and management. A computer has four general types of memory: high-speed cache, main memory, secondary memory, and disk storage. The operating system must balance the needs of each process with the different types of memory available.

•Device management. Most computers have additional hardware connected to them. These devices require special programs that translate the electrical signals sent from the operating system to the hardware device. The operating system manages the input to and output from the computer.

• Application interface. As software developers write applications, they can insert these API functions in their programs. As the operating system encounters these API functions, it takes the desired action, so the programmer does not need to know the details of controlling the hardware.

•User interface. The user interface sits as a layer above the operating system. It is the part of the application through which the user interacts with the application.

Examples of Software of OS

• Windows• Linux • Unix • MacOS

Video about operating systems

• It’s an argument nearly as old as the home computer itself. It breeds hatred between friends and can cause all out brawls in the IT room. Of course we are talking of the ongoing battle between Macs and PCs