Web of dataThomas Francart, sparna.fr

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Crédits : This work remixes elements from Fabien Gandon, Serge Garlatti and Pierre-Yves Vandenbussche

a humanThe web for

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The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat : And Other Clinical Tales by

In his most extraordinary book, "one of the great clinical writers of the 20th century" (The New York Times) recounts the case histories of patients lost in the bizarre, apparently inescapable world of neurological disorders. Oliver Sacks's The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat tells the stories of individuals afflicted with fantastic perceptual and intellectual aberrations: patients who have lost their memories and with them the greater part of their pasts; who are no longer able to recognize people and common objects; who are stricken with violent tics and grimaces or who shout involuntary obscenities; whose limbs have become alien; who have been dismissed as retarded yet are gifted with uncanny artistic or mathematical talents.

If inconceivably strange, these brilliant tales remain, in Dr. Sacks's splendid and sympathetic telling, deeply human. They are studies of life struggling against incredible adversity, and they enable us to enter the world of the neurologically impaired, to imagine with our hearts what it must be to live and feel as they do. A great healer, Sacks never loses sight of medicine's ultimate responsibility: "the suffering, afflicted, fighting human subject."

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W. SacksOliver

Oliver Sacks

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machines

The web of data is an extension of the existing web that adds structured data for

6

Structureand

Identify

Chapter I : web of data to

Whystructuring content ?

To have smarter

information access

internally and/or

Synonymy

Yacht ?

Boat ?

Ship ?

… dans une bottle, a vial, a flak ?

Polysemy(english and french !)

Multilinguism

quick vegan pizza recipe

Search on the web :

relevance and reuse of the results

can be done only by… you.

What if I want to sort by cooking time ? By calories ?What if I need to create and excel spreadsheet of the recipes ?

subject verb complement

Let’s structure descriptions with atomic information

Tino’s pizza is a pizza recipeTino’s pizza has ingredient tomatoTino’s pizza has ingredient mozarellaTino’s pizza has ingredient mushroomsTino’s pizza is in category easyTino’s pizza is prepared in 20 min

More formal description

Yes but…how can we be

non ambiguousin these descriptions ?

« has ingredient », « contains », « a pour ingrédient »… ?

By using a common interpretation of these descriptions, using

shared vocabulariesAlso called

ontologiesthat give an unambiguous meaning to verbs, subject categories and complements.

There is no such thing as

« THE » Ontologybut rather each ontology can be seen as a particular « point of view » on the domain.

And ontologies can be aligned, shared and connected to make « point of view »

interoperable.

ex:pizza23 rdf:type pizza recipeex:pizza23 food:hasIngredient tomatoex:pizza23 food:hasIngredient mozarellaex:pizza23 food:hasIngredient mushroomex:pizza23 dc:subject myData:easyex:pizza23 schema:cookingTime 20 minex:pizza23 rdfs:label « Toni’s pizza »

More formal description

How are these rich snippetsgenerated?

More formal question

?smthg rdf:type pizza recipe? smthg schema:cookingTime < 20 min? smthg dc:subject vegan

Additionnalfacets

Custom search

« KnowledgeGraph »

• Vocabulary to structure data in HTML pages– Made by and for the big search engines

• Started mid-2011• by Yahoo!, Bing and Google.

• + Yandex (russian)

• Working group led by Dan Brickley

• Relies on HTML5 (Microdata and RDFa)

Thing

RDFa syntax<div resource="/billets/probleme-platon" prefix="dc: http://purl.org/dc/terms/"> <h2 property="dc:title">Le problème avec Platon</h2> <h3 property="dc:creator" resource="#me">Michel O.</h3></div>

<div class="sidebar" vocab="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/" resource="#me" typeof="Person"> <p> <span property="name">Michel O.</span>, Email: <a property="mbox" href="mailto:michelo@philo.fr">michelo@philo.fr</a> </p>

<div> <ul> <li property=“knows" typeof="Person"> <a property="homepage" href="http://exemple.fr/platon"> <span property="name">Platon</span> </a> </li> </ul></div>

</div>

Microdata syntax<div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/BlogPosting"> <h2 itemprop="name">Le problème avec Platon</h2> <h3 itemprop="creator" itemscope itemref="me">Michel O.</h3></div>

<div class="sidebar" id="me" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <p> <span itemprop="name">Michel O.</span>, Email: <a itemprop="email" href="mailto:michelo@philo.fr">michelo@philo.fr</a> </p>

<div> <ul> <li itemprop="knows" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a itemprop="url" href="http://exemple.fr/platon"> <span itemprop="name">Platon</span> </a> </li> </ul></div>

</div>

vs.

Which one should I choose?

RDFa Microdata

• Same number of attributes• Same complexity• 99% same expressivity• Same support in schema.org

lite

vs.

Which one should I choose?

RDFa Microdata

• RDFa : compatible with RDF world (URIs, triples, parsers)

• RDFa : more stable, more widely deployed• RDFa core : more possibilities• Facebook does not support Microdata• 99% of microdata markup encodes schema.org

lite

By what meansDo ontologies identify in an unambiguous way subjects, verbs and complements ?

Using URIs

http://mydomain.org/mypath/myresource

URLIdentifieswhat existson the web

http://mon.site.fr

URIIdentifies,on the web,what exists

http://animaux.fr/mon-zebre

Fabien Gandon : http://fr.slideshare.net/fabien_gandon

Good practice : on the web of data, every URI is also a URL

URL : phone number

URI : social security number

IRI :Internationalized

Resource

Identifier

UNICODE URIs

PublishChapter II : web of data to

Whyusing web of data standards to publish data ?

To

share data with partners, applications, services…

What is the simplest mode of communication ?

« peer to peer » « hub and spoke »

Publishing data ? Is it Open Data then ?

http://5stardata.info

Open data

Data in the web

Linked data

Louvre ParisIs in

Paris =http://fr

.dbpedia.org/resource/

Paris

Paris Paris

Open Data and web of data

★ Data accessible on the web(in any format, even PDF, or JPG)

★★ Structured data(Excel file instead of JPG)

★★★ Non proprietary format(CSV instead of Excel)

★★★★ Use URI to identify ressources inside the data

★★★★★ Link data to other data sources

http://5stardata.info/

Open Data

Linked data –

web of data

LinkChapter III : web of data to

Whylinking information ?

For example to be able to

integrate data from different sources in a single application.

Tiré de http://graphityhq.com

Tiré de http://graphityhq.com

http://exemple.com/Elvis plays guitar

http://exemple.com/Elvis lives in Las Vegas

A data source can

speak about the same « subject »as another data source

A data source can

use as « complement »a subject defined in another data source

http://data.insee.fr/Paris is in France

Elvis is in concert in http://data.insee.fr/Paris

http://exemple.fr/meet

is a

property (linking 2 people)

Thomas

http://exemple.fr/meet

Oliver

A data source can

use a « verb »defined in another data source

From a web of

documents identified by URLs and interlinked by hypertext links…

… to a web of dataidentified by URIs and interlinked using triples « subject verb complement »

and

Extraction software

Cultural GPS

Collectionsaccess

teaching

accessibility

international

appl

icati

ons

Julien Cojan et Fabien Gandon : http://fr.slideshare.net/JulienCojan/dbpedia-cafein

dbpedia

wikipedia

Julien Cojan et Fabien Gandon : http://fr.slideshare.net/JulienCojan/dbpedia-cafein

Find a resource in DBPedia

1. Look up something in DBPedia– « Jack Sparrow »

2. Note the URL of the Wikipedia page– http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Sparrow

• Replace the beginning of the URL with « http://dbpedia.org/resource/ »– http://dbpedia.org/resource/Jack_Sparrow

(Re-)useChapter IV

Web of data

Blablabla,blablablabla

He said all of that was already working, right ?

Arrière plan de l’image issu du blog des bits: http://nurdcartoon.blogspot.com/

Find the common point between - Pierre Curie: French phycisist - Boutros Boutros Ghali: Egyptian diplomat - Jackie Kennedy : JFK’s wife

http://relfinder.dbpedia.org

Allow researchers to

publish their data

http://www.nakala.fr

for your data

1. Persistent Identifiers2. Persistent access to data file3. Data archival4. Metadata publishing

1. URIs and content negociation2. OAI-PMH3. SPARQL endpoint

5. In the future… linking (to DBPedia) ?

1. Uploading / publishing

2. Access• Data (embeddable in another website)– http://www.nakala.fr/data/11280/1b2c0d4f

• Metadata– Human or machine version

• http://www.nakala.fr/metadata/11280/1b2c0d4f

– Human version• http://www.nakala.fr/page/data/11280/1b2c0d4f

– Machine version• http://www.nakala.fr/data/data/11280/1b2c0d4f

3. Harvest or query

• OAI-PMH publishing (your data only)– https://www.nakala.fr/oai/11280/93ec8e76?

verb=ListRecords&metadataPrefix=oai_dc

• SPARQL querying (all the data)– http://www.nakala.fr/sparql

Share data to

connect scientists & enable research

discovery

http://vivoweb.org

What is VIVO ?• A web portal that can be deployed in research

institutions…• … and can be fed with data about

– Researchers– Labs – Publications– Events – And more…

• … and allows to search/navigate/edit that data…• … and publishes the data back for other to reuse.

What is VIVO ?

• Exemple installations– Meta-VIVO :

http://vivo.vivoweb.org– U. Florida :

https://vivo.ufl.edu/– Bournemouth :

http://staffprofiles.bournemouth.ac.uk/

• (find others at vivoweb.org)

Visualizations

• http://vivo.cns.iu.edu/gallery.html

vivosearch.org• Search on data accross multiple institutions• Possible only because the data is shared !

Interinstitutional collaboration dataviz

• http://xcite.hackerceo.org/VIVOviz/visualization.html

• Possible only because the data is shared…

• … and the data is talking about the same “thing” (here, the same publication)

Using data from the web to enrich content

reading

http://labs.sparna.fr

http://dev.presek-i.com/onmt_demo/

Create mashupsWith data from the web

http://labs.antidot.net/museesdefrance

Use data from the web to power an API

http://seevl.net

“The data seevl utilizes come from YouTube, Musicbrainz, Freebase, DBPedia, Google Plus, and Facebook, and other sources”.

Publish

a library catalogue

http://data.bnf.fr

http://www.rencontres-numeriques.org/2013/mediation/docs/rn2013-BNF-opendata.pptm

Catalogue général (12 M)

Collections numérisées (2,5M) Web pagesfor humans

Structured dataFor machines

BnF Archives & Manuscrits

http://www.rencontres-numeriques.org/2013/mediation/docs/rn2013-BNF-opendata.pptm

data.bnf.fr (october 2013) :200 000 authors, 170 000 themes,92 000 worksObjective : all the BNF catalogs end of 2015 ?

data.bnf.fr : • +70 000 unique visitors per month• +80% from search engines• 50-70% conversion to Gallica and catalogues

StructuringIdentifyingPublishing

Linking(Re-)using

Conclusion

http://everywhereishere2009.blogspot.fr/2009/08/first-thoughts-designing-new-knowledge.html(en attente de la permission de l’auteur)

http://everywhereishere2009.blogspot.fr/2009/08/first-thoughts-designing-new-knowledge.html(en attente de la permission de l’auteur)

Thomas FRANCARTsparna.frCrédits : Fabien Gandon, Serge Garlatti, Pierre-Yves Vandenbussche